Nobuninzi le planethi: impendulo

Bamanani ikhalise i-alam: ukuba nobuninzi ka umhlaba kunyaka ngamnye kuba yingxaki ngakumbi kungxamiseke ngakumbi ukuba iplanethi yethu. Ukukhula kwenani labantu ezisengozini nenkxwaleko ezentlalo kunye nezokusingqongileyo. izinto eziyingozi ukunyanzela iingcali ukukhangela iindlela zokusombulula le ngxaki.

Ingaba kukho isoyikiso?

ingcaciso ngokubanzi kunye nokoyikiswa ezibangelwe nobuninzi le planethi kuxhomekeke yokuba kwimeko yengxakeko demographic ehlabathini Uphelelwe kwezibonelelo, yaye abantu baya ijongene into ukungabikho kokutya, amanzi, okanye enye indlela yokuziphilisa ebalulekileyo. Le nkqubo inxulumene ekukhuleni koqoqosho. Ukuba uphuhliso lwezibonelelo zoluntu akayigcina nesantya kunye nokwanda koluntu, umntu ubotshiwe kuba neemeko zokuphila ezimbi.

ukuthotywa kwamahlathi, ithafa lengca, zasendle, lomhlaba - loo nto uluhlu nje buso into esongela planethi zokwanda. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, namhlanje ngenxa narrowness kunye nokunqongophala kwezibonelelo kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini bafe ngaphambi kwexesha nyaka ngamnye abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-30.

overconsumption

A multi-amaninzi ingxaki zokwanda of Iplanethi kungekuphela nje mpofu zendalo izibonelelo (ezifana nemeko ababa kuninzi amahlwempu amazwe). Kwimeko kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngokoqoqosho kukho enye ubunzima - overconsumption. Oku kukhokelela kukuba ayikho omkhulu amanani uluntu nengeyonzuzo kakhulu isebenzisa izibonelelo ezibonelelwa kuyo, ukungcolisa okusingqongileyo. Kwakhona idlala indima ukwanda kwabantu. Kule mizi-mveliso omkhulu kakhulu ukuba abanakubenzakalisa kokusingqongileyo.

imbali icala

Ingxaki yanamhlanje zokwanda le planethi yavela ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX. Ekuqaleni ixesha lethu babehlala on Earth abantu abamalunga ne-100 million. iimfazwe rhoqo, izifo, amayeza akudala - konke oku akazange avumele labantu ukuba ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Uphawu 1 bhiliyoni iye yasuswa kuphela ngo-1820. Kodwa sele XX ngenkulungwane, ukuba ukwanda kwe umhlaba liye laqhubeka kunokwenzeka ukuba enyanisweni, njengoko inani labantu landa ngokucacileyo (endinceda ngayo kwinkqubo nakuphuculo zokuphila standards).

Namhlanje ihlabathi ekhaya malunga 7 billion (abasixhenxe billiyone sele ifakiwe "ochwetheziweyo" kuphela kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo). Ukwanda ngonyaka ka-90 ezigidi. Isimo esinjalo izazinzulu ekuthiwa ukwanda. Njengesiphumo esithe ngqo kwesi simo - ukuba nobuninzi le planethi. Ukukhula iphambili kweli lizwe akhawunti ukuba amazwe yehlabathi yesibini neyesithathu, kubandakanywa e-Afrika, apho ukwanda ukubaluleka wenzala phambili kophuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo.

Ezi ndleko kwabantu ezidolophini

emzini zonke iintlobo zoluntu ukwandisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza (luyakhula njengoko indawo esiyi ngabo, yaye inani abahlali). Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ezidolophini. Indima izixeko eluntwini gqolo ukunyuka, yokuphila ezidolophini kudlulela yonke imida entsha. Oku kungenxa yokuba ulimo Uyekile ukwenza iqhosha candelo jikelele kuqoqosho, njengoko belunjalo ezininzi kangangeenkulungwane.

Kwinkulungwane XX kwakukho 'revolution cwaka ", nto leyo ekhokelele ukuvela izixeko ezininzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Zesayensi, kwiilwimi zesiNtu ikwabizwa ngokuba 'ixesha kwizixeko ezinkulu ", nto leyo ebonakalisa ngokucacileyo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo eye yenzeka ukususela uluntu ezizukulwaneni embalwa edlulileyo.

Loo kule akhawunti bathi amanani kowomileyo? Ngenkulungwane XX, abemi ezidolophini landa ngonyaka malunga nesiqingatha ekhulwini. Esi salathisi esiphakame ngaphezu yokukhula kwenani labemi. Ukuba ngo-1900, babehlala kwiindawo ezisezidolophini-13% yabantu behlabathi, ngo-2010 - sele 52%. Esi salathisi akayi ayeke.

Umonakalo omkhulu kwi-bume lisetyenziswa umzi. Xa amazwe hlabathi wesithathu , nabo bafumane ematyotyombeni enkulu kunye neengxaki ezininzi yokusingqongileyo kunye nezentlalo. Njengoko kunjalo kunye nokwanda jikelele kwabemi, ukukhula liphezulu labantu kwedolophu waphawula namhlanje e-Afrika. Kukho amazinga ngokomyalelo-4%.

izizathu

ezibangela zeMveli nobuninzi le neplanethi Izithethe zonqulo nenkcubeko kwezo ndawo zikuzo ezithile Asia-Afrika, apho intsapho enkulu nanjengokwesimo ukuba uninzi Iwabemi. Amazwe amaninzi ziyekisiwe zokucwangcisa kunye kwezisu. A elikhulu Inani labantwana ungazihluphi abahlali yabo ithi, nalapho indlala nobuhlwempu zixhaphakile. Konke oku kukhokelela ekubeni kumazwe of Central Afrika intsapho 4-6 kubelekwa nge-avareji, nangona abazali ngokufuthi abanakuzeyisa kuzo.

Umonakalo evela zokwanda

Usongo ngundoqo nobuninzi le iplanethi azezi uxinzelelo kwimo engqongileyo. Umthwalo indalo kuvela emizini. Uhlala% 2 kuphela yomhlaba koMhlaba, ukuba umthombo 80% na ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi kwi-atmosfera. Kwakhona accounting ngenxa 6/10 amanzi acocekileyo. Izkulahla poison emhlabeni. Abantu abahlala ezidolophini, imiphumo ehlala ngakumbi zokwanda le planethi.

Kobuntu kuyanda ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Kulo mzekelo, koovimba emhlabeni abanalo ixesha kwakhona kwaye shwaka nje. Oku kunjalo lwemithombo ehlaziyekayo (amahlathi, amanzi, intlanzi), kwakunye nokutya. Of turnover oluvela kumazwe ezintsha otyebileyo. Oku lula open-umhadi ithi imigodi. Ukuba ukwanda yezolimo imveliso wasebenzisa zinambuzane nomanyolo. Abulala lomhlaba, phambili yayo ukhukuliseko lomhlaba.

Ukukhula ehlabathini lonke kwezityalo yi malunga ne-1% ngonyaka ngamnye. Eli nani isalele kakhulu emva index ukwanda kwabemi behlabathi. Isiphumo soku umsantsa umncipheko lobunzima ukutya (umzekelo, xa imbalela). Umthamo nayiphi na imveliso futhi kubeke emhlabeni sisisulu ukungabi amandla.

"Umda Upper" planethi

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba langoku kwinqanaba yokusebenzisa, ababa zizityebi beentlanga, umhlaba nako ukondla nkqu umyalelo 2 billion zabantu, kwaye umhlaba uya kukwazi 'abambelele "ezimbalwa billion, kunye okuphawulekayo nokuhla komgangatho wobomi. Umzekelo, e-Indiya, ngamnye mmi 1.5 eehektare zomhlaba, ngelixa eYurophu - 3.5 hectares.

La manani lapapashwa zizazinzulu Mathis Wackernagel kunye uWilliam Rees. Ngowe-1990 wadala ingqiqo, ebizwa ngokuba "Ecology Trail". Abaphandi Kuqikelelwa ukuba indawo koMhlaba kwelimiweyo malunga 9 billion yeehektare, ngoxa ngoko labantu ihlabathi abantu 6 billion, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umntu omnye abe umlinganiselo 1.5 hectares.

Ukwandisa yobunzima kunye nokunqongophala kwezibonelelo kuya kubangela kuphela intlekele yendalo. Unanamhla kwezinye kwimimandla mninzi koMhlaba abantu kukhokelela kwezentlalo, kuzwelonke, ekugqibeleni, umbhodamo kwezopolitiko. Le ndlela ibonisa imeko kuMbindi Mpuma. Inkoliso yale mmandla kuhlala kwiintalango. Population iintili emxinwa wakhawula unalo ezixineneyo. Resources for bonke akwanelanga. Kwaye kulo mba kwenzeke iingxabano rhoqo phakathi kwamaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Indian eyehlele

Owona mzekelo izicacele zokwanda kunye neziphumo zayo - India. Iqondo ukuzalwa kweli lizwe abantwana 2.3 umfazi nganye. It ayidluli kakhulu inqanaba yokuzala zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, e-Indiya siye sele abafumana ingxinano (abantu 1.2 billion, 2/3 babo abangaphantsi kweminyaka kwama-35 ubudala). La manani zibonisa Intlekele liza wobuntu (ukuba imeko akuyiphazamisi).

Ngokutsho uqikelelo UN, ngo-2100 labemi-Indiya baya kuba ngabantu-2.6 billion. Ukuba le meko ngokwenene ukufikelela la manani, ngenxa kwamahlathi ngentsimi kunye nokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zamanzi ilizwe liya kujongana intshabalalo lokusingqongileyo. E India, ikhaya kumaqela amaninzi uhlanga eyayisongela imfazwe yamakhaya kunye sokonakalisa karhulumente. Loo meko kubonakale kwindlela ihlabathi, ukuba nje ngokuba ilizwe liya sukela ukugaleleka ngobuninzi iimbacu, kwaye baya kuhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, nesihluma ngakumbi.

Workarounds

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ngendlela ukumelana nomngeni iintlanga zomhlaba. Ukulwa nobuninzi le planethi kunokwenziwa nkqubo inkanuko. Ngoko utshintsho lwentlalo, ukunika abantu injongo kunye namakhono ezinokuthi endaweni iindima yintsapho eqhelekileyo. Abantu Lonely unokunikwa izibonelelo ngohlobo iinzuzo zerhafu, izindlu, njalo njalo. D.-nkqubo kuya kwandisa inani labantu wala ukusayina isigqibo umtshato yokuqala.

Abasetyhini kufuneka inkqubo yomsebenzi nakwimfundo, ukuvumela ukwandisa umdla umsebenzi wakhe, icala, ukunciphisa umdla ngumama kwexesha. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka semthethweni isisu. Oko isenokuba njalo urhoxiso nobuninzi le planethi. Solutions kule ngxaki ziquka ezinye magama.

amanyathelo ezingqongqo

Namhlanje, kwamanye amazwe banamazinga aphezulu ngokuzalwa umthwalo nkqubo yezibalo. Kwafa abantu kwi-sikhokelo yezo zenzo kusetyenziswa iindlela zonyanzelo. Ngokomzekelo, eIndiya ngo-1970. kokuvala ngenkani lwenziwe.

Owona mzekelo adumileyo kunye ngempumelelo nkqubo uxhobile entsimini yokumiwa komhlaba yi China. E China, Izibini kunye nabantwana ababini okanye ngaphezulu ahlawule isohlwayo. Pregnant wanikela sesihlanu kwimivuzo yabo. Loo mgaqo-nkqubo uye ukuncipha kokukhula koluntu ukususela-30% ukuya kwi-10% kwiminyaka engama-20 (1970-1990.).

Kunye nomqathango eTshayina weza nikukukhanya, neentsana million 200 ngaphantsi kwe luzakwenzeka ngaphandle ukwayo. Ingxaki zokwanda le planethi izisombululo ayakwazi zokubumba mngeni emitsha. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-China i-ingqongqo kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukuguga okuphawulekayo yabantu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba namhlanje China akakuboni kude izohlwayo iintsapho ezinkulu. Izama ukungena izithintelo lwabantu nabo Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka.

Ukunyamekela malunga nokusingqongileyo

Ukuze nobuninzi yoMhlaba akazange abe yingozi ukuba ehlabathini lonke, ukuba kuyimfuneko nje ukunciphisa izinga lokuzala, kodwa indlela eyiyo kwezibonelelo. Utshintsho inokuba ukusebenzisa eminye imithombo yamandla. Baya mene inkunkuma ngendlela efanelekileyo. Sweden sele ngo 2020 bashiye imithombo amafutha engumgquba (bona ukubuyisela amandla kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo). Indlela efanayo uyila Iceland.

Nobuninzi yale planethi njengengxaki yehlabathi olunokubatshayela lonke ihlabathi. Ngoxa e yaseScandinavia lenguqu ukuya yamandla eBrazil baza ukuguqulela ukuthutha ethanol akhutshwa ummoba, kukho inani elikhulu evela kweli lizwe loMzantsi American.

Ngo-2012, i-10% of British Energy kuye into eveliswa ngamandla omoya. Kwi-US, swi nga kwinqanaba enyukliya. ziinkokeli zaseYurophu ngamandla omoya ezi Jamani neSpeyin, ukukhula ngonyaka shishino leyo ilingana no-25%. Njengoko amanyathelo yokhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo ukuze ukufunyanwa biosphere enkulu woovimba ezintsha kunye neepaki zesizwe.

Yonke le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ejolise ekunciphiseni umthwalo kokusingqongileyo, akunakwenzeka kuphela, kodwa esebenzayo. amanyathelo akayi konga ihlabathi nobuninzi, kodwa ubuncinane oko mpuluswa imiphumo kakhulu emibi. Ukuze kunyanyekelwe malunga nokusingqongileyo kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ndawo komhlaba ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, siwuyeke ukunqongophala kokutya. Ulwabiwo yehlabathi lwezibonelelo kufuneka zingabi namkhethe. inxalenye zakulungiselelwa uluntu linakho ukuzirhoxisa ezabo izixhobo kwiintsalela, ebavumela ukuba kwabo zifuneka azisekho.

Ukutshintsha zengqondo usapho

Ingxaki zokwanda yoMhlaba isigqibo ukukhuthaza iimbono zocwangciso ntsapho. Oku kufuna ukufikelela lula izicwangcisi abathengi. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo, oorhulumente zama ukunciphisa izinga ukuzalwa nokwanda yayo kwezoqoqosho. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba kukho njalo kwi kuluntu befumile, abantu kamva kuzala kusapho. Ngokutsho kweengcali, kumyinge womfundi omnye kwabathathu basuke okungafunekiyo namhlanje.

Kuba abantu abaninzi abaqhelekileyo nobuninzi le iplanethi - intsomi ukuba akukho achaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ongaphambili kukho izithethe zesizwe kunye zonqulo, ngokutsho apho intsapho - ekuphela kwendlela abafazi ukuqaphela ngokwabo ebomini. Logama nje North Afrika, kumzantsi Asia kunye nezinye iingingqi zehlabathi akayi baphuhlise ulwazi imfuneko inguqu kwezentlalo, ingxaki yezibalo iya kuhlala mngeni kakhulu kubo bonke abantu.