Njengoko iiseli ezintsha esakhiwe mitosis: iimpawu kunye nexabiso inkqubo

Elinye lamanqaku edume yeseli ingcamango enjengesakhiwo ingxelo malunga ukubonakala iiseli ezintsha ukusuka kumthombo, oko umzali. Kodwa oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngeendlela ezimbini. Omnye wabo mitosis. Yena ke kubalulekile ukuba inkqubo lokwanda ngohlobo lwazo. Zeziphi iiseli kwakheka nge mitosis, yintoni na inani kunye iimpawu inkqubo yabo - konke oku kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu kweli nqaku.

Umjikelo cell

Iseli ye nayiphi ephilayo ekwaziyo ezikhoyo umsantsa phakathi ezimbini yokuwela layo okanye ukusuka ekuqaleni kwenkqubo ukuya mzuzu yokufa. Eli nyathelo inexesha umjikelo iseli. Le nkqubo iquka amanyathelo yenkqubo kunye nexesha lokuphumla elithile phakathi kwabo, nto leyo kuthiwa interphase hlula. Kweli xesha lokukhula iseli kwaye ukuyilwa kwezondlo.

Kodwa ke enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo yinkqubo kabini macromolecules DNA. Kukho zombhalo lonke ulwazi yemfuza esiseleni.

Njani na division cell

Nge meiosis phinda isidoda iqanda. Undoqo yale nkqubo ukuyilwa gametes ezine haploid kwiseli unina kunye iseti kabini zofuzo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu ibizwa ngokuba meiosis. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ngexesha ukuchumisa iiseli ngesondo, umzimba entsha, equlethe isiqingatha yemfuza ukusuka kumama notata. Kwaye oku kunokwenzeka kuphela phantsi komqathango wokuba gametes zibe haploid.

Zeziphi iiseli kwakheka nge mitosis? Impendulo elula diploid, oko kukuthi, kunye iseti chromosome kabini. Le nkqubo kwakhona kubalulekile. Eyona nto kukuba ngenxa mitosis wavelisa iiseli ukuba ikopi ngqo umzali. Bonke bephela somatic.

Izigaba mitosis

Inkqubo yokwakha ezintsha iseli somatic iquka izigaba ezininzi. ubude yabo yonke, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo ephilayo yahluka ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa iiyure eziliqela.

Isanda kuthiwa prophase. Ngeli xesha kukho intsontelo chromatin ukugangatheka, ukuncitshiswa nucleoli, mitotic edibanise ukwakhiwa. shell core disintegrates ngenxa zofuzo kweyela kukho icytoplasm.

Inqanaba lesibini kuthiwa metaphase. kubume bayo siyifumana kwakusakhiwa zofuzo-moya efanayo kuze kuqhotyoshelwe kubo imisonto yokuluka. Oku kulandelwa anaphase, nto leyo isigaba kakhulu babephila-mfutshane. Ngenxa mitosis livelise iiseli ukusekwa ngokupheleleyo intombi. Le nkqubo iphela kwinyathelo telophase. Xa chromosome efanayo dispiralized. Sekukancinane ayibonakali phantsi neemicroscope ukukhanya. Okulandelayo, malunga chromatids uqalisa ukwakha engundoqo iqokobhe kunye hlula edibanise ubalekela kancinci.

Zingaphi iiseli ezenziwa mitosis

Mitosis njengendlela ukwahlulwa iiseli eukaryotic yeyona ixhaphake kakhulu kwindalo. Ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezilahlekileyo okanye ezonakeleyo na umzimba kanye ngenxa yale nkqubo. Ngenxa yoko leeseli mitosis ezimbini intombi akhiwa ngumzali omnye. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa kabini le iimolekyuli DNA kwi interphase komjikelo yeseli, kusekho diploid chromosome iseti.

Mitosis - isiseko zonke iintlobo yokuzala maqanda: kwezityalo - kwizityalo, ukwahlulwa iseli ibe ngamaqela amabini - elula, multi-yokwahlulahlula - le ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni seengcongconi, ibihlungu - umngundo kunye yefeni, yavelisa amagqabi - coelenterates.

Ukubaluleka yezinto eziphilayo mitosis

Iiseli kwakheka nge mitosis kunye efanayo chromosome kumiselwa umzali. Ngenxa yoko inkqubo lokudlulisela ulwazi yemfuza, kungakhathaliseki iyantlukwano ezininzi kangakanani isigxina na kwenziwa. Ngethuba lale nkqubo angazange agungqe kuyo kunye nenombolo zofuzo, kunye nolandelelwano nucleotides e iimolekyuli DNA.

Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba mitosis ukusuka kwiseli enye wambumba intombi ababini ekunabiseleni ngokupheleleyo yokuqala. Oku kuqinisekisa Ukuzinza karyotypes kwaye efunekayo ngpahmbi ngobukho zonke izinto eziphilayo lonke ixesha uphuhliso lwabo ngamnye kunye nembali.