South Georgia kunye South Sandwich Islands. ulwandle Atlantic

Ngelo kwindawo yomzantsi i-Atlantic Ocean kwiindawo mihle komhlaba imvelaphi mlilo: South Georgia kunye Archipelago Sandwich. Yintoni esiyaziyo ngabo? Ingaba la magama abaye njani, lo discoverer lowo nento iyamangalisa? Makhe sihlolisise le iqhekeza Atlantic.

South Georgia: inkcazelo kunye nemozulu

South Georgia, kunye George - siqithi-ezifana iparadesi ngenxa yoonombombiya kunye lamatywina, kwakunye Nqabakazi kwegama elifanayo, nto leyo ubunjwe ziziqithi 9 uvalwe 4. Kulapha ukuba amathanga inkulu zisetyenziswa kuyo ezi zilwanyana. I siqithi ngaphezulu kwe 3500 km ^2, kwaye uninzi lwalo ehlanganiswa ubulembu eyetundra ulele. iimeko zezulu musa ukuvumela inama yembonakalo ezintle zendalo.

Nazi esinendawo eziqhelekileyo yolwandle alekwe ingca entle, kwaye kumathafa, akukho imithi namatyholo. Inxalenye siqithi kwintaba ephakame kwiimitha 300 ngentla komgangatho elwandle, wayifulela umkhenkce obungunaphakade. Wona lo mhlaba ezinobungozi kakhulu abantu. Rocks, umoya obandayo kunye imozulu rhoqo welifu ikhephu okanye akukho mntu entle yimikhwitsho egudileyo yaye ngokuqinisekileyo kunye musa ukuba bahlale kule siqithi. Ngoko ke, oko ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-30 kuphela. Olwandle akuthethi ngumkhenkce phezu, kuphela bay lisenokuvalwa ixesha inceba ngumkhenkce.

South Sandwich Islands: Inkcazelo

Yintoni na le phawu ethile? Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo Atlantic Ocean kwimephu yehlabathi, le Nqabakazi ise kakhulu emazantsi yayo, kumgama km 570 ukusuka eGeorgia. Xa indawo, kuba Nqabakazi encinane ulwandle (ezingama-310 km ^2), eziquka iziza 13 ezincinane komhlaba. arc saa ziziqithi mlilo zona nabemi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ingemiwa. Le kwikona umhlaba omiweyo yi kwezilo malilungiselelwe bume ezinzima Arctic. Njengokuba esondezela abantu, Islands Sandwich umdla ubukhulu becala kuphela zebhayoloji. Into yokuba apha uhleli elona nani likhulu le ntaka ehlabathini. Kwakhona, le kumanxweme onamatye abanyulwa lamatywina, ukumkani yoonombombiya kunye nezinye abemi sezulu Arctic.

I siqithi sikhulu lencinibakazi - Montagu - eyaziwa mlilo zayo esebenzayo. mlilo Last kwenzeka ngo-2008. Yi vekeleke, le Islands Sandwich aphakanyisiweyo ukwandiswa Andes, ibekwe eMzantsi Merika. La mazwe bavelelwa kuphela yi-Arctic hambo. Ngenxa kufutshane imisinga ezibandayo Ncebakazi subantarctic of icebound ukususela ngoMeyi de ekuqaleni kukaDisemba.

History of izovela

Ngokutsho assumptions, kwisiqithi South Georgia yavulwa ngo-1675 egameni yonke yomrhwebi Entoni De la Roche. Wemka ngomkhombe e Chile eBrazil indlela sisaqhwithi enogonyamelo, leyo yena wamgxotha ukuya ngasempuma. Iqela libe nakho ukuthatha indawo yokusabela ethekwini esiqithini ongaziwayo, ukuba wenjenje oovulindlela. ummandla womhlaba sele ogama lakhe behlonipha Roche. iminyaka eli-100 kuphela kamva, ngowe-1775, xa uhambo lwakhe lwesibini kweli isiqwenga somhlaba kwafika odumileyo Dzheyms Kuk. Yaba nguye lowo wachaza siqithi, ambetha kwimaphu. Ngaphezu koko, ukulandela imithetho yaseBritani, umhloli owakuxelayo oko kwi-UK, wayinika igama layo imbeko King George.

Ke Dzheyms Kuk ziyahlolisiswa yaye ke Islands Sandwich, uvula inani kwiziqithi ezincinane igama kubo Sandwich Earth, kodwa kwabonakala inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kuzo ngo-1819. Ke uhambo various - Bellingshausen wavula kwiingingqi ezi-6 ngaphezulu encinci komhlaba. Ekubeni Atlantic Ocean kwimephu yehlabathi esinye leziqithi. Tshintsha ubume balo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. EBritani owned Sandwich Islands ukususela 1908.

emva kokuvula

Ngoko ke, amazwe ezintsha bubonakala asethi, yaye yintoni ukuba benze kuzo - ayaziwa. Ngenxa imozulu ngqwabalala ubomi 'Ncwadi kwiziqithi cishe kungenakwenzeka. Yokulinganisa Antarctic lisibeka iimeko zemozulu: iqondo lobushushu apho lingaphumi ngentla degrees 5 ehlotyeni nasebusika ayikho ngaphantsi kweqondo 2 Celsius. Kwaye sonke kungaba, kodwa imimoya ezingisayo ebandayo kunye nemozulu welifu ziviwa izidanga asezantsi ukuya -10. Zisindise ngokuya kwiziqithi ndawo, ngoko abantu sabetha apha nje zamanzi lokuzingela neengonyama ulwandle.

Kodwa kakhulu iye yatshintsha xa eqala whaling. Whaling fleet ekhangela wahlamba ngamaxhoba kakhulu kumzantsi-Atlantic, kwaye ukusukela 1904 kwisiqithi zokuhlala South Georgia yaqala ukubonakala. Umsunguli yokuqala ekwahlala Grytviken waba Norwegian kunye ngabemi yaseBritani Carl uLarsen.

qala whaling

Ukususela ngo-1904, e-George siqithi kwabonakala mveliso ezisixhenxe zokuloba. Nangona sezulu esiqatha, sperm ziyakhula, yaye lonke ixesha kwakukho malunga 1,000 abantu. In Grytviken ise elawula umzimba kwinkampani yokuloba Argentine. Bonke bephela babekwa kwitheku lukhuselwe kunxweme kumntla siqithi.

Sasisebenza kule nkampani ikakhulu eNorway. BEE sperm wanika irhuluneli IsiNgesi. Nangona isibakala sokuba waseNgilani wasekwa ngo-1909, kufuphi isiseko whaling iziko lolawulo Grytviken - King Edward Point, eziphantse owayelawula irhuluneli Falkland Islands.

War indawo

Argentina akazange waqaphela ilungelo lokuba i-UK ukusuka South Georgia South Sandwich Islands. amabango abo eyisa, ukususela 1938. Abanye nexesha kwiminyaka yoo-50, Argentina unyaka lesakhelo Tenniente-ESQUIVEL kwi-Gulf of Ferguson Bay kwisiqithi iThule, ibekwe emazantsi Sandwich Islands. Yaye ukususela ngowe-1976, yaye ngo-1982 waba lalikhona isiseko yomkhosi wamanzi "Corbett Uruguay." The British babeyazi kakuhle phambi Argentina endaweni yayo aphesheya, kodwa iindlela zomkhosi ukuphelisa akazange athathe.

Kwathi March 19, 1982. Ke iqela Argentina ebesizenza nabathengisi bezinto ezilahliweyo, wathabatha isiseko whaling ushiywe Gulf of Leith Harbour South Georgia. A 3 Epreli nkobe ahlala Grytviken.

British Marine ephinda Isiqithi Aprili 25, 1982. Iikhosi imisebenzi zomkhosi 13.000 amajoni aseBritani 20,000 abano babandakanywe. Ekubulaleni kwi imfazwe kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho utshintsho karhulumente Argentina kunye UK negalelo uloyiso ekukhuleni izwe. Omnye umbhali wathetha imfazwe: "kuvele ingxabano ababini kungachetywa ntloko ngenxa ikama." Kwaye ngokwenene kukho imfazwe ungenangqiqo, apho abantu babulawa. Kude kube 2001, kwakukho ikampu yasemkhosini encinane ngokusekelwe uKumkani Edward Point. Ngeli xesha, isiseko bafika nokutshitshiswa kwee-British Antarctic Survey.

iziqithi namhlanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezi ziqithi mlilo umdla ukuba iqondo elikhulu matutu zenzululwazi. Bona kubanjwe ehlotyeni izifundo zemozulu kwaye kugcinwa zenziwe amathanga ezizodwa zeentaka. Kwisiqithi South Georgia ifumaneka iprofayile kuphela Antarctica - ihashe enkulu. Kwakhona, iialbatross ezininzi zihlala apha, petrels, cormorants, ama kunye mantshontsho, ungabona ubuhle, yoonombombiya kunye rookeries emikhulu walruses namatywina.

Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi mlilo kwi Islands Sandwich, nto leyo liyasetyenziswa ukususela ifunyanwe, ubomi babantu abakwintsimi yabo phantse akunakwenzeka. Kodwa apha amane ibekwe hambo Antarctic. Kuba ixesha elithile eNgilani wayecebe kuphuhliso loshishino babakhenkethi kwezi ziqithi, kodwa uhambo eqolo.

izinto

Namhlanje kwisiqithi yoMzantsi Georgia, Grytviken kule lali, imyuziyam, apho uqhelane kunye nembali lencinibakazi. Abanye kwexesha eyadlulayo, saqalisa ukuba yakhiwe kutyumka isiseko sabo whaling ye ezinomtsalane basekuhlaleni. Kwakhona kwi siqithi sangcwatywa edumileyo nomhloli polar Ernest Shekelton kunye nomncedisi wakhe Frenk Uald. Ukanti nomtsalane yale eziphantse ezikude ezi amathanga yoonombombiya kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle. Kwaye kufuphi Islands Sandwich, Nani linganisani Edreyi zobungangamela - whale. Apha ke - ezinzima kakhulu kwezi ziqithi Atlantic.