Ngaba izina lomntu ligosa ngesiRashiya? Ngaba amabhinqa angamazwe angaphandle aguqa?

Kusuka esikolweni, abaninzi baye bafunda umgaqo wokuba xa ukuvakalisa nokubhala, amagama egama ngamabhinqa ayengathathi, kunye nomntu-ngokuchasene noko, njengezichazi-magama okanye izibizo. Ngaba konke kulula, nokuba ngaba amagama angaphandle angamazwi angaphandle aseRashiya - oku kuyintloko yale nqaku, ngokusekelwe kwimilografu yeL.P. Kalakutsk, epapashwe ngo-1984.

Kubaluleka kwengxaki

Kukho ezininzi iimeko apho upelo olufanelekileyo nolwazi oluchanekileyo lwamagama kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kubaluleke kakhulu:

• Umntwana waqala ukufunda esikolweni, kwaye kufuneka asayine incwadi okanye idayari ngokuchanekileyo.
• Insizwa okanye umntu omdala unikezelwa idiploma okanye ileta yokubulela.
• Kwimeko embi, bhengeza ukubonakala okanye ukubonakala kwendoda eneenkcukacha ezinzima. Kuyinto engavumelekanga ukuba iphosakele.
• Xa ukwenza amaxwebhu abalulekileyo (isitifiketi, idiploma) okanye ukulungiselela izixhobo zokwenza izibophelelo zentsapho (enkundleni, kwi-notary).
• Yazi ukuba amagama angamadoda athambekele, kubalulekile ukuba abantu basebenzi abaninzi bajongene nokuyila kweefayili zabo okanye ezinye iincwadi zamashishini.

Amagama aseRussia

Amagama amaninzi aqhelekileyo eRussia - kunye nezilwanyana- sk (-kk), os (-ev), kwi-(yn) : Razumovsky, Slutsky, Ivanov, Turgenev, Mukhin, Sinitsyn. Zonke zithembeka kalula, njengezichazi eziqhelekileyo, kubini besifazane kunye namadoda. Imbango yila magama eku--ov, -noku , ukuphela kwayo kwimeko yecala eliphambene noluhlu luhluke kwimveli.

Amagama angamazwe angaphandle kunye nesisombululo -in (-in) nayo ayifumananga neRashiya kwimeko yecala. Cinga ngomzekelo:

Ingaba amagama angamadoda aguqa-ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka, okwenzekayo eRashiya (iTolstoy, Berezhnaya, Sukhoi)? A bambalwa (kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi kwi-philology kukho uluhlu olupheleleyo lwabo), batshintsha ngokulula ngecala njengezichazi eziphelelweyo ezifanayo.

Amagama aseUkraine

Amagama amaninzi aseMukraine awaziwayo -enko kunye -ko : Bondarenko, Luchko, Molodyko. Ukuba ubheka iincwadi zaseRashiya, ngoko kwimisebenzi yobugcisa (AP Chekhov, umzekelo), abalobi baphatha ngokukhululekile ukubhala kwabo kwinguqu yesilisa kunye nobuninzi: "Makhe sihambele iBondarenkas".

Oku akuyinyani, kuba ukubhala ngokusemthethweni kuyahlukileyo kwimisebenzi yobugcisa kunye nentetho yomlomo. Impendulo yombuzo kukuba ingaba amagama angamadoda ase-Ukraine athambekele kwi-nenenko kwaye -ko , engabonakaliyo - akukho. Umzekelo:

• Ndibhalela ileta kuOleg Bondarenko.
• Unomdla kunye no-Ivan Luchko.

Kwaye oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iziganeko ezivela kwimvelaphi yaseUkraine, nangona kunqabile njengeAlekhno, Rushailo, Soap, Tolokno. Ungalokothi uvakalise amagama okugqibela e -ago, -u, -yago : Vodolago, Durnovo, Dubyago. Kwaye kuthekani malunga nezo ziphela kwiinconon?

Iqonga lomnxeba u-k

Ngokomlando, izilwanyana -uk (-yuk) zibonise ukuba zibandakanyekile okanye zidibaniselwano: unyana kaIvan-Ivanchuk, uMncedisi-Bondarchuk. Ngokwamazinga amaninzi, ayingxenye yentshona ye-Ukraine, kodwa isasazwa kuzo zonke iintlanga zaseSlavic. Ngaba amagama angamadoda aguqa?

Ngokomthetho wolwimi lwesiRashiya, amagama egama labasetyhini asitshintshi ngecala, kodwa amadoda aphelela kwiinconon (ukuphela-ekupheleni -ih, -hh) kunyanzelekile ukuba:

• Ndabhalela u-Olga Dimitryuk incwadi.
• Ndamenywa ukuba ndyelele u-Igor Shevchuk.
• Ndisandula kubona uSergei Ignatyuk.

Ukuxhomekeke ekutshintsheni kwimeko kunye nazo zonke izibhengezo ezibonakaliswe zizibizo: I-Mole, Wolf, Wind, iNsika. Kukho ubuqhetseba apha: ukuba igama linguSlavic, ngoko i-vowel ekhoyo kwingcambu ayigcinwanga. Kwimfuneko kubalulekile ukuyibeka, nangona imithombo emininzi ingacingi ukuba ukubiza kakubi ngaphandle kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, unokuqwalasela igama elithi Zayats. Idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo: "Wabiza u-Ivan Hare". Oku kuvunyelwe, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo: "Wabiza u-Ivan Hare."

Ukwabiwa kwi-Ukraine kunye nefowuni kwi -ok, -ik : Pochinok, Gorelik. Ukwazi umgaqo wokuba onke amagama abesilisa abanegama eligqityiweyo ekugqibeleni ahluke xa kunjalo, kulula ukuphendula umbuzo: ngaba amagama angamadoda athambekele kwi-- k:

• Wafika endlwini ka-Ilya Pochinka (apha i-vowel iyalala).
• Wayesazi kakuhle uLarissa Petrik .

Okungavumelekanga kumgaqo

AmaSlav amaninzi aphelelwa yintsapho -ih (-hh) : Mnyama, i-Ilinsky. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-20, amagama angamadoda anesiphelo esifanayo esoloko iguqulwa ngamatyala. Namhlanje, ngokwemiqathango yesiRashiya, oku kulungile.

Imvelaphi yale magama egqithisekayo kwisigxina sininzi ifuna ukulondolozwa kwabo ngabanye:

• Wabingelela uPetros uBely .

Nangona kukho isandi esivumelwaneni ekupheleni, oku kuhlukile kumgaqo omele uwaziyo xa uphendula umbuzo ukuba ngaba amagama angamadoda athathwe.

Ukusabalala okukhulu kunophelo -h : Stojkovic, Rabinovich, Gorbach. Nantsi umgaqo jikelele:

• Ulindele ukutyelela uSemyon Rabinovich.
• Umboniso ka-Anna Porhach wamthanda kakhulu.

Amagama aseArmenia

I-Armenia lizwe elincinci elincinane labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3. Kodwa malunga ne-8.5 yezigidi zabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezihlala kumazwe ahlala kwamanye amazwe, ngoko, amaqonga aseArmenia asasazeke kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukuchongwa ngokugqitywa kwemveli - en (-yann) : Avjan, Dzhigarkhanyan. Kwixesha la mandulo kwakukho ifom yeentsapho ze-archaic: -anz (-yans), -unz , eqhubeka isasazwe e-Armenia esezantsi: i-Kurants, i-Sarkisyants, i-Tonunts. Ngaba igama lomntu waseArmenia ligobile?

Kuxhomekeke kwimithetho yesiRashiya, esele ikhankanywe kwinqaku. Amagama angamaBhinqa anamaqhosha ekugqibeleni, ngokuxhomekeke ekuhlanjeni kwecala:

• Kunye noArmen Avzhan ( "kunye no-Anush Avjan");
• Ukubukela ifilimu ngeGeorge Tonunts ( kunye ne "ifilimu kunye neLily Tonunts").

Ukugqitywa kwiiVolum

Amagama angamadoda ahlala engatshintshiyo ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uvela phi na kwelinye ilizwe okanye kwelinye ilizwe, ekupheleni kwezi khenksi ezilandelayo: kwaye, u, y, w, e, e, umzekelo : Gandhi, Jusoyty, Shoigu, Camus, Meghre, Manet. Kule meko, ayinandaba nantoni na, ukuxinezeleka kwi-syllable yokuqala okanye yokugqibela igxininiswe. Oku kuquka iMoldovan, isiNdiya, isiFrentshi, isiGeorgia, isiNtaliyane nesiTurkey. Umzekelo: " Kungekudala ufunde imibongo kaShota Rustaveli ." Kodwa ngaba amagama angamadoda ancike kwi- kwaye (I) ?

Nantsi kukho iindlela zombini, ngoko kungcono ukuzibonisa etafileni:

Ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi, nokuba amagama angamadoda athambekele ekunikeleni - a , ukukunika i-algorithm enokuhlala isondele.

Amagama aseJamani

Imvelaphi yegama lakwaJamani lifana nembali yabo kwezinye iindawo: ininzi itholakala kumagama abo, amagama asemagameni, iiferensi okanye umsebenzi wabathwali babo.

Ukuhlaliswa kommandla waseVolga ngamaJamani ekhulwini le-18 kukhokelela ekubeni ukubhala kwabo eRashiya kwakudla ngokuqhutywa ngamaphutha, amaninzi amaninzi afanayo anokungahambelani kwileta enye okanye ezimbini. Kodwa eqinisweni, bonke, ngokungafani nakwimfuneko, baphela kwisiqhelo, ngoko xa uphendula umbuzo ukuba ingaba amagama angamaJamani angamathandle, kunokwenzeka ukuba achaze ngokuqinisekileyo: ewe. Iintlobo ziyi: Goethe, Heine, Otto nabanye, ekupheleni kwetawuni.

Ukususela ekubeni amagama aseJalimane ayahluka kwiimeko, kufuneka ahluke kwiSlavic. Ukongeza kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, ezifana noMüller, uHoffman, Wittgenstein, Wolf, ziphela -ih : iDietrich, Freindlich, Ulrich. Ngamaqhina aseRashiya, phambi kwabo, azinqabile zincinci zincinci ezinezibini eziqinileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngolwimi alungekho zichasti ezifanayo ezisisiseko. Izina laSlavic, ngokungafani neziJamani, musa ukuxhomekeka (Fifth, Borovsky).

Ukuba ekupheleni -b okanye -y

Ulawulo ngokubhekiselele kuwo amagama angamadoda, athile njengamaqhinga asekelwe ngaphandle kokuphela, afikelela nakwiimeko xa isiphelo siphelelwa -y okanye -y . Batshintsha ngamatyala njengezibizo ezihambelana nokuhlaselwa kwesibini. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko echaphazelekayo banokuphela kokuphela- ohm (em) . Ziyabonwa njengezizwe. Ukuze uphendule umbuzo ukuba ngaba amagama angamadoda athambekele kwi -y and -y, umzekelo kufuneka uqwalaselwe:

• Utyunjwa (ngubani?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Ubomi (obani?): IVrubel, Gaidai;
• UDatelny (obani?): IVrubel, Gaidai;
• Ulingqina (ngubani?): IVrubel, Gaidai;
• Isixhobo (ngubani?): IVrubel, i-Gayday;
• Isiphakamiso (malunga nobani?): NgeVrubel, malunga neGayday.

Kukho ukungabikho komgaqo. Ngoko, ungaphenduli amagama okungahambelaniyo (iPelmen), kwaye uhambelane negama legama (Uruguay, Taiwan). Nangona isibonakaliso esithambileyo simi emva kokuphanga (Ubusuku, iMouse), ifani iyakutyekela ngokuxhomekeka kwindoda.

Amaqhina aphindwe kabini kunye

I-China, iVietnam kunye neKorea ziyaziwa kukuba abemi bayo baqulunqa amagama anamaqela amaninzi. Ukuba aphelile kwi-consonant, bathambekela ngokwemiqathango jikelele, kodwa kuphela inxalenye yabo yokugqibela. Umzekelo:

• Siphulaphule intetho kaKim Jong Il .

Amagama amaninzi aseRashiya athambekele ekubeni kwiindawo zombini ngokwemiqathango jikelele:

• Umfanekiso wePetrov-Vodkin;
• Iqonga leNemirovich-Danchenko.

Ukuba inxalenye yokuqala ayinanto, kodwa isebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo, ayitshintshe kwimeko:

• Ukuxuma kweTer-Hovhannisyan;
• Umsebenzi kaDemuth-Malinovsky .

Ukuba amagama angamadoda angamazwe angaphandle athambekele, kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwimigaqo yegrama yesiRashiya, ekhankanywe kwinqaku. Umba wokusebenzisa isibalo okanye ubuninzi beenombolo ekubaleni abantu ababini bahlala bengachazwanga.

Bodwa kunye nobuninzi

Ziziphi iimeko apho ubuninzi besetyenzisiweyo, kwaye apho enye yinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo etafileni:

Amagama angama-amadoda, ngokungafani nabasetyhini, bathambekela, kodwa kukho iimeko ezininzi eziqwalaselwe kwinqaku, xa zingenakuguqulwa. Imigaqo ephambili yokuphela kwegama kunye nelizwe elivela kuyo ifani.