Apho ukudandatheka? imisele ocean Deep

Iminyaka emininzi iinzulu zolwandle esifubeni abantu. Amanzi, njengokuba sisazi, ithatha ngaphezulu 2/3 ye ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ngoko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlola ixesha elide kakhulu. Imikhombe ocean Deep mihla ngoka Abaphengululi abaninzi. Akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuba uluntu sele kudala wafuna ukwazi ezingaziwayo. Ukongeza, emingxunyeni ezikwimephu esanda kutshanje.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke izakhono zobugcisa ukuvumela ukuba ukwanelisa ukwazi yakho. Iilwandle nangoku ngokuqinileyo ukugcina iimfihlelo ezininzi efihliweyo phantsi kwamanzi. Abantu kuphela kwenkulungwane ye-19, waqalisa ukuhlola kwekhosi ezinzulu neentlambo. Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka yanele ukuba ixesha elide ukuba izinto zeso sifundo.

Apho ukudandatheka

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emazantsi iilwandle - zithabazi, edulusele kubunzulu, owawumalunga namawaka amabini neemitha ukuya kwiimitha 6 emazantsi amacandelo furrowed ezithile, ezifana Undintshwenyisile, dimples ... Baye ezinzulwini ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ukuqanda ikakhulu kwiindawo ukuma komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwama-8 amawaka. Seemitha ubunzulu yabo.

Njani ukudandatheka

imbonakalo yabo edibene iinkqubo ezenzeka kumaxesha amandulo, xa Umhlaba wethu wabumba. Namhlanje Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso iminyaka xa emhlabeni, kungekho olwandle. Nangona kunjalo, la maxesha aba.

Abantu azikabi ukufumana ukufikelela kulwazi ezininzi malunga neenkqubo ezenzeka kwindalo iphela. Noko ke, ukuzalwa iiplanethi siyazi into. Makhe ushiye bucala ingcamango laphezulu ngako oko akucingayo ngesayensi. Womxhuzulane, nto leyo yaba negalelo kakhulu, curl tangles izijikelezi ukusuka ilifu abandayo irhasi kunye nothuli. Le nkqubo ibe ngcono iqondwe sinombono yinkosikazi iqengqelekile intlama Bun. Kakade ke, ezi iibhola zifunyenwe kwi imilo efanelekileyo. Noko ke, noko ukuhamba yonke iphela.

mlilo Education

Izibilini umhlaba ngexesha kwiminyaka yokuqala billion zehambo va seliphantse ukugqitha ngamandla. Kuye yachatshazelwa amandla ucutheko omxhuzulane kunye ukubola radioactive zonke izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ubomi obude. Ngelo xesha izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezinjalo ukuba abaninzi kakhulu. Kuyabonakala ukuba, izibilini umhlaba ngoko, into njengeziko yenyukliya - linyibilike inxalenye engentla yokwaleka komhlaba. Ke kaloku, kwabakho awaqala ngazo xesha ukwenza mlilo. izixa Huge gesi, uthuthu umphunga wamanzi waqala babaphosela phezulu. Kwaye phezu kwamaxandeka mlilo elibaleka udaka lomlilo-uphefumlayo.

Ukubonakala amachibi kunye primary Ocean

iplanethi yethu ligutyungelwe okwenkungu ngenxa yezi nkqubo. Anyamalala emva kwamafu, bekwelo nabo, ukongeza igesi mlilo, izihlwele ezikhulu umphunga wamanzi. Kufuneka kuthiwa ngaloo mihla ihlabathi eshushu. Izazinzulu waqhuba isifundo, olufumene ukuba iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni jikelele kwiminyaka yokuqala billion yobomi bakhe abazange ngaphezulu 15 ° C.

Zomphezulu koMhlaba amathontsi condensate wokuwa apholisayo zomphunga. Ngenxa yoko, oko iqala kuqala igqunyelelwe amachibi elahlukileyo nezadunge. Ekuqaleni, lo phezu komhlaba, njengoko nina ngoku uyazi, wayengekho gingxi kunye. Nangona kunjalo, ezi izitenxo zinyuke ngenxa mlilo. Amanzi bayizalisa misinga of ezinzulwini ezahlukeneyo. Zonke elikhulu iba ichibi eyahlukileyo, logama nje yokuba ziyadityaniswa. Ngoko kwasekwa ulwandle zaseprayimari. Incazelo ngasentla, wanikwa Otto Yulevichem Shmidtom, isazinzulu eSoviet. Kakade ke, lo mbono na impikiswano, kwakunye naziphi na ezinye ezifana nayo. Noko ke, akukho namnye belingekawakhuphi ubeke phambili uguqulelo zincomeka.

ukudana ziitectonic plates

Ngoku uyazi indlela ekwenzeka ngayo misinga. Baya ekunciphiseni kumphezulu womhlaba. Apho ukudandatheka? Bona bamfumana phezu komhlaba naphezu kolwandle kunye neelwandle. imvelaphi yazo ikakhulu ziitectonic plates. Ngamanye amazwi, inxulunyaniswa umsebenzi we-mlilo iplanethi yethu. Ngoko ke misinga ziitectonic plates baninzi kakhulu. Zimele iindawo apho yeengcaciswana elide ukwehlisa kuqweqwe lomhlaba ngenxa kwiinkqubo eziqhubeka kwindawo yokwaleka (inxalenye yayo ephezulu, leyo kuthiwa asthenosphere).

astenosphere

Igama elithi "asthenosphere" lisuka kumagama amabini Greek. Omnye kubo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "amandla", kwaye eyesibini - i "ibhola". Malunga 800-900 km astenosphere ubukhulu. Yeyona nxalenye Nokukhuza ngaphantsi komhlaba. Asthenosphere ingaphantsi ezishinyeneyo ngaphezu kumazantsi ingubo. Ngaphezu koko, akukho elastic ngakumbi, ukusukela ubunzima balo ugcwalisa daka otyhidiweyo leyo linentsusa enzulu. Le asthenosphere rhoqo kwenzeka ukuba nencindi izinto uphawu. Ngoko ke, daka ezinambuzelayo lonke ixesha. Ke uya ezantsi, ngoko liphuma.

lithosfere

Ngubo ukholosile efihla iqokobhe eqinileyo eziprintiweyo kuqweqwe, Ebubanzini apho ukuya ku-70 km. qweqwe lomhlaba kunye ingubo yokwaleka kunye yakha lithosfere. Eli gama kwakhona imvelaphi yamaGrike, kwaye iqulathe amagama amabini. Eyokuqala them - "ilitye", kwaye eyesibini - "Sphere". Udaka otyhidiweyo, ezinyuka ziye phezulu ezinzonzobileni, yandise (ukuya zaphuka) uqweqwe. Inkoliso yezi Ukophuka olwenzekayo ezinzulwini zolwandle. Ngamanye amaxesha movement magma nokuba kukhokelela utshintsho isantya ojikeleza ngaso, kwaye kungoko nemilo yayo.

Lithosfere - akukho iqweqwe eyohlobo olulodwa oluqhubekayo. It iqulathe 13 amacwecwe amakhulu - iibloko, ogama ubukhulu kukuba ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya kwi-100 km. Zonke ezi macwecwe lithospheric Sinawo uqweqwe yolwandle nezelizwekazi. I inkulu yabo American, Indo-Australia, Antarctic, yaseYurophu kunye Pacific.

movement ipleyiti kunye misinga ezinzulu

Kwixesha elidlulileyo elikude kwakukho lichaza ezahlukeneyo iilwandle kunye amazwekazi, ngenxa esityeni motion. Kule mihla, ngokuthe ngcembe yehlukana waseMerika Afrika. Plate american ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise kancinci ukuya Pacific, eYurophu ihamba kufutshane-Afrika, i-Pacific and Indo-Australia.

iintshukumo ezingu ngenxa umsebenzi ziitectonic plates yabonwa kuwo onke amaxesha embali iplanethi yethu. Ukuqanda nabo bakha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Bona luphawulwa yobudala ahlukeneyo zejoloji. Mlilo kunye sedimentary gcwalisa ukuqanda ubudala. Kwaye ke mncinane ibonakala ngokucacileyo kuchazwe isimo se iplanethi yethu. Ngoko ke, abaphandi ngokulula ukufumanisa apho kukho misinga ezinzulu.

ifomu ukuqanda

Ukwehlisa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba masivalwe ezivela macala onke, yaye inkoliso yabo. Kaninzi bafikelele kuzo amakhulu khilomitha, ubuncinane - iwaka. Njengomgaqo, uhlobo babo kwiinkalo thile ye uqweqwe iplanethi yethu kaThixo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ajikelezayo, maxa wambi - elimbhoxo. Kodwa iibhanti mobile, apho ukudandatheka, bona babe imilo yomgama. Kwakhona, badla zibenze iimpazamo.

imisele

Ukudakumba - ayikho kuphela isalathiso sinomdla izinto zejoloji na. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, esalatha kubo, kaninzi bathi, "imingxuma". Into yokuba lo mbono edlulisela ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi indlela kwemingxuma hlobo. Kukho ezininzi kule ndawo, utshintsho phakathi olwandle kunye nemisinga. Ingakumbi ezininzi emkhombeni olunzulu-Pacific. Kukho 16 nezitya. Kukho kwakhona kumkhombe enzulu Atlantic (ka-3). Yona i-Indiya, apha kukho omnye kuphela kwisisu.

Ubunzulu emikhumbini libalulekileyo idlula amawaka 10. Zokulinganisa. Bona akhiwe lwePasifiki, nto leyo omdala. Mariana Trench (kwimaphu, eboniswe ngasentla), emkhombeni zinzulu ababezazi, kubekwe apha. "Challenger Deep" - igama kwaso ezinzulu. ubunzulu bayo 11 thous. M. Le ntlambo igama lawo evela Mariana Islands, ebekwe ecaleni kwayo.

Imbali ekufundweni Mariana Trench

Izazinzulu ziye zaqala ukuba aphande lo mba ngo-1875. Kungelo xesha "Challenger", indawo corvette waseBritani, hlala iqashiso anzongonzongo, leyo uqinisekile ukuba ubunzulu wayo 8367 m. The British ngowe-1951 waphinda amava, kodwa eli xesha asebenzisa sonar. kubunzulu obukhulu, apho wagqiba eseneminyaka eli-10 863 leemitha. Uphawu entsha yabhaliswa ngo-1957. Kuye kwamiselwa uhambo Russian, apho waya kumkhombe enqanaweni "Vityaz". A irekhodi entsha obeziimitha 11.023 Kutshanje, ngo-1995 no-2011, izifundo ezenziweyo, wabonisa iziphumo zilandelayo -. 10 920 no-10 994 leemitha, ngokulandelelana. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubunzulu Mariana Trench ngakumbi.