Ingxaki yabantu ehlabathini: indlela phambili

Inani labantu iplanethi yethu ityhalela rhoqo, oko kukuthi, iikopi izizukulwana ngezizukulwana, ukutshintsha ngokomgangatho nangokobungakanani, kubandakanywa, ngenxa yokufuduka - iintshukumo indawo. Ngenxa yoko, imeko demographic phantsi emhlabeni. Ingxaki yabantu, kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukutya, amandla, izinto zokwenza imveliso, kwakunye nomba ukugcinwa koxolo kwezixhobo ayifunayo ukuze isisombululo yabo imigudu oqhelekileyo uluntu ehlabathini.

Ngokukhawuleza ukwanda abantu ehlabathini, enkulu kuzo (ukuya ¾) zenzeka ekuphuhliseni, kunye nenqanaba ongaphuhliswanga lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho umva lizwe, ukudala ingxaki yehlabathi ngokwedemografi, ukubaluleka nokubaluleka leyo uyavunywa onke amazwe ukuba iingalo ubuhlanga kunye nokwanda ungquzulwano ngokukodwa kula mazwe ngokwaneleyo, ekhokelela iindleko eziphathekayo enkulu, zisiba amathuba okukhula koqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo. Ingxaki yabantu kula mazwe yeyona enxulumene iingxaki zokhuseleko lokutya, okusingqongileyo, ukubonelelwa kwemfundo, yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zendalo, umgangatho wobomi kunye nengqesho. Ipesenti ephezulu yabantu abatsha kula mazwe (40% sabantu abaminyaka ingaphansti kwama-15 ubudala) zivumelekile ukuba ukugcina isimo amazinga aphezulu yokukhula kwenani labantu. imfuduko ongalawulekiyo ezidolophini similise ukusuka elihle iziganeko ezimbi.

EJapan, iYurophu kunye amanye amazwe kwi ico nge-imi- 80 lwekhulu XX. kukho ingxaki zendawo, esizibonakalisa wokwehla yabantu yokusebenza-yobudala ngenxa ukukhula kade, ukwaluphala nokudodobala kwabantu zendalo. Ingxaki yabantu (okt ukuncitshiswa sabantu abasebenzayo) kula mazwe kugqitywa ngawo ukungena abafuduki abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo. ukuguga elibonisa (ngaphezu kwe-12% abemi engama-60 nangaphezulu-7% - kwiminyaka engama-65) - yinkqubo yendalo, apho kusebenza njengentsika lokuphucula umgangatho wobomi, inkqubela zonyango kunye nezinye izinto ezinegalelo ayolule ubomi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi. Ngoko ke, ingxaki yezibalo global:

a) okukhawulezileyo ezilawulwa kakuhle nokukhula abantu kumazwe asakhasayo;

b) kubemi ukuguga kumazwe yaye kumazwe anoqoqosho akutshintsho.

Kucacile ukuba ngesisombululo iingxaki ezininzi kangaka kuphela iinzame ezibambeneyo yalo lonke uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngowe-1969, phakathi-sikhokelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN), i-UN Foundation yadalwa, benza kwinkalo yemisebenzi yabantu emhlabeni kunye nokuqhuba kwiNkomfa yeHlabathi phantsi kwephiko layo. - Bucharest (Romania), ngo-1984 - ngo-1974, ezintathu iinkomfa ezinjalo ziye zabanjwa kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, City Mexico (Mexico), ngo-1994 - e Cairo (Egypt).

Ubunzima esiphambili kwiNkomfa yeHlabathi yokuqala lwaluquka ekusombululeni iingxaki abafakwa: ukusetyenziswa esemthethweni kumazwe abo yabasebenzi ngaphakathi, ekulweni ucalucalulo kuluntu kwaye kwimarike yemisebenzi, ukukhusela amalungelo abo kunye nabo neentsapho zabo.

Phakathi iinkomfa yokuqala neyesibini luphawulwa ngokwandisa inani iimbacu ehlabathini, kunye nezinye iingxaki oko kubonakaliswe ngethuba kwinkomfa e Mexico City (1984). Emva koko wanikelwa (kwaye kwamkelwa) indlela omtsha ekuqonda ukwahlukana kweentshukumo labantu ngamazwe.

Kwi the Third International Conference ngo-1994 e Cairo, yamkela iNkqubo unyaka-20 of Action, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imfuno eziphambili kwezopolitiko ehlabathini - ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Oku kugxininiswa ukuba ukufudukela kufuneka ibe nempembelelo entle, kwamnceda umba yophuhliso nabafuduki-ezifumana States.

Kuzo zonke neenkomfa wathetha nemiba ukusweleka kunye nokuchuma, ukwanda koluntu, kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nemfuduko.

Ingxaki yabantu loluntu It ingasombululwa. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ngokutsho isiCwangciso yeHlabathi ayifunayo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ezentlalo nenguqulo kwezoqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo. inkqubo yocwangciso Family iya kunceda ekuphuculeni imo ukuzala.

Ingxaki yabantu kunye amazinga ukuzalwa aphezulu e-China, ulawulo lokuzalwa iyatyhilwa: usapho akavumelekanga ukuba abe ngaphezulu kwe-1 umntwana. Iintsilelo ezikhoyo iNo ka-Indiya, ngexa kumazwe aphuhlileyo yaseYurophu (Germany, Denmark, France), phezu koko - ukuba iintsapho kunye nabantwana-2 okanye ngaphezulu, banikwe izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo.