Palmitic acid. Properties, imveliso, isicelo

Palmitic acid (elinye igama - hexadecanoic) - a monocarboxylic ifumile (ezinamanqatha) asidi. Avamise kakhulu kwindalo. Kuba okokuqala le nto ifumaneka ioli yesundu. Esters kunye neetyuwa le acid kuthiwa palmitate. Uninzi esters of crystallinity kunye efana wax. It has ifomula yemichiza ilandelayo: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Kwaye ifomula yayo olwenziwe ngu: C16H32O2.

Ukufumana palmitic acid endalweni

Le nto, njengenxalenye sisininzi glycerides amafutha imvelaphi zemifuno kunye nezilwanyana amafutha. Umzekelo, oku kuquka ioli zesoya 6.5%, ioli yesundu - 38-47%, lard - 30%. Ukongeza, hexadecanoic acid lilungu amanye amafutha: in spermaceti eziqulathwe 90% sperm hexadecanoic acid cetyl Ester, fini malunga nama-30% ee myristyl kaEtere. Xa eziphilayo isilwanyana palmitic acid na imveliso ekupheleni okunamafutha njini acid ukusuka acetyl-awula.

Xa uhlobo hexadecanoic acid glyceride kwi ekwakhiweni kukho oli yomthi wesundu, omnye imifuno otyebileyo Chinese nakuMntla Melika iziqhamo kunye Croton sebiferum Stillinga sebifera, imbewu Rhus succedanea (a wax), i wax mirikonovom berry Myrica cerifera, xa lanolin. Xa urhulumente ezamahala palmitic acid ifumaneka imbewu paprika iimbambano akhazimlayo kunye wax cadaveric (inxalenye enkulu).

Iipropati Physical of palmitic acid:

1. imeko (phantsi kweemeko standard) - crystals enemibala.

2. izinyo ubunzima ngu 256, 43 g / Mol.

3. Le konga 0,841 g / cm³.

Iipropati thermal of palmitic acid:

1. Iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika yaba 62,9 ° C.

2. Le abilayo ilingana 105 ° C (kwi 0,01 mmHg. V.) Yaye 167 ° C (1 mm HG. V.).

3. Flash Indawo ilingana 192 ° C.

4. Umthamo ubushushu izinyo (at kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo) yi 460 J / (Mol · K).

Ziintoni iimpawu eekhemikhali hexadecanoic acid?

1. Solubility emanzini ilingana 0.0007 (kwi-20 ° C).

2. Solubility in ethanol yi-2600 (kwi-7,2 ° C).

3. Palmitic acid sinokuhlasela enyibilikayo benzene kunye acetone.

Iipropati Optical of palmitic acid:

1. Isalathisi zokunganyangeki ngu 1,4219.

Ukulungiswa palmitic acid

Le into ingafumaneka ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Xa crystallization iqhezu okanye retifikatsii evela umxube wezinto fatty leyo zilungiselelwe yi saponification kwamafutha okanye paraffins igcwala.

2. Xa cetyl utywala ngokufudumeza ngekalika le sodium ku 270 ° C (Dumas kunye stas).

C16H33OH (utywala cetyl) + O2 (oksijini) = C15H31COOH + H2 O (amanzi)

3. Phezu elaidic yokunyibilika (oleic acid) kunye sodium hayidroksayidi:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (oleic acid) = CH (CH2) 7SOON + H2O (amanzi) + O = C15H31COOH (acid indlela palmitic) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Ukuba nitric acid igcwala ka-oktodekanonom 2:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3O (oksijini) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. Kwakhona le eziphathekayo kuhlanganiswa yi indlela le yodyura benqanda pentadecylic utywala:

C15H31J + KCN (cyano compound) = KJ + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (cyano compound) + 2H2O (amanzi) = C15H31COOH (into ephuma) + NH3

Apho kusetyenziswa palmitic acid?

1. zathathelwa ingqalelo izinto zoqhagamshelwano ezisetyenziswa stearin yokwenziwa napalm (umxube olukhethekileyo kunye stearic acid), iisepha ngaphaya izithambiso kunye ezahlukeneyo, plasticizers kunye izinto zokuthambisa. Ubuchule le acid isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa yekhandlela.

2. Calcium palmitate isetyenziswa njengecandelo ezaqanjwa ukuze izikhusele ukufuma namanzi (amanzi-repellency) ulusu, amalaphu ezahlukeneyo, iinkuni, izithambiso non-selubala kunye makeup.

3. Kwakhona, sodium palmitate kwaye isetyenziswa licandelo (a thickener) langasese kunye iisepha nendlu emulsifier equka amalungiselelo izithambiso.

4. Imfuneko imethyl palmitate palmitic acid kunye nabanye avela kulo, hexadecanol. Kwakhona, le nto isetyenziswa izinto flavoring for etyiwayo.

5. Ngaphambili kukhokelela ityuwa hexadecanoic acid ezisetyenziselwa imveliso namabala amayeza.