Prince Rurik - umlawuli Novgorod

igama Rurik linxulunyaniswa urhulumente Russian amandulo kunye enye amanani yayaziwa kwimbali Europe. Lo mntu nesibindi kakhulu uyazi kancinane kakhulu.

Prince Rurik ithathwa ukuba mhlawumbi ngomnye amanani kunazo zonke eRashiya. Yezizathu wazalwa kwenye kwi-808 kwidolophu Rerik, igama ngoku Rarog.

Xa 800s yokuqala Danish Korol Gotfrid wasithimba ke eso sixeko, waza uyise Rurik kaThixo, Prince Godolyuba, wayalela ukuba hang. Umama wakhe, i ongumhlolokazi neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Umila, kunye nabantwana ababini babalekela kwilizwe lasemzini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha yobuntwana Rurik okungabandakanywanga amabali. Ukukhankanywa eli xesha ingafumaneka kuphela xa i "Annales Bertiniani" xa 826, kunyaka abazalwana (luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi elizayo kunye nomzalwana wakhe Harold) wabonakala kwindawo yokuhlala amakhosi yomlawuli. Korol Lyudovik bosuku waba owayemele zawo, wazinika amazwe phesheya iElbe.

Kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ekuqaleni kwintsimi yethu, kwakungekho urhulumente esiqinileyo. bahlala khona izizwe chudey, vesey, Ilmen nokuxubana, Krivichi Vyatichi, Drevlyane, igalufa kunye nabanye. Phakathi rhoqo kakhulu kwabaneka intiyo kunye neengxabano, kwi zeenkcuba ezingenasiphelo abantu abaninzi batshabalala.

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho legend, ngomhla wokugqibela abameli zonke izizwe kunye wabiza "amapolisa ngokwalo" inkosana amazwe. Lo mntu njengoko chroniclers ukuthetha Prince Rurik, yaye kwenzeka isiganeko 862 ngonyaka.

Phambi kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe kwi-845 kunyaka wasekwayo Vikings baya bezitsalele oMlambo iElbe, wabatshabalalisa waphantsa ukuhlanganisana umzi wonke phezu kweendonga omlambo. Inkokheli yabo, Prince Rurik, owathi emva kweminyaka emihlanu umthetho esikhulu ngexesha wayenomkhosi weenqanawa 350. Kwaye ke eli armada ke eyehlela eNgilani.

Ngo-862, imikhosi Vikings ahlala lwaseYurophu Lake Ladoga, yaye kunyaka-864 Rurik impahla yakhe Izborsk Beloozero.

Kwaye xa amazwe emanyeneyo kwizizwe ezininzi "ngokuthi" isikhulu baseka bengatshatanga, ngoko saba likomkhulu Novgorod. Ecaleni kwakhe yokutshayelwa yi kwenye idolophu encinane - yokuhlala yamandulo, apho abaninzi abalawuli Novgorod yaye waphila emva koko.

Xa elingummelwane Polotsk Beloozero kunye nezinye izixeko Rurik prince ukuba abuse ababathandayo - nabo. kwiminyaka nje emibini kamva emva Prince Rurik weza etroneni, waqala wombhodamo, apho inkokheli Vadim Hrabry. Noko ke, irhuluneli Novgorod iyakwazi ukubonisa ukuba uyakwazi ukulawula bakhe nemvukelo ngokupheleleyo: olunzima kakhulu ke ngeenyawo olo qhankqalazo.

Ngonyaka 864-th ngenxa yemfazwe yakhe yayinzima kunye Khazars ikwazile ukuba ndizinyathele Moore kunye nokukhula, ekwandiseni ulawulo Novgorod, kukunaba Volkhov River ukuya umlomo we-Oka River.

Ebudeni bolawulo Prince Rurik aza ekuqiniseni imida yayo Bamisa umzi entsha. nkqubo yawo elula ngokwaneleyo, yena wayesazi kakuhle ukubaluleka iindlela zorhwebo komlambo, nto leyo imithwalo matimba angundoqo ukusuka eMpuma. Wakwazi ukulawula kubo, ngaloo ndlela yenze Novgorod ngakumbi.

De kokufa kwakhe ngokuqinileyo kubanjwa nokulawula Novgorod. Ngokutsho yemicimbi yemihla, Rurik waba neminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe. Wafa ngomnyaka 879th ngexesha alingenele izizwe Lop kunye Korela.

Emva kokufa kwakhe etroneni Novgorod wegqitha unyana wakhe Igor, Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba yena umntwana, ibhodi eyona wathabatha phezu Prince Oleg.

Rurik ubukhosi imigaqo ilizwe Russian kwiminyaka engamakhulu asixhenxe, wamngena kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.