I-Memo, eyakhiwa ngu-Ulugbek, - i-Observatory (iSamarkand, Uzbekistan): inkcazelo, imbali kunye nezinto ezinomdla

E-Uzbekistan kukho idolophu enkulu kunye nenhle yeSamarkand, edla ngokuba ngumboniso ovulelekileyo. Kwaye oku akukhawulezi nangoko. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, le migaqo yayiyinye yezona zonqulo ezinamandla kakhulu, ezentlalo, ezenkcubeko nezenzululwazi zaseAsia. Emva kokuba izazinzulu kunye namazwe ahlala kwintsimi yawo, yenziwe apha kwizinto ezizodwa kwaye zakha izakhiwo ezintle. Igalelo elikhethekileyo kwisayensi lenziwe ngumlawuli wakwa-Muhammad Taragai, owaziwa ngokuba ngu-Ulugbek. I-observatory, eyakhiwe nguye, ithathwa njengenye yezinto eziphambili zesixeko. Isityebi semveli nesenkcubeko.

Kancinci malunga nomlawuli oyimbali

U-Muhammad Taragai wayengumzukulu ku-Amir Timur omkhulu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe bokuqala, wabonisa umdla omkhulu kwisayensi ezahlukeneyo kunye nomnqweno omkhulu wolwazi. Le nkwenkwe yayingeyindalo engumntu oyinqobe, njengomkhulu wakhe obalaseleyo - uTamerlane. Ukufundisa ngomlawuli wexesha elizayo waseSamarkand lwenziwa ngabafundisi bezona zihlandlo. Ootitshala bangabangela ukuba bathande inzululwazi nobugcisa.

Esemncinci, waya kunye nomkhulu wakhe kwelinye iqela elinobudlova. Ukuhamba, ndabona isakhiwo esingavamile ulugbek. I-observation, eyakhiwe ngabaososayensi base-Azerbaijan, yancoma le nkwenkwe ngokuklama kwayo nobuhle bayo. Kunokuthiwa kwakuloo mzuzu entliziyweni ye-Muhammad Taragai encinci ukuba iphupha leziko elifanayo lenzululwazi lihleli. Emva kwexesha u-Ulugbek waba ngumbusi waseMaverannahr, inkunzi yakhe yayinguSamarkand. Waqala ukuguqulela ngokuqinisekileyo izicwangciso zakhe ezindala.

Imbali yokwenza iphupha lobomi bonke

Ukwakhiwa kwesi sakhiwo kwaqala ngo-1420. Umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwawo wenziwa malunga neminyaka emithathu. Izazinzulu kunye neenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi zanikela kakhulu ekuyiyilweni kwesakhiwo, okwabangelwa iSamarkand Ulugbek Observatory njengesixhobo esilungileyo esilungiselelwe ukugcina iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingezantsi kunye nezangaphambili. Kwakuqulethwe ngamathathu ephantsi kwaye ibe nomlo wesilinda. Esi sakhiwo sasibetha ubuhle kunye nokuqala kwayo, njengoko ubugcisa balo abuzange bufane neendawo zendalo zakwaMpuma ophakathi. Esi sakhiwo esihle kakhulu sasihlala i-goniometer eninzi kwiindonga zayo, i-radius yayo ingaphezu kwama-40 m. Siyabulela kule fowuni kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa ubude beempawu zezulu ngexesha lokuhamba kwabo kwi-meridian yasezulwini.

Kwintsimi yeli sayensi yezenzululwazi yazama ukuchitha ixesha lakhe elingenamsoco ulugbek. I-Observatory yaba yindlu yakhe yesibili kuye. Wazama ukuvuselela oososayensi kwizinto ezintsha zokufumana, njengomzekelo, kwaye wayekhokeli wenzululwazi malunga nayo yonke imisebenzi kunye nezifundo. Kodwa umsebenzi oqhubekayo ngemicimbi yombuso wawuphanga umlawuli wamandla amaninzi nexesha, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha wayetyelelwa ngcamango malunga nokuvalwa kweziko lezenzululwazi. Ngethamsanqa, enye yeenkwenkwezi zokuqala zeenkwenkwezi yakwazi ukumkholisa kunye nokutshintsha ukutshintsha kwesigqibo sakhe u-Ulugbek. Ukuqwalasela emva kokufumana amandla amatsha. U-Muhammad Taragay wadala imisebenzi yakhe yenzululwazi ngenxa yolu lwakhiwo olulodwa. Kwaye wehla kwimbali nje nge-astronomali enekhono, umphandi nombalo.

Isiphumo esilandelayo

Nangona u-Ulugbek wazibonakalisa njengomlawuli onobuntu kunye nomntu onobulungisa, ngelishwa, akusiwo wonke umntu othanda indlela yakhe yezopolitiko. Abantu abaninzi babenomdla wokucinga ukuba uchitha ixesha elide kwisayensi kwaye akajongani kakhulu nemicimbi karhulumente. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1449 unyana wakhe uAbd Latif, owangena kwisicatshulwa esincinci kunye nabachasi bakhe, wabulala u-Muhammad Taragai waza wabamba amandla.

Naphezu kweziganeko ezinjalo, i-Observatory ye-Ulugbek yaqhubeka isebenza kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo. Kodwa kungekudala intshutshiso yabasosayensi yaqala, yabanyanzelela ukuba bangashiyi kuphela le ndawo yenzululwazi, kodwa kunye noSamarkand. Isakhiwo ngokwaso, esakhiwe ngumhloli omkhulu kunye nomlawuli, sahlala sishiywe ixesha elide. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, i-Observatory ye-Ulugbek yachithwa phantse emhlabeni, kwaye emva koko isiseko sahlala kuphela.

Ukuphanda kwekhulu lokugqibela

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX, i-archaeologist nomphandi uL. V. Vatkin ixesha elide babengenakufumana indawo apho le ndawo yesazinzulu yayimi khona. Isalathiso sesakhiwo sasendulo safunyanwa ngenxa yecandelo elilodwa, eliye lazinikela ngala mazwe kwaye lalinomxholo wekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Isigaba sokugqibela sokucocwa senziwa ngowe-1948. Ngethuba lo msebenzi, iziqwenga zesakhiwo zafunyanwa, apho kwakukho i-observatory ye-Ulugbek (Uzbekistan). Kwakhona, i-goniometer edumileyo, ekhankanywe ngasentla, yafunyanwa. Le fowuni igcinwe kakuhle kwicandelo elingaphantsi kwesakhiwo. Ngoku kukho umboniso kwiziko lenkcubeko laseSamarkand.

Imemori

Kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 ekhulwini lokugqibela, kufuphi neendawo eziqhelekileyo zesayensi ye-medieval, i-museum yavulwa. Wabizwa ngokuba ngu-Ulugbek. Ingaphakathi yesakhiwo ihlotshiswe ngeefrescoes ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezibonisa ixesha elivela ebomini lomlawuli omkhulu kunye neenkwenkwezi. Ukuboniswa kuqulethwe iifoto ezithathwe kwiindawo zokucima, kunye neempahla zeenkwenkwezi zakudala kunye neetafile zamabandla asezulwini. Ngo-2010, kufuphi neyamyuziyamu yakha isikhumbuzo ngokuhlonipha uMaram Taragay.

Inyaniso

Kucacile ukuba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wesayensi we-Ulugbek ubomi obupheleleyo wapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe. Oku kwenzeke kuphela kuba enye yeenkwenkwezi zakwazi ukumthabatha ngaphandle kweSamarkand xa izazinzulu zatshutshiswa. Ngoko ke, "iNew Hurricane Table of Astronomical Table" yashicilelwa e-Istanbul kwaye yaqhubeka iyingqayizivele kwiminyaka emininzi ekhethekileyo kwimihlobo yayo. Siyabulela kule khathalogu ukuba uluntu luye lwafunda ukuba inkwenkwezi unyaka wee-365 iintsuku kunye neeyure ezingama-6.

I-Ulugbek Observatory (iSamarkand, i-Uzbekistan) isakhiwo esihloniphekileyo, ngaphakathi kweendonga zayo ezininzi izigqibo zenziwe kwaye kwenziwe uphando, oluye lwaba lugalelo olugqithiseleyo kwingxowa-mali yoluntu ngolwazi lweenkwenkwezi.