Oles Honchar - Umbhali Ukrainian Soviet

Emva kokuwa abantu eSoviet Union baqala ukujonga ngokwahlukileyo xa inkcubeko yabo kunye noncwadi, uzama uku bana phandle imisebenzi ukusuka leSoviet yaba wobugcisa, nokuba ubuxoki nje waphoselwa. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi kakhulu ababhali Soviet ziye ngokungekho ulibele. Phakathi kwabo, umbhali kweenoveli ezithandwayo kwi gqira Oles Gonchar.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Kwazalelwa umbhali Oles (Alexander Terent'evich) Gonchar ngo-1918 kunye. Lomovke, ummandla Dnipropetrovsk. Ekuzalweni, wamzalela igama Bilichenko.

Emva kokufa unina Tatiana kaThixo - inkwenkwe ebendikhuphisana nayo ayifiki mithathu ezelwe - ngenxa yobudlelwane nzima kunye notata wakhe nomfazi wakhe omtsha Frosya oselula Sasha waya kuhlala uyisemkhulu noninakhulu yomama kwilali suha, elithanda ngempazamo ingqalelo indawo yokuzalwa kwakhe. Nomkhulu phantse indawo kunye uyise womntwana nonina, yaye xa wanika nomzukulwana wakhe esikolweni, wawubhala phantsi egameni lakhe - Gonchar.

Xa inkwenkwe wakhula waza waya esikolweni, imfundo yakhe, waluthabatha umalume wakhe Yakov Gavrilovich, owaba umlawuli we-mveliso yasekuhlaleni. Ngenxa kwesi sikhundla, waba amathuba iqulathe umtshana kunokuba nomkhulu. Ngoko ke, kunye malume nentsapho le nkwenkwe sayokuhlala. Khorishko. Ngoxa ukufunda kwisikolo ndawo, weza phantsi kwempembelelo utitshala ulwimi Ukrainian kunye noncwadi. Yaba Bulelani kuye ukuba umbhali elizayo wayenomdla uncwadi, wafumana igama elithi "Oles". Into yokuba utitshala waba admirer of Imbongi Ukrainian Oleksandr Oles kwaye kwadluliselwa kubo umfundi wakhe. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, xa inoveli yakhe "I Cathedral", umbhali uyila umlinganiswa a icinywe kunye notitshala yakhe ayithandayo.

Ngenxa ihamba uyisekazi uYakobi Alexander kweminyaka esixhenxe lali Breusovke. Ngeli xesha, yena uzama ukubhala lweengoma zabo kunye namanqaku, enkosi lo mfo emva kokuphumelela wafumana umsebenzi kwi-ofisi umhleli we iphephandaba lwengingqi, kwaye emva - kwi yengingqi. Ngaxeshanye kunye nomsebenzi Umbumbi yintatheli kwisixeko yekholeji ye IKharkiv. Emva kokuphumelela, Alexander waqalisa ukusebenza njengomfundisi kwilali Manuylovke. Ngelo xesha eqalisa ukupapasha amabali yakhe yokuqala kuhlelo Ukrainian le "Pioneer", "Uqobo iGazethi", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" kunye nabanye.

Ngowe-1938, Oles Gonchar waba umfundi e eKharkov University Faculty of Philology. Apho waqhubeka ukubhala amabali amafutshane kunye neenoveli, kodwa ngokufunda uvuyo zange ihlale ixesha elide. IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kunye Oles, kokuphazamisa izifundo zakhe, wazicelela ukuba ngaphambili.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, Gonchar wayengekho de umsebenzi wokubhala, nangona ngamanye amaxesha wabhala isihobe kunye wathabatha amanqaku, ezisetyenziswa kamva kumabali bakhe kunye neenoveli malunga imfazwe, ingakumbi trilogy "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevav malunga neminyaka emihlanu, ukuba baye ekuthinjweni kunye abarhola iimbasa ezintathu isibindi Order of the Red Star One, ngo-1945 umbhali wabuyela ekhaya. Ngexesha lemfazwe, uyise wafa, kunye nesiqingatha abazalwana ababini, kwakunye nabanye abahlobo kunye nezihlobo ezininzi. Noko ke, umbhali wabuyela ngaphambili kwenye isiqwenga. "Ithamsanqa" wakhe, wayesoloko wachaza ukuba uninakhulu yakhe, njengokuba umfazi kakhulu inkolo wathandazela ukuba nomzukulwana wakhe. Umbumbi wabhaptizwa njengomntwana, kananjalo bayakholelwa kuThixo, ngapha koko, ngentlonelo gqitha itempile yamandulo yaye kukho iqela azinikele intshabalalo yabo okanye yenguqu ibe esitoreni. Kamva, uza kuwuphakamisa kusini na lo mba inoveli yakhe idumileyo, ngoku i "Cathedral".

Ukuqala Umsebenzi wokubhala

Bebuyile imfazwe, Oles Gonchar wafudukela Kiev ne wangena eyunivesithi yendawo, uyaqhubeka uqeqesho lwakhe oluphazanyiswa imfazwe. Ngaxeshanye, wabhala ezisekelwe iinkumbulo isankenteza kunye namanqaku zomkhosi upapashwe iinoveli eziliqela, yaye emva koko kuthatha phezu umsebenzi ngakumbi elikhulu-isikali - ukubhala inoveli yakhe bt malunga "Alps" (inxalenye yokuqala trilogy "Znamenonostsy") imfazwe, eyapapashwa ngo-1946 kwelinye amaphephancwadi kazwelonke zoncwadi. Ukukhululwa yokuqala Romana Gonchara watshintsha ubomi bakhe. Wenza izikhanyiso zoncwadi ixesha ukuhlawula ingqalelo italente entsha iincwadi Russian. Ngoko ke, inkosi yabonisa uncwadi Ukrainian Soviet uYuri Yanovsky wancoma umsebenzi umbhali mfana waza wagqiba ukuba athathe yena phantsi kwephiko lakhe. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba impumelelo "Alps" Uyasimema uMbumbi wafudukela eKiev ukuya esikolweni isidanga uze uqhubeke ukusebenza iinoveli ezintsha.

ukuqaphela

Kule minyaka mibini izayo Oles Gonchar ipapasha iinoveli yesibini neyesithathu anomxholo othi "Znamenonostsy": "I Blue iDanube" yaye "Golden Prague", kwaye musa ukulibala malunga iprozi encinane. Trilogy "Znamenonostsy" umbhali kuzisa ukuthandwa amakhulu nje kuphela Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, kodwa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ngokuba lo mbhali, umjikelo uya kuba ezimbini Amabhaso Stalin kwaye abe nempumelelo, evunyiweyo, ubumnandi bayo ukufunda yaye nabantu abaqhelekileyo nongqondongqondo.

Noko ke, udumo ngesiquphe sele okhohlisayo Gonchar, nangona yodumo, uyaqhubeka ukubhala. Noko ke, emva kokuba trilogy, umbhali ikakhulu libhekisela zamabali amafutshane kwaye ipapashe amabali ngobomi emkhosini.

Kule amahlanu, emva kokuba inoveli Honchar "Makhe izibane menye" Wasusa iqale "The Girl kunye iinqanawa" kunyaka olandelayo ngomhla omnye Iinoveli ukudubula enye movie - "yintlantsi yabanqolobi".

Kwangaxesha nye, Oles Gonchar dilogii ukusebenza kwiziganeko sokulwela inguqu epheleleyo kumzantsi Ukraine. ubulungu balo ibandakanya iinoveli "Tavria" yaye "periscope". Ngelishwa, bathi abazange babe othandwayo "Znamenonostsy" kunye umbhali ibali elifutshane. Noko ke, kule iinoveli, umbhali uqalisa nyukela kancinci kude kwizicelo emkhosini, yaye babe nomdla ngakumbi ku mxholo ubomi Uxolo lwabantu abaqhelekileyo. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yemizamo ukutshintsha umxholo bobuchule film series ndaba yimpumelelo njengokuba iinoveli ekuqaleni. Nangona iimpendulo kunokuba kuyabanda 1959 "Tavria" yathathwa kwaye isekelwe kwincwadi igama elifanayo wadalwa ballets umculo yi Vladimir Nakhabino.

Ukongeza umsebenzi boncwadi kwi ngamahlanu uMbumbi nobuntatheli inxaxheba, kwaye wahamba kakhulu ehlabathini lonke. Le apogee sale minyaka ilishumi kuye ukuba abe ngusihlalo onyulwe kweManyano Ababhali Ukraine, kwakunye nonobhala i-Union of Soviet Writers.

gqira

Kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo Oles Gonchar igxininisa ubomi umphakathi awohluke yayo. Ukomelela italente yakhe olukhulu umbhali uyalubona iinkcukacha ze udale, imifanekiso eqaqambileyo yothando imvelaphi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoko uMbumbi iinoveli kweli xesha kukho impumelelo hayi ngaphantsi kwe trilogy yakhe abonakale.

Ngowe-1960, umbhali upapasha inoveli "Man kunye nezixhobo", nto leyo ibonisa iinkalo ezintsha italente lombhali. Ngokuba lo inoveli uMbumbi uba uphumeleleyo yokuqala Taras Shevchenko Republican Prize. Nangona lo msebenzi wobugcisa kunye sisiganeko kumsebenzi yombhali, ngaphandle kwesangqa elite Ukrainian zoncwadi, oko akubanga malunga noku kwaye othandwayo neminye imisebenzi zoMbumbi. Noko ke, umbhali ngokwakhe sihloko "Indoda kunye nezixhobo" sekusondele kakhulu, ngoko kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi uza kubuyela kuye ku-phambili inoveli "yiNkanyamba". Izifundo lo msebenzi becala esilala kunye umsebenzi umbhali awayezithanda utitshala Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Enye indalo ebonakalayo Gonchar kwi gqira waba inoveli kumabali amafutshane "Tronka". impumelelo yayo wanceda nombhali kuphela kwakhona malivakale eSoviet Union, kodwa ukuze aphumelele Prize Lenin. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba yonke imali ehamba kunye nale mbasa, Oles wanikela ngokuzithandela kuphuhliso kweelayibrari. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva le noveli Yenziwa kwimovie.

Inoveli Olesya Gonchara "Cathedral" kunye kwihlazo ngeenxa zonke kuye

Kwakhona impumelelo wokudla, umbhali wagqiba ukubhala inoveli "I Cathedral".

Emva kokuba nobudlelwane kunye zokwazisela lwamaxabiso, agonywe ukususela ebuntwaneni, umbhali wazama ukuba babhale ixesha elide kuye umxholo umdla - ngokomoya. Nangona umsebenzi wakhe ngempumelelo, uMbumbi wavuma ukuba wayesoloko indoda zonqulo, baxabisa yaye ehlonelwa amasiko zamaKristu kunye neenkolelo. Emva kwemfazwe, xa babephila umbhali kufuphi Dnepropetrovsk, izitalato zayo unguye Emnye Cathedral, wakha ebudeni bexesha Cossacks le ndlela endala, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nezikhonkwane. Ukuba uphawu ngokomoya nje kuphela, kodwa i lesikhumbuzo zokwakha, le sonto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba balapha. Ke kaloku, ngenxa namaqhinga abasemagunyeni elobulali yayiya isihloko imibombo yezembali kwaye aphathe, abantu babengafuni. Eli bali bachukumisa umbhali, waza wabhala le ncwadi, epapashwe ngo-1968 kweli phephancwadi "Lezwe". Kubafundi nabagxeki baye bayiphawula ababhali Soviet Ukrainian kakhulu lo msebenzi. Kodwa umhlobo osenyongweni Brezhnev, unobhala yokuqala yekomiti lommandla Vatchenko, ukufunda inoveli, ukrokrela ukuba engundoqo ezimbi ubuntu bakhe zikhutshelwa kuye. Ngoko ke wathatha ithuba ngokunxulumana waza kokuvalwa ngakumbi kokupapashwa inoveli, ukuthintelwa nenguqulelo yayo kulwimi Russian, kwakunye nayiphi na ukukhankanywa kuyo eendaba. Ayizange kwazona kuMoses izikhanyiso yoncwadi, okanye ileta kwiphepha-ndaba "PRAVDA".

ban engumlawuli "Cathedral" zenoveli Okwangoku iye yaba uhlobo kuvala, ebangela abasebenzi abaninzi ukulwa uncwadi Ukrainian of totalitarianism kule ncwadi. Ukongeza, kwihlazo ngeenxa kule ncwadi, badumisa umbhali ukuba yonke eSoviet Union. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ncwadi owona msebenzi adumileyo umbhali, nangona kakhulu ezinamandla.

imisebenzi emva kwexesha

Nangona amava bakrakra kunye "Cathedral", Oles Gonchar akazange anikezele yaye waqhubeka nokubhala. Ukuze ntsako yakhe, isimo sengqondo abasemagunyeni sichaphazele 'umntwana' yakhe, umbhali ngokwakhe basinda. Umsebenzi wakhe kamva waqhubeka ukupapasha kule minyaka imashumi mabini ezayo ebekwe kwiskrini abathathu imisebenzi yakhe. Emva kokuba "Cathedral" uMbumbi babhala iinoveli ezine, amabali eziliqela amafutshane, uye wakhupha yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane "Le imililo ezikude" kunye nencwadi lwemibongo kwiminyaka yemfazwe, "vesi Front-line." Ukongeza, ebudeni bale minyaka umbhali iba nokuthatha inxaxheba intshukumo ophikisana eUkraine kwaye ujongene neengxaki zentlalo. Ngowe-1987 esungula ekudalweni umbhali Ukrainian Cultural Foundation. Ngo-1990, wayishiya Communist Party.

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union akusekho omnye umbhali oselula uxakeke kwimisebenzi zopolitiko nezentlalo, ukubhala - ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ngexesha le minyaka, wapapasha incwadi zezincoko, leyo wavakalisa uluvo lwakhe malunga nekamva yelizwe lawo - "Yintoni siphila. Endleleni imvuselelo Ukrainian ".

Ngowe-1995 Olesya Gonchara uyile. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva ilitye lesikhumbuzo Gonchar yavulwa eyayiseKiev. Ngowe-2005 waba kokufa imbasa kwisihloko Hero ka Ukraine. Imbeko yombhali ogama kwizitalato izixeko ezithandathu ezinkulu Ukraine, ipaka mnye, amathala eencwadi ezine, iyunivesithi kunye nezikolo ezininzi. Name Olesya Gonchara amabhaso ezintathu zoncwadi, ngokunjalo imali yemfundo karhulumente ezine. Ukongeza, s. Ezomileyo, nto leyo wathabatha indawo yabantwana abasaqalayo umbhali, oko imyuziyam.

Oles Honchar - Umbhali kwetalente omkhulu, ngegalelo lakhe iincwadi Russian, eUkraine, Belarus kunye namanye amazwe kubalulekile ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa utshintsho kubomi bentlalo ezininzi imisebenzi yakhe ixesha elide njengokuba ezifanelekileyo njengoko ngexesha wopapasho. Enoba kunjalo, funda iincwadi lo mbhali nje kuphela aqhelane nobomi babantu abaqhelekileyo ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War kunye nexesha kwemfazwe, kodwa kumane italente nanto zombhali.