Raphael zamagumbi e Vatican Museum

Le yokuhlala le Pope, iyaqhubeka yaseVatican etempileni iqulathe izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, apho kukho ngaphezu kwewaka. Apostolic Palace (Residenza Papale) iiholo odumileyo ombejembeje abayibambe ubuncwane esikhulu karhulumente encinane.

Mhlawumbi edumileyo zezo wagcinwa obukhulu lokuqala - i Sistine Chapel kunye esekelwe, eyenziwe kaMichelangelo ngokwakhe, banqula benchmark kobugcisa omhle Renaissance Raphael enezigaba. Vatican kule xesha walwa zombini omoya kunye yehlabathi, nayo yonke imisebenzi Renaissance baba ukomeleza ngegunya Catholic Church kunye nentloko yayo.

abakhenkethi abaninzi ukutyelela ndawo enamagumbi amane apeyintiweyo yi inkosi enkulu. Stanze di Raffaello, ezithi zibekwe enye emva kwenye kwibhotwe endala, bayinqule abakhenkethi ubuhle okufanelekileyo kunye nentsingiselo enzulu.

Residence for the Pope entsha

Xa Pope Julius II wathabatha etroneni, akazange afune ukuhlala zokuhlala, ayeba umlawuli ephakamileyo elidlulileyo, uze ukhethe igumbi ofudumeleyo kwibhotwe endala. Intloko leVatican waphupha sakujika yokuhlala wakhe umsebenzi wobugcisa kunye 1503 wamema artists Italian kakhulu, ngoko ke wazoba esekelwe ngaphakathi ofisi yakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi ukhala II kaJulius, waza wakhwela wayalela ukuba yakuhlamba indalo yeenkosi. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, nomphathi weprojekthi, umakhi Bramante, Raphael wabonisa uPopu yemizobo wayengumzobi oselula, bamrholela entlanganisweni raptures. I abangooBhishophu wabiza uFlorence artist oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kwezithembiso, waza wamnika ukupeyinta zokuhlala elizayo komkhulu, yaye kamva waba yaziwe ehlabathini njengesikhululo Rafael.

Utata wayefuna ukubona imifanekiso balizukisa ibandla, kuquka bedumisa umsebenzi kaJulius II. Mandivume ukuba opeyintayo yakhiwe abanyamezela aneenjongo zawo waza wadala obukhulu ongafiyo eziye ubutyebi yokwenene yobugcisa yehlabathi.

Kwistanza della Senyatura Raphael

esekelwe iingangamsha wazisa ingqalelo ezisencinane nezinetalente nodumo, kwakunye kwisihloko ngunozala kwicala elitsha kwimizobo - ". classicism yamaRoma" Rafael evela upopu ilungelo ukupeyinta ezindlini, waqala gumbi elibizwa igama Kwisitanza della Segnatura (Hall zasayinwa), waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi de 1511. Bakholelwa ukuba eli gumbi, ogama lakhe sinxulumana umsebenzi inkosi, upapa wayefumana okanye kwithala leencwadi, kwaye apha Julius II wayefuna ukubona xo va lidala futhi ubuKristu.

ngomfanekiso Ekhaya "I-School of Athens"

Raphael izitanza wanikezela ekuphuculeni ubulungisa abantu bakaThixo ngokomoya yaye nguThixo. Master zidalwe esekelwe ezine, apho ezona, ngokutsho abagxeki, kugqalwa i "School aseAthene." Two sobulumko yamandulo, uPlato noAristotle, ungoyena usembindini, engumqondiso ihlabathi sabaphilileyo nivela eziphezulu iingcamango ezinento yokwenza amava yasemhlabeni.

Bathi ngemvelaphi inyaniso, yaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuqonda yayo. UPlato kuphakamisa sakhe isandla obuxhasa kwintanda-bulumko yimibono Aristotle, isalatha kulaa emhlabeni, uchaza iingenelo indlela ulwazi ngezinto. Abalinganiswa esekelwe iyafana ephawulekayo kubalinganiswa aphakathi egxininisa ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi bulumko yamandulo yenkolo ngelo xesha.

imisebenzi emithathu zizele nemifuziselo

Eqatywe "ingxabano" - ibali malunga wasezulwini neBandla yasemhlabeni kunye nefuthe ubume lwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini. UThixo uBawo noNyana wakhe, uYesu, iNtombi uMariya Ioann Krestitel, kunye nehobe engumqondiso uMoya oyiNgcwele, ndawonye ne ngumkhosi ababingeleli nabantu, uyakwazi ukufunda phakathi apho sobulumko Italian wabe Alighieri. Raphael wazoba incoko ezikhokelela abasebenzi yomthendeleko. ubuntu bakhe - iindwendwe (isonka) - ifumaneka embindini nokwakheka. Xa ubuhle bayo, kulo mfanekiso ithathwa njengenye yezona ncwadi ogqibeleleyo yokudweba.

Ngomfanekiso "Parnassus" flaunts Apollo ezintle, singqongwe uthi-akabi nanzuzo umnyangi kunye iimbongi olukhulu lolawulo. Le kokufa yale yenziwayo yobukumkani, apho lembombo ibekwa art.

mzobo yokugqibela ubalisa ibali yobulungisa, kwaye allegorically ubonisa Ubulumko, Amandla kunye nokuzeyisa, lo mfanekiso sikaPopu Julius II, nokubanjwa esisekweni luhlu ize umthetho wobukhaya.

Esigaba d'Eliodoro

Xa i oyindlela ukupeyinta akugqiba igumbi lokuqala, eqalisa yesibini, ngomhla umxholo wokhuseleko nguThixo. Sebenza kwi Kwisitanza di Eliodoro bangqamana nexesha kozinzo kwezopolitiko. Kwaye ngoko ke wagqiba ukwenza umjikelezo esekelwe eye amaKristu yaye sasithetha malunga nokhuselo iNkosi ngokholo, iphefumlelwe Rafael Santi.

Kwizikhululo ngemiboniso kumxholo iziganeko zembali kunye nemiqondiso kwenzeka ukulithanda Pope, ukuba uqambe egumbini igama elinye esekelwe - "The ukugxothwa Eliodoro etempileni", nto leyo ebonisa abamahashe yasezulwini, ukohlwaya inkosi yaseSiriya, lowo uzama utshontsha igolide. Inxalenye elisekhohlo libonisa Julius II, nto leyo ithwalelwe umoni.

"Imisa Bolsena" ubalisa ibali ummangaliso ezachaphazela ibandla. umbingeleli esingakholwayo abathatha inxaxheba ezandleni ikeyiki isetyenziswa isiko wobudlelane, ndafumanisa ukuba inyama kaKristu, ukopha. Kwi lubonisa oseludongeni kunye notata, uguqa phambi uphawu kaThixo apha enkonzweni.

asikhulule ekuthinjweni, owayengumfundi kaYesu ngoncedo isithunywa kubonisiwe kwi ingoma "imveliso ye St. uPetros entolongweni." umsebenzi umdla kakhulu ngokubhekiselele engile ezintsonkothileyo, kwakunye umdlalo ukukhanya nasethunzini Le nto.

A mzobo wesine ngokuzinikela uPopu Leo ndidibana yinkokeli Huns Attila.

Kwistanza Di Borgo Inchendio

Eli gumbi wokugqibela, apho isetyenzwe ngokobuqu Rafael Santi. Izitanza eVatican ziye zipeyintwe kwisithuba seminyaka eliqela (1513 -. 1515 kaThixo), apho kungazotywa imifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso siyazalana iziganeko eziyinyani kwenzeka kwimbali Bona oyiNgcwele. Emva kokufa kaJulius II isithsaba nguPope Leo X. abangooBhishophu ngoko ndayithanda umsebenzi wangaphambili ngomzobi, awaniwisela umthetho ngawo ukuba ukupeyinta igumbi lokutyela, leyo kamva baqalisa ukuthwala igama Kwisitanza dell'Incendio di Borgo.

Ngomfanekiso ibalulekileyo kugqalwa i "Umlilo kwi Borgo". Ummandla kwisithili enye ingene ngokupheleleyo nemibane, uPopu Leo IV, wayeka umqondiso element emnqamlezweni, wabasindisa abantu bakholelwe isixeko Italian.

Raphael enezigaba: Hall of Constantine

Ndimele ndithi, ukuba URafael, lixakekile kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ephathiswe yinxalenye yomsebenzi kwi holo yesithathu abafundi bakhe, zizotywe emva kokufa ubungqondi umdali xa eneminyaka engama-37, le kwigumbi lesine - kwisitanza di Constantino.

Ngowe-1517, inkosi safumana umyalelo ukukhupha igumbi yokugqibela olusetyenziselwa umgidi ezibalaseleyo, kodwa umzobi kwafuneka kuphela ukulungiselela imizobo kunye imizobo kumxholo soMhlekazi Constantine oyise ubuhedeni lizaliseke abalandeli abanetalente ngayo inkosi. iingoma ezine Bothetha ngamandla, nto leyo ke irhuluneli, owenza ubuKristu unqulo ezisemthethweni uBukhosi baseRoma. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isikhululo eyenziwa Raphael Constantine abafundi imizobo yakhe, yaye hayi ngokwakhe, kwiHolo nangoku ibhekisa imisebenzi iinkosi enkulu.

A wobugcisa yobuciko zehlabathi

Amagumbi Raphael e Vatican Museum engananziweyo abatyeleli yokusebenza abanetalente, ingqalelo iinkcukacha kunye ngokoqobo. Lo msebenzi ukhethekileyo zobugcisa, amabali leyo ezichaphazela isihloko ebaluleke kakhulu - nemisebenzi yabantu, nemfezeko yakhe yokomoya self-nolwazi.

Ukuze ufumane siqhelane imisebenzi Raphael, kufuneka tyelela esimbaxa imyuziyam, umnyango apho kunokwenzeka phambi itikiti elinye neendleko euro 16.