Ubhubhane Afrika: apho wenza i Ebola?

Ngowe-1976 okokuqala wathetha intsholongwane Ebola. Kodwa edume kakhulu ubhubhane elaqala ehlotyeni ka-2014. Ngoko ixesha elifutshane ukusuka intsholongwane yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-900 izigulane 1,700. kweenyanga ezimbalwa kamva isifo ilityalwe Kodwa, yaye baninzi ngoku banomdla koko kwenzeka Ebola.

Iimpawu zesi sifo

Siqhambuke yaqala ngehlobo lowe-2014 kummandla Central Afrika. Le ndawo kakhulu lugwayimbo of Congo. Le ntsholongwane sisasazwa kuphela kukudibana ngqo kunye negazi labantu esempilweni okanye kwezinye iincindi zomzimba malunga nesigulane eso. isifo okuphumisayo ethunyelwayo.

Amatyala Ebola zarekhodwa, njengoko umthetho, kwi kumazwe aseAfrika. Ngo-2014, lo ubhubhane eGuinea, eLiberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, DRC, Senegal, Mali. Kodwa amatyala abahlali eSpeyin, UK, USA abhaliswa apho. Noko ke, ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane kula mazwe ukuba ifumene. ESpeyin intsholongwane US waziswa lwabahambi eAfrika.

pathways

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, usenokosuleleka, kwanaxa wadibana nomntu ofileyo okanye yabaqholiweyo xa ochukumisa izixhobo ingcolisekile. Umzekelo, intsholongwane isasazeke kangaka ngokubanzi Afrika ngenxa yokuba esibhedlele abasebenzi akukho Musa ukusebenzisa protective clothing. Abayi athandwa kakhulu, amanyathelo jikelele, ngenxa ukunwenwa iintsholongwane ukuba ezisebenzayo ngakumbi. It kubi ngenxa meko kunye nento yokuba kuloo mazwe badla iinaliti ziye zasetyenziswa.

Ukungqinelana onke amanyathelo okhuseleko unokuqiniseka ukuba intsholongwane Ebola ayisasazeki ehlabathini. Oku kuqinisekiswa into yokuba abagulayo abantu kwi-African amazwe befika ekhaya alizange libe ngumthombo yemithombo yosulelo.

Pathogenesis

Ngaphandle izibhedlele Intsholongwane isasazeka xa kwez njengoko phakathi kwabo. Ngaba intsholongwane isenokungena inwebu yangaphakathi kunye microtraumas ulusu. Ithuba elisuke unokuthatha ukusuka iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kuma-21.

Ngokuba lo usulelo luphawulwa ukubonakala iimpawu ukunxila kunye ukuphazamiseka ukopha. Banokuchaphazeleka fever ngesiquphe, iintlungu apha emqaleni, izihlunu kunye nengqondo. Kwakhona bayakhalaza ubuthathaka jikelele. Kwiimeko ezininzi, esi sifo kunye nokugabha, irhashalala, urhudo, kukho iingxaki kwesibindi kunye nezintso. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvula ukopha lwangaphandle okanye ngaphakathi. Sihlaziya zibonisa amazinga aphantsi kakhulu zegazi kunye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ngelixa sisenyusa xi enqanda zesibindi.

ukopha kubonisa a ALS kunokwenzeka ezimbi. Ukuba isigulana na ukuba ningayihlanguli iintsuku 7-16, ngoko amathuba ukufa kwandisa kakhulu. Eyona basweleka ngenxa ukopha kwiveki yesibini ka yokugula.

Ukumisa lo bhubhane

Ngo-2014 malunga ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane kunokwenzeka bathi bonke. Kodwa inku- ngokukhawuleza idlulile, yaye abantu baqala ukuzibuza ukuba yintoni na Ebola. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nje amarhe. Kodwa ke, zikho ngayo intsholongwane.

Ngenxa yokuba esibhedlele kumazwe aphuhlileyo iimeko zenza kube lula ukuba ukuthintela usuleleko ngakumbi, kwihlabathi oluphucukileyo, iqalisa bhubhane. Kumazwe Afrika, ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane usaqhubeka kwindawo yokuqala ngenxa yokuba izigulane ukuthobela namanyathelo ayimfuneko yedwa. Nzima le meko yaye yaseka Afrika isiko ukuba ahlambe ufile izidumbu. Abantu abenza lo nabo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi- Ebola.

Ingaba ikhona ingxaki?

Kakade ke, lo bhubhani 2014 yakhunjulwa yonke into. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, umdla kwisifundo wafa phantsi, kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-2015, bonke yokucinga, apho wenza Ebola. Enyanisweni, eAfrika ubuncothule sifo ayiphumelelanga.

Phakathi kuka-Epreli 2014 ukuya kuDisemba 2015 Zaire ebolavirus wambetha ngaphezulu kwama-27 amawaka. Man. Kwezi, ngaphezulu kwama-11 amawaka. Abafileyo. Mortality waba 41%. Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba ngowama-2016 yaqala ngaphandle kwesiganeko. NgoJanuwari, akukho ngaphezulu kwe-100 abanentsholongwane Ebola kweli lizwe West Afrika Sierra Leone.

Ukuzama ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwesi sifo ehlotyeni ka-2015 urhulumente wafuna ixesha iintsuku ezingama-21, apho bekumele ukuba kuqhubeka 18 emva kwemini ukuya 6 kusasa. Oku ngesiqhelo abachaphazelekayo kwezinye iindawo kwi kwinxalenye esemantla lizwe. Ukongeza, abahlali Akuvunyelwe ukuya kumantla Kambia and Port Loko.

Uhlolisiso lwabantu kwiindawo zosulelo mass wabonisa ukuba i-7% abemi omzimba egazini. Oku kubonisa ukuba abanye sifo nazimpawu okanye ethambileyo.

nokugonywa

Ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesifo kunye nokukhusela abantu kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngenxa amanyathelo othintelo. Kubalulekile ke ngoko kwechiza Ebola. indalo kwayo Ingxowa mali yethu ikakhulu yi-US. Kweli lizwe, sayoyikela ukuba ntsholongwane yafu- kusetyenziswa izixhobo eziphilayo.

Development asikawugqibi. yesitofu american ivavanywe izilwanyana ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkampani ezimbini ukusuka eUnited States sele baqalisa ukuqhuba uphando abantu. Ngo-2014, oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukuba acacise indlela apho Ebola yintsholongwane kuphazamisa umsebenzi sifo. Ehlobo lika-2015 le-WHO ikhuphe ingxelo ethi iimvavanyo ukusebenza lokugonya yimpumelelo. Yena bahlola amavolontiya 4 amawaka ukusuka eGuinea.

Kwakhona lisebenze ukuphuhlisa sokugonya kunye eRashiya. Yasekwa chiza eboniswe ogqithiseleyo ukusebenza, ngoko abaphandi ngethemba lokuba iza kusetyenziswa belingana kunye yasentshona kunoogxa. Kucetywa ukuba isitofu Russian ziya kunikwa Guinea entwasahlobo ka-2016. Ngokutsho izicwangciso, oko kufuneka kwenziwe isixa-10 lamawaka. Iikopi ngenyanga nganye. Ukuba ugonyo uya kwenza inyanzelekile, ngoko bonke iya kucaca kwenzeka ntoni Ebola.