UHenry G. Yagoda, intloko NKVD: biography

Genrikh Yagoda waye yaBantu Commissar of Internal Affairs ye-USSR ngo-1934-1936 gg. Waba ngomnye "zooyise ukusungulwa 'of Gulag Stalin, yaye liququzelele unikezelo lwala repressions ubunzima kwexesha. Ngexesha nangokoyikeka okukhulu, waba phakathi amaxhoba i NKVD. Berry watyholwa ekulihloleni ugobe umbuso ekugqibeleni wadubula.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

weza Genrikh Yagoda evela amaYuda Polish. Igama lakhe real - uEnoki Gershevich Yehuda. Revolutionary wazalwa Novemba 19, 1891 kwi Rybinsk - isixeko ibekwe kwiphondo Yaroslavl. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa komntwana intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Nizhny Novgorod.

UHenry G. Berry nokunxulumene kwenye ye'Bolshevik ezaziwayo-kakuhle - Yakov Sverdlov, uza umzala wakhe wesibini. ooyise wayesebenza abashicileli kunye inkosi izitampu, nokuwanqika amatywina ukuba olwela kusetyenziswa womgunyathi. Heinrich waba oodade abahlanu kunye nabazalwana ababini. nentsapho yakhe babehlala endlaleni. Noko ke, lo mfana (emva kwenye intshukumo) waphumelela Simbirsk yokuzilolonga.

Le Berries yoshicilelo - iiBolsheviks Sverdlov kuye abanjalo eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba ubhalisele uNikolay Semashko - Commissar impilo elizayo uLenin kaThixo. Kwakhona Nizhny Novgorod wazalelwa khona Maksima Gorkogo (baba zizihlobo uHenry kwi olwandulela revolution).

"Owl"

Esi siganeko ephambili, emva koko ngokupheleleyo batshintsha ubomi inkwenkwe, yaba kukubulawa umzalwana wakhe omdala Michael. Ngale ndlela, uHenry G. Berry elifana uLenin. Michael kuma Cossacks ngexesha revolution 1905. Isiphelo buhlungu ilindelwe omnye umzalwana, Leo. Wafumana umnxeba empini Kolchak, yaye ngowe-1919 wabulawa ngenxa nenxaxheba kwimvukelo kwi webutho yakhe. Kodwa ukufa kaMikayeli, abusazinge ngothango ezenziwe Henry yotshintsho olululo.

Ndandikhula, Berry njengoko anarchist-amaKomanisi wazibandakanya kwimisebenzi mthethweni yotshintsho olululo. gendarmes Royal wambiza ngokuba "Sychom" yaye "Lonely" (kunye uhlobo haunted kunye unsociable of).

Ngowe-1911, i-revolution wafika eMoscow. Ngomhla imiyalelo Comrades kwakufuneka ukuseka abafowunelwa kunye nabantu abafana-nye zasekuhlaleni kunye noncedo okuququzelela inkunzi yebhanki. Abangenamava elo yelenqe, loo Abantu elizayo xa Commissar of Internal Affairs waseUSSR, yawa ezandleni zamapolisa. Ngandlel 'ithile, waba nethamsanqa. Ndiyarhana lo mfana bafumana amaxwebhu kuphela ubuxoki. WayengumYuda, yena wazifumana ngaphandle kwemvume eMoscow, waphula umthetho Pale of Settlement. Berry ityala ze wagwetywa iminyaka emibini ekuthinjweni Simbirsk.

ESt Petersburg

Ngowe-1913, kukho uxolelo ebanzi yezopolitiko yabhengezwa imbeko isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Romanov ubukhosi eRashiya. Ngenxa yakhe, kancinane ngaphambi Berry wazithela inkululeko. Link to Simbirsk yaphela kwaye revolution baye bafudukela ngokusemthethweni eSt Petersburg. Ngenxa yoko, yena ngokusesikweni abalahla lobuYuda waza waguquka Orthodox (Pale of Settlement isetyenziswa confessional kunokuba ngakwisizwe).

UHenry G. Berry nonqulo bengenanto yakwenza. Nakuba kunjalo, njengoko lo mthetho wayengenalo ilungelo lokuba kubukho ekuphela kwamzeleyo, ukuze waya esifubeni yeCawa Orthodox.

E St. Petersburg, Berry wadibana UNikolai Podvoisky, emva kokuba revolution, waba commissar ngabantu bokuqala ngayo imikhosi exhobileyo. Ngenxa aid yayo revolution baqalisa ukusebenza kwisebe inshorensi kwi i Putilov mveliso. Kwakhona Podvoisky ungumzalwana-eKGB Arbuzov nemisedare: wavula uTimoti, ihlabathi elitsha lonke yamathuba.

Ngowe-1915, uHenry G. Berry wayilwa ukungenela umkhosi komlawuli, waza ke waya phambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Wavuka ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla emzimbeni, kodwa walimala uphumile kungekudala. Ngowe-1916, uHenry wabuyela Petrograd.

Revolution kunye Cheka

Emva kokuba February Revolution Berry wasebenza kwiphephandaba "lwasemaPhandleni abahluphekayo" kwaye "Soldier bokwenyaniso." Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1917, waba yamaBolshevik Party. Kamva ke uya kulala, ukuba kunye nabo emva ngo-1907, kodwa oku ukulahlwa izifundo mbali ayinyani.

Ngexesha iziganeko Oktobha Berry waba angqingqwa izinto Petrograd. Ngowe-1918, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe Cheka-OGPU. Okokuqala, igosa lokhuseleko abasebenza uhlolo emkhosini. Emva koko i Sverdlov lwezizalwane Dzerzhinsky wayemfudusile eMoscow.

Ngoko uHenry G. Berry kule Section Special. Yena wasondelelana ngokukhethekileyo kunye Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Ekufeni kwakhe, Dzerzhinsky, le yokugqibela wabubhekisa i Cheka-OGPU, Yagoda waza waba nesekela lakhe. Ngaphezu koko, xa kuqala umthetheli sifo ebona lucky ukuqhubeka kunye nolawulo ngqo arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Iholo nombuzo

Nokuba ngo 1919-1920. Berry uye wasebenza Commissariat of Trade Foreign. Apho wazakhela kwintsebenziswano nenzuzo kunye noonogada Aleksandrom Lure waza waqala ukufumana nomiselo oluvela concessions amazwe. La madoda mabini Waqhuba yonke ibuthuma khona into embi. Yaba kukuba yaBantu Commissariat of Trade Foreign kususela kwimini eyasekwayo ngokusondeleyo ukuya Cheka. abasemagunyeni zokhuseleko loluntu athimba izinto zexabiso, kwaye arhente ethengisa Lurie kaThixo uhlobo phesheya ngemali nzima.

UHenry G. Yagoda, ogama biography uthetha ngayo njengomntu olunzulu obawayo kwaye uyabawa, kule ndlela, yayahluke kakhulu ukusuka mgaqo Dzerzhinsky kunye Menzhinsky. Corruption Chekist wayethanda Stalin. Xa Ekuveleni imi--20-30. wawalwela amandla kuphela, Wacela inkxaso amaqunube. Akekho okanye enye ulahlekelwe. Berry wayibeka phezu umntu ekugqibeleni waba uZwilakhe, kunye Stalin wayesazi malunga Berries igama yobuqhophololo ngoku bayakwazi ihlebo, ufuna ukunyaniseka.

ABaziintloko Commissar

Nangona ukuzibophelela yinkokeli owayamileyo eSoviet, ulwalamano lwabo kunganzima ukuba kuthiwe efanelekileyo. Kule 1920, Stalin kwavunyelwana kubanda kakhulu ukuya Berry, njengoko kubonelelwe nokwabela ku Yakov Sverdlov, naphakathi Sverdlov kunye Stalin kwesa bangaphandle ukususela kwixesha reference turukhanskoy waziva ukungaqondani obonakalayo. Iphepha kwigosa lokhuseleko eliyintloko sizotywe ngononophelo, ukuba ungoyiki.

Ingxaki enkulu ukuba amaqunube emva nokusekwa ubuzwilakhe kaStalin waba ngumhlobo wakhe omdala kunye Bukharin. Wade wakhankanya intloko GPU njengegosa lokhuseleko enye, unako ukubala kumzabalazo wokulwa Stalin. Ngelo xesha Berry ihambela ibandakanywa ngokubulawa kwee-odolo, inkuthalo kunye nokuziphatha ukulungele ukwenza naliphi na owabulala ulwaphulo-mthetho. Stalin wafumana omnye umntu kuzimisela nakwisigqeba NKVD kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Kwacaca ukuba UNikolai Yezhov. Kodwa banesifo ekuqaleni Stalin ngokuyimfuneko ubunzima Berry yaye yakha umsebenzi kunye naye.

Abantu Commissar of Internal Affairs

Berry anibanga erudition Menzhinsky kunye banenzondelelo yempambano Dzerzhinsky. Yena kanye vuma wazichaza ngokuthi "njengonogada phezu chain." Xa nabahlobo ngexesha lomnikelo enzima wayemthanda ineptly acengceleze imibongo, kodwa naswela italente yoyilo. oonobumba Private Berries simanzi expressionless koma. Kwikomkhulu, ukuba nzima kwaye usoloko wammonela lwenkokheli zombutho wephondo usebenze olukhazimlisiweyo ngakumbi kwaye ekhululekile. Kodwa ke kanye umntu onjalo ithutyana Stalin wabeka liliso noonogada kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Ngowe-1934, le Abantu omtsha Commissariat of the NKVD kunye yaBantu Commissar of Internal Affairs ye-USSR Berry wazuza ulawulo Ukhuseleko eziphambili lukaRhulumente yadalwa. Wabakhapha Umatshini karhulumente ingcinezelo ayegqunyelelwe ngakumbi ukuba Stalin wayelungiselela iphulo elitsha nxamnye abachasi umbuso wakhe.

Kwisikhundla sakhe esitsha Berry benza kwindalo kunye nokucwangciswa umsebenzi Gulag. ESoviet Union ixesha elifutshane layigubungela network yeenkampu, ezithe abe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye nkqubo kaStalin yezoqoqosho enye iinjini ka olukhawulezisiweyo mveliso. Phantsi kobunkokeli ngqo yaBantu Commissar yaqhuba enkulu Gulag ekwakheni elo xesha - ulwakhiwo White Sea-Baltic Canal. Ukuze alungise nembono ezizinzululwazi uphuhliso Berry lahlela uhambo ukuya Maksima Gorkogo. Hi ndlela leyi, yaBantu Commissar umbhali negalelo ukubuyiselwa eSoviet Union (phambi kokuba wayehlala kwisiqithi Italian ka Capri kangangeminyaka eliqela).

Amaqunube kule ulwalamano kunye masifundisane iphela zombhali. Njengoko intloko amapolisa kwezopolitiko, ngokuqinisekileyo walandela ukunyaniseka abaziingqondi creative ngamandla. Ngaphezu koko, umfazi wakhe Ida Berry L. Auerbach. umntakwabo Leopold wayengomnye obala kunazo abahlalutyi kunye ababhali ixesha lakhe. E Ida and uHenry waba enye indodana - Kwakhona Henry (okanye Garik, njengoko wabizwa kusapho). Le nkwenkwe wazalwa ngo-1929. Abantu Commissar wayeyithanda inkampani ngababhali, iimvumi kunye namagcisa. Basela nemimoya emihle, sathetha abafazi abahle, ngoko kwakukho indlela yobomi, malunga apho waphupha yegosa lokhuseleko.

Kwakukho Berries kunye neentsilelo yobungcali. Ngokomzekelo, nguye lowo wavumela intloko owayesakuba amapolisa tsarist Lopuchin ukuya ku France. Waba defector. Xa 20-30th elandayo stably inani defectors. Stalin phantse yonke cala infuriating. Wabakhalimela amaqunube Ukungakhathali, kwanokuba mbaleki akazange unesinye ulwazi olukhethekileyo kwaye isifundiswa oqhelekileyo.

indlela lwengozi

Ngowe-1935, Berry wafumana iwonga elitsha, ukuba phambi kokuba akukho ezabelweyo. Ngoku waziwa ngokuba "General Commissioner of Public Security." Kwaba ilungelo kuphela uphawu ezizodwa zenyhweba ayenzelwe Stalin kaThixo.

inkokeli yiSoviet nje ufuna iinkonzo yentloko ungumgcini-NKVD. Ngowe-1936 eMoscow yasingatha inkqubo yokuqala. Kule ijaji cala nabo Stalin kudala kwi yamaBolshevik iqela Zinoviev kunye Kamenev.

Phantsi press zocindezelo hit kunye nezinye njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, ngaxa lithile basebenza ngqo uLenin akazange zinxulumene umtshutshisi lwabo njengegunya elingenakuphikiswa. Enye yezi abantu uMikhail Tomsky. Akazange alinde zentendelezo kunye wazibulala. Inowuthi ngqo Stalin, wabhekisela Berry ngengqiqo yokuba naye behlelo eliphikisayo, apho ixesha kunye nodlame. Abantu Commissar obabusengozini ofayo.

ukumbamba

Ekwindla ka-1936 Berry wafumana isabelo esitsha waza waba yintloko yaBantu Commissariat of Communications. Igalelo lokugcina kuwo lahlehliselwa. Ilitye uye salinda ixesha elide afe. Nangona ukususwa umahluko ukusuka isithuba Abantu Commissar of Internal Affairs and amisiweyo kwesinye isithuba wakhangela ngathi kwaye ibe isiqephu umsebenzi ngempumelelo, akunakwenzeka Berry nako ukuqonda ukuba kuza kwenzeka. Sekunjalo, akazange asinabuganga ale kunye Stalin wavuma ukuba umsebenzi omtsha.

Labantu Commissariat of Communications lihlazo KGB wahlala kancinane. Ekuqaleni kuka-1937 iye yalahleka yaye le post. Ngaphezu koko, i Commissar kusinda singasondeli phakathi kwabo CPSU (b). Xa February Plenum weKomiti Central, yena ukugxekwa ngenxa yokusilela kwisebe lakhe.

Matshi 28, Yagoda wabanjwa ngabasebenzi yakhe yakutshanje. Bahlasela kurhulumente izolo, ndayihluthwa yasezulwini kwakhokelela Abantu Omtsha Commissar of the NKVD uNikolay Ezhov. Aba babini, nangona awunandaba yayo, waqalisa imbali omnye eziliqela amanani. Ukuba Yezhov kunye Yagoda baba abenzi kanye omkhulu ingcinezelo kaStalin-1930.

Ebudeni search of uqhagamshelwano Commissar ugxothiwe wafumana uncwadi Trotskyist ezitokisini. Kungekudala ilandelwa yi isityholo of ukuhlola, itulo kokubulawa kuStalin isicwangciso ubhedu. Uphando edityaniswe Berry kunye noTrotsky, Bukharin kunye Rykov - abo bantu ngokwabo, lowo nabakhathazwa wakhuthaza kutshanje ngenkuthalo. Ngesakhiwo iye yachazwa "Trotskyist-zwilakhe '. Yi izityholo abazibandakanyileyo ngoogxa ingaphelelwayo Berries - .. uYakobi Agranov Semyon Firin, Z Zakovsky eliyi Redens Fedor Eyhmans, njl Bonke bephela luphawulwa umtyholwa njengomntu bengafanelwanga nokunqongophala, abamelene ufundile kwaye iziphethe Menzhinsky.

Umfazi Berries nabo ubunzima zocindezelo. Into yokuqala, wagxothwa emsebenzini kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi, waza ke wabanjwa njengotshaba abantu ilungu losapho. Auerbach ahambe kunye nonyana wakhe kunye nomama wakhe kulahlwa Orenburg. Kungekudala umfazi wadutyulwa.

Ukongeza, Berry wabekwa icala lokubulala Maksima Peshkova - unyana wakhe Maksima Gorkogo (enyanisweni wabulawa pneumonia). massacre ekuthiwa kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zobuqu. ngokwenene Berry wayethandana Hope Peshkov - umhlolokazi Mxim. Kokubulawa nabo bathi nonobhala oyintloko umbhali Soviet Petra Kryuchkova.

ukudubula

Amaqunube deal kwaba yinxalenye yenkqubo jikelele wesithathu Moscow (ngokusemthethweni ibizwa ngokuba inkqubo anti-eSoviet "awodwa wamalungelo kunye Trotskyites"). kwetyala esidlangalaleni yabanjwa entwasahlobo ka-1938. Sikhatshwe iphulo bange urhulumente enkulu kumajelo eendaba. Amaphephandaba apapasha iincwadi vula iintlobo zabantu zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo, apho kwathiwa abangcatshi ngokunikezela ukudubula "ezifana nezinja into engeyiyo" njalo-njalo. D.

Berry wacela (waza wanikwa isicelo) kumbuzo ulwalamano lwakhe Nadezhda Peshkova kunye nokubulawa Maksima Peshkova ingqalelo inkqubo eyahlukileyo kwintlanganiso labucala. iziqephu eziphambili zaseMelika nokuceba kuxoxwe ngokuphandle. Berry Wababuza umtshutshisi kunye umtshutshisi Andrei Vyshinsky - ophambili kwezi izilingo eMoscow.

Matshi 13, 1938 ummangalelwa wafunyaniswa enetyala waza wagwetywa ukuba afe. Ebambelele ebomini, Berry wabhala isicelo kwejaji. It akamkeleka. Matshi 15 yangaphambili Abantu Commissar of Internal Affairs obethe ngawo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye abamangalelwa kule nkqubo, Berry iye yesiqhelo.