Theory cell

Ukuvulwa kunye nokungeniswa elithi "iseli" ungowabantu uRobert Hooke. Nangona kunjalo, i-nzulu akukhathalwa (iseli) njengoko mgodini kwi (uniform) material eyohlobo olulodwa, nto leyo isityalo. iiseli Animal wachazwa kuqala Leeuwenhoek eyafumana iiseli ezibomvu kunye amadlozi. Instruments (iimikroskopu), apho kusetyenziswa abaphandi kwiinkulungwane 17-18, akavumelekanga ukuba ukuseka ethembekileyo naziphi na izinto zezo lobume yokungcoliswa ezigqeba izilwanyana.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izithako eengcambu kulula ngakumbi ziyafumaneka ukulungiselela isifundo, theory cell ulwazi saa kwaye unsystematic. Emva Hooke abaphandi bathi ukuba kwinyama zezityalo kufuneka isakhiwo esithile, ebonakala ngu phambi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iiseli ezahlukeneyo ezincinane. Kodwa ukufumana okanye naziphi na nentetho equkayo, evela imigqaliselo wenza ngoko wayengekho.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18, izifundo ezincinane zange anikwe nakuphi na ulwazi ngokomgangatho olutsha. kunye ekuqaleni iimikroskopu langabom kuphela ukufunda okuqhubekayo. Kwinkulungwane yama-30, engama-19 zezityalo aphambili ixesha ukuvumela nokomeleza ulwazi ngesakhiwo eziziziqalelo izityalo. Ekubeni iseli ufumana iwonga "izakhiwo eziziziqalelo". Ukusebenzisa indlela maceration (ukumnika) waphula kwingcinga yokuba kukho udonga eqhelekileyo amasuntswana ezincinane. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba iseli isakhiwo esivalekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, benawo Inkululeko ethile.

Igala G. and L. H. Treviranus zidiza ukuba izakhiwo yemifuno ezo nto ukubonwa yi isakhiwo zeselula, lisekwa ngxubevange iiseli ngamnye ekuqaleni. inkqubo esezantsi izuza ixabiso yecandelo morphological kunye nokomzimba, apho nethe elizimeleyo.

komzimba ngemikroskopu isilwanyana ubesoloko ethatha zifundwa zezikolo Muller Purkinje. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda ezineengongoma ezinobunyaniso sele iqokelelwe.

Ngqo ukwakhiwa iseli imfundiso ubume eziphilayo ezabakho Schwann (nzulu isiJamani, umphandi) ngo-1839. Ngenxa yokuba xa nzulu zophando olusekelwe phezu imisebenzi yezityalo Schleiden, indlela yokugqibela ithathwa ukuba co-ngumbhali Schwann.

theory cell gabalala lwe data ezininzi ngokusekelwe ukufana zezilwanyana kunye nemifuno nezakhiwo ezinesiqalelo. Kuye eqinisekisiwe kwaye indlela efanayo nokudaleka. Ngenxa yoko, Schwann cell lethiyori oluphawula iseli njengesiseko ezisebenzayo kunye noshowo a ophilayo.

Kamva, umphandi M. Badi ukusebenzisa olu lwazi ekufundeni umsebenzi olula. K. Siebold zigqityiwe (ngo-1845) indawo uhlobo elula single-elilodwa.

theory Cell, Noko ke, iye yahlaziywa kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Virchow (Isazinzulu isiJamani) abeke phambili hypothesis entsha. Ngokusekelwe data ezintsha, wagqiba ukuba iseli esenzelwa kuphela kwiiseli eyayivele. Virchow kwakhona abeke phambili hypothesis yokukhawulelana "nemeko cellular." Phantsi kwale vekeleke, lo eziphilayo multicellular kuquka iyunithi elizimeleyo noko, apho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo nabanye.

theory Cell wawubonisa umanyano morphological yonke indalo ephilayo. Oku, negalelo kuphuhliso kunye nokudityaniswa ingcamango yokuba izinto zazivelela.

theory iseli Modern isekelwe phezu izikhundla ezintathu.

Ngokutsho ithisisi yokuqala, ubume eziziziqalelo linxulumene zasendle le planethi. Ngamanye amazwi, eli lungiselelo ithi, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lobomi, uphuhliso noshowo, iimfuzo esebenza kuqinisekiswa kuphela kwiseli.

Ngokutsho kwisigxina yesibini, iiyunithi ezintsha eziziziqalelo lwenzeka kuphela ngokusekelwe kwisahlulo pre-ezikhoyo. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iiseli ukugcina ulwazi olufanayo eziphilayo, basebenzise le ngcaciso ekwenzeni imisebenzi yawo ngokusekelwe protein yokuqaphela.

Ngokutsho kwisigxina wesithathu, isakhiwo iyunithi lihambisana ephilayo multicellular, esibonakala ngumbutho ngendlela kunye nobulungisa.