Njani na iqondo lonaniso Central Bank of the Russian Federation, kwi "Forex" kunye MICEX?

amazinga Exchange sihlala kwimo kumahlandinyuka, khon 'ukuze uphephe iingozi endalo zemali kunye nezoqoqosho, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde indlela ukuqikelela kunye nendlela echaza indlela ekwenzeka ngayo izinga lotshintshiselwano.

Oku ingakumbi umba ezifanelekileyo namhlanje, xa eRashiya uzama ukufumana uphume ukuxhomekeka dollar, silandela inkqubo ezimeleyo. Ukuze uqonde ezinye iingxaki nazo kule ndlela olunameva, kufuneka uqonde indlela izinga lotshintshiselwano senziwa eRashiya kunye nehlabathi jikelele.

A incinane

Kude banesifo zenkulungwane lokugqibela, amazwe amaninzi utyando umgangatho ekuthiwa-igolide. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ngohlobo lwemali umxholo legolide ibimiselwe. Urhulumente kwakufuneka ukutshintsha imali yayo igolide. Ukuxhasa inkqubo yaqaliswa ubudlelwane engqongqo phakathi kwesixa-mali kweli lizwe kunye koovimba zayo ngegolide. Ngokutsho umxholo legolide nemilo ngokwamaqela abo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye dollar US Kwabekwa mabini anamithathu, anamanci mabini anababini hundredths nokhozo yegolide, kunye imina enye - ikhulu elinamanci elinesithathu iinkozo, oko kukuthi, hundredths point ezine asibhozo anesixhenxe kumaxesha. Ngokutsho ezi zibalo ukugqiba ikhosi, apho enye iponti wayelingana 4,87 zeerandi.

inkqubo igolide exchange angaphandle

Emva kokuba banesifo kunye Great Depression yango-America kumazwe amaninzi iye yasekwa igolide kunye nenkqubo lonaniso lwangaphandle apho iimali sele kwenziwa ngeendleko ubudlelwane ukuya lwemali bucala, nto leyo yaba dollar. Ukugcina uzinzo-ngeranti kwandinceda kumisa ngo-1944, i-International Monetary Fund. Xa iminikelo bema ngaphandle mboleko States abafumana ubunzima zemali.

Incopho system ngerandi

Njani na ngerandi? Ngeminyaka, ukuba indawo igolide kunye nenkqubo exchange angaphandle weza inkqubo exchange ezidadayo. intsingiselo yalo siyifumana ukuyilwa iirhafu exchange angaphandle ngenxa ukuzalana yonikezelo kunye nemfuneko, njengoko ngokhuselo istock exchange. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lonaniselwano akazange abe free ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokuba urhulumente ethile umda waba zixatyiswe (ukususela 1979 eYurophu), kunye Central Bank of eli lizwe, ukuququzelela izenzo zabo namanye amazwe, watshintsha ngokusemthethweni khosi. Ukuba utshintsho baba ukunciphisa, ngoko nokubonakalisa uxabiso nokwandisa - ukwehla. Umda ngamnye ofikelelwayo xa utshintsho ekhulwini ezimbalwa, kodwa ekupheleni koo, lenyuka ekhulwini elinesihlanu.

Vandlakanyo lutsha kunye ukwehla asingabo kuphela indlela yokungenelela karhulumente kwinkqubo echaza indlela ekwenzeka ngayo izinga lotshintshiselwano. Ukuthintela okunzulu bomelele ufake ngoncedo lwemali ebizwa ngokuba yiyo, apho, ukuba izinga lotshintshiselwano uyawa, bazithenga, kodwa ukuba okwahlukileyo - athengise.

Indlela akusoloko yimpumelelo, njengoko ngokubanzi abanini lwemali kazwelonke abawuthobeli imiyalelo oorhulumente zabo. Umzekelo, ukuba US iphakamisa imali-mboleko, izinga lenzala kweeyunithi emali ngaphandle US uhlala enye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba nomtsalane ngakumbi.

imiba jikelele eziphembelela ukuyilwa izinga lotshintshiselwano

Njani na izinga lonaniselwano kwi-stock exchange, ezibhankini karhulumente xa iyonke.

1. Ezithumela kwamanye amazwe. Amaxabiso aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa kwilizwe langaphandle, kokukhona baya kwamanye amazwe. Ngoko ke, ixabiso amazwe liya kuba phezulu.

   Ngokukhula ingeniso uya kwandisa imfuno asuka, zibangela uphelelo lwemali kazwelonke.

   Kwelinye icala, ixabiso phesheya ngemali angaphandle yokwehla ingeniso eliphezulu kuzwelonke.

2. ukuhanjiswa eyinkunzi. Ukuba oyifunayo, umtyali-mali kuya kufumana imali nangakumbi kwamanye amazwe imali, iidiphozithi, izabelo, iibhondi kunye nezibophelelo lonyuso ixabiso imali yelinye ilizwe.

   Kwelinye icala, iintlawulo nawuphi na urhulumente ukubethelela okunanisa imali yayo.

3. output Data and output data lokulinda. Le datha ifaka: kokupapashwa kumazwe bomkhosi, izikhombisi zoqoqosho, iingxelo zotshintsho kwenzala, izikhombisi zoqoqosho ezingundoqo ngaphezulu.

4. Umsebenzi. A amandla enkulu intshukumo lwemali exchange, iNgxowa ukusebenza xa utyalo ezimalini ezithile. Baye imithombo ezinkulu, nako ukwenza izifundo ukuya kuyo naliphi icala.

5. Imisebenzi bathengisela abangenisa. Zezona abasebenzisi zemali ezinomdla intengiso kunye nokuthengwa imali yelinye ilizwe. Noko ke, impembelelo oko azibalulekanga kwaye elifutshane, kuba umthamo umsebenzi wabo intengiselwano negligibly amancinane xa kuthelekiswa ne ngumthamo opheleleyo unaniso kurhwebo exchange angaphandle.

6. Iingxelo ze tipolitiki. Kwiintlanganiso ezahlukeneyo, iingqungquthela, iinkomfa ucofe njalo njalo ziyajongwa rhoqo kwiingxelo ezinjalo on-line, ngoko imarike lwemali nangoko Iba neziphumo ngokuxhomekeke ngamandla kweengxelo.

   Wonke ukhumbula Ekupheleni kuka-2014, xa Russian uMongameli V. V. Putin omnye umsebenzi wakhe nangoko yazinza le engange ( "rate ukuthetha '), ngaloo ndlela ukuyeka ukuhla yakhe ngokukhawuleza.

7. zebhanki Central. Indlela imiphumela yayo ezichazwe ngezantsi.

libhange

Cinga izinga lotshintshiselwano lwemali Central Bank indlela ekwenzeka ngayo.

State impembelelo kwi zemali nge iiBhanki ezingoovimba. Njengoko sele sibonile, kuba imeko ezinqabe kakhulu apho uRhulumente akazange ungenelele imisebenzi exchange angaphandle (Incopho karhulumente free). Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba maxa wambi kuchaphazela ekuhambeni (imeko lokudada amdaka), ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela indlela izinga lotshintshiselwano Central Bank yenziwe.

Xa umdla zemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa zikarhulumente ukuphumeza ummiselo ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. ulawulo ngqo kwenzeka isaphulelo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo exchange zongenelelo. ummiselo olungathanga ngqo kwezinga lokwenyuka kwamaxabiso, isixa semali ejikeleza ngaphandle kweBhanki kunye nangaphezulu.

CBR

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ekwenzeka ngayo izinga okunanisa CBR.

Yonke imihla ngaphandle veki, Central Bank umisela amazinga ezimali ezininzi nxamnye engange. I dollar nxamnye engange lizimisele ngokusekelwe kwindlela ziniki-maxabiso zaye zabanjwa malunga olwandulela Moscow Overnight Currency Exchange. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo euro. Ezinye iimali akhiwa umnqamlezo-iirhafu, umzekelo: umlinganiselo phakathi engange kunye kwezinye iimali, esekelwe kubudlelwane ukuya dollar.

Enyanisweni, indlela lwemali exchange rate ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation, ikwachaphazela neentengo kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba impahla ngaphezulu ithengiswa kunokuba wayithenga, kuya kuba ngcono ukuba imali yesizwe zawa, kwaye vice versa.

Ibhanki engundoqo icwangcisa ikhondo iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe mathathu ezimali. Le dollar, euro, lo yuan, lo franc Swiss, yen, lo hryvnia, kunye nabanye.

Ukususela ngo-2005, i-Central Bank wafudukela ibhaskithi dollar-euro. Kucingwa ukuba oko ekuzuzeni ulawulo dyondzisaka iqaphelwa ukukhula hexa. Izinga ibalwa ukusuka umlinganiselo yemarike Forex isibini lwemali yeyuro-dollar i MICEX engange uphindo nxamnye euro.

iibhanki

Njani izinga lotshintshiselwano kwiibhanki? Ezinye iibhanki banelungelo ukubeka iirhafu zabo. Baya kukulawula kumthululela kuthenga imali ngexabiso eliphantsi, wazithengisa - ngaphezu ixabiso ezinikezelwa yi-Central Bank.

MICEX

Njani na izinga lotshintshiselwano kwi MICEX - kananjalo mbuzo umdla.

Ukuthengisela exchange angaphandle kwi Moscow Overnight Currency Exchange lilawulwa yi-Central Bank, leyo uzalisekisa imisebenzi yawo ngokusekelwe umthetho federal nokunikezela uluntu, umthetho federal kwi ulawulo lwemali nolawulo.

forex

umntu engenalwazi ufumana kunzima ukuqonda indlela izinga lotshintshiselwano luqokelelane kwi-Forex.

ixabiso Forex kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe umiselwa lomzabalazo abathengi (okanye zeenkomo) kunye nabathengisi (okanye azale). Abantu bengakwazi ukuphembelela imeko kule emarikeni. Kuphela International Monetary Fund kunye iiBhanki ezingoovimba anganefuthe Dynamics kwamaxabiso, yaye kuphela kwixesha elifutshane.

Regularities ezichaza indlela izinga lotshintshiselwano yenziwe apha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Xa ibango ukunyuka lwemali, wenza ngoko ixabiso layo, yaye xa imfuno unciphisa, ngokulandelelana, kwaye ixabiso lifinyele.

• Xa nemfuno ekhulayo yokubakho imali, ixabiso layo uwe, kwaye xa unikezelo kusehla nje, ixabiso, phezu koko, uchatha.