Izigaba zesifundo kwi-GEF. Amanyathelo esi sifundo sanamhlanje kwi-GEF

I-Federal State Education Standard (i-GEF) kufuneka iqondwe njengemfuneko yemfuneko yokufunda kwinkqubo ethile. Ukuphunyezwa kwabo, inkqubo ephambili equlethwe ngekharityhulam , ishedyuli yekhalenda , ukusebenzela imisebenzi yezifundo, izifundo, izifundo kufuneka ziphuhliswe kwiziko lemfundo. Kufuneka kwakhona kufake izinto zokufunda kunye nokuhlola. Ngokuhambelana nale nkqubo, ootitshala bayakha imisebenzi yabo yobugcisa ngexesha lonyaka wesikolo ngokubanzi, cwangcisa isifundo ngasinye ngokwahlukileyo. Masilandele ngokulandelayo sicinge ngamanyathelo asemqoka wesifundo se-GEF.

Ukwahlula ngokubanzi

Zininzi zezifundo ezahlukeneyo zifundiswa esikolweni. Umxholo wolwazi ngokuqinisekileyo uhlukile. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izifundo ziyakwazi ukwahlula kumaqela alandelayo:

1. Ukufumanisa ulwazi olutsha.
2. Izifundo zokucinga.
3. Iiklasi zendlela yokufunda ngokubanzi.
4. Izifundo ekuphuhliseni ulawulo.

Imisebenzi yemisebenzi

Kwi sifundo ngasinye, iinjongo ezithile zibekwe kwaye ziphunyezwe. Ngoko, kwiiklasi zokufumanisa ulwazi olutsha, abafundi bayakwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokuthatha isenzo, isiseko sobunzulu siphuthunyiswa ngokujoyina izitsha ezintsha. Kwizifundo zokucinga, izilungiso, imiqathango, iingcamango eziye zafundwa zijongwa kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, zilungiswe. Imigangatho yomsebenzi oqhelekileyo yenziwa kwiiklasi zenkqubela jikelele, iindlela ezisemgangathweni zophuhliso oluthe gqithwayo lwemixholo-yesetyenzisiweyo. Ukongezelela, kukho ukubunjwa kwamandla okucwangcisa kunye nokwenza izinto ezifundwayo. Kwiiklasi zolawulo zophuhliso, abantwana bahlakulela izakhono zokuhlalutya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuphuka kwizifundo ze-GEF (isizukulwana sesibini) akufanele kuphazamise ukuqhubeka koqeqesho.

Inkcazo yezigaba zesifundo se-GEF: "Ukufumanisa ulwazi olutsha"

Isifundo ngasinye sakhiwe ngokwecandelo elithile. Kuyakwazi ukuqhawula izigaba ezilandelayo zesifundo se-GEF (izibalo ziya kuba yiRashiya, ngokusemthethweni, akunandaba):

1. Isizathu sokufunda imisebenzi.
2. Uhlaziyo kunye nesenzo sovavanyo.
3. Ukuchonga indawo kunye nezizathu zobunzima.
4. Ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi kunye nesisombululo seengxaki.
5. Ukuphunyezwa komzekelo.
6. Ukulungiswa kweprayimari ngokuvakalisa ngokuzwakalayo.
7. Ukuzilawula ngokuzilawula.
8. Ukufakwa kwinkqubo yolwazi nokuphindaphinda.
9. Ukucamngca umsebenzi wokufunda kwiklasi.

Isizathu

Iinjongo zesifundo se-GEF zihlukile. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nalokhu, baxhamene kakhulu. Injongo yokhuthazo kukuphuhliswa kwinqanaba elizimeleyo lokulungelelanisa lwangaphakathi lomfundi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ebekiwe. Ukuphunyezwa kwalo msebenzi kuqinisekiswa ngu:

1. Ukudala kweemeko zokuvela komntu ngamnye ngaphakathi ukuze enze imisebenzi.
2. Ukuphunyezwa kweemfuno zomfundi ngutitshala.
3. Ukuseka isiseko esisemgangathweni semisebenzi.

Uhlaziyo kunye nesenzo sovavanyo

Injongo ephambili kweli nqanaba kukulungiswa kwengcamango yabantwana kunye nentlangano yokuqonda kwabo iimfuno zabo ngokwakhiwa kwemodeli entsha yesenzo. Ukufezekisa, kubalulekile ukuba abafundi:

1. Baye baphinda baphinda barekhoda izakhono, ulwazi nolwazi olufunekayo ukudala umzekelo omtsha wokuziphatha.
2. Usebenze ngengqondo kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda. Okokuqala, ngokukodwa, kubandakanya ukuhlanganiswa, uhlalutyo, ukuvelisa, ukuthelekisa, ukufanisa, ukuhlenga, njl. Iinkqubo zengqondo - ingqalelo, imemori, njl.
3. Isiqhelo somsebenzi wezemfundo.
4. Bazama ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wokusebenzisa ulwazi olutsha ngokuzimeleyo.
5. Ulungelelanise ubunzima obuphuhlisayo ekuphunyezweni kwezenzo zamatyala, okanye kulungelelaniso lwaso.

Ukuchonga iingxaki

Umsebenzi oyintloko kweli nqanaba kukuqonda oko kungenalo ulwazi olwaneleyo, izakhono okanye izakhono. Ukufeza le njongo, kubalulekile ukuba abantwana:

1. Uhlalutye zonke izenzo zabo. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba uhlalutyo luhamba kunye nazo zonke izigaba zesifundo samhlanje (ngokwe-GEF).
2. Ukulungiswa kwesinyathelo okanye ukusebenza apho ingxaki ibonakala khona.
3. Ukulungelelanisa izenzo zabo kwinqanaba lokuvela kwenkathazo kunye neendlela ezazisetyenziswe ngaphambili kwaye zichongiwe ukuba zeziphi izakhono ezingonelanelekanga ukuxazulula umsebenzi owenziwe, imibuzo efanayo.

Ukwakha iphrojekthi

Injongo yale nqanaba kukuqulunqwa kwemisebenzi yalo msebenzi kwaye ngokwezizathu ukukhethwa komzekelo kunye neendlela zokuphunyezwa kwazo. Ukufezekisa, abafundi:

1. Kwifomu yokuthetha, umsebenzi othile wemisebenzi yoqeqesho oluzayo uhlelwe, ngokubhekiselele kuyo isizathu esicacisiweyo sobunzima esiya kupheliswa.
2. Phakamisa kwaye uvume ngesihloko sesifundo ootitshala abanokucacisa.
3. Khetha umzekelo wokwakhiwa kolwazi olutsha. Njengoko inokuba yindlela yokucacisa okanye ukongeza. Iyokuqala isebenza kwimeko apho umzekelo omtsha ungadalwa ngokusekelwe kwimiba esele ifunyenwe. Indlela yokucedisa isetyenziswe ukuba iimpawu ezifundwayo azifumanekanga, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokwazisa imiqondiso emitsha okanye indlela yokwenza.
4. Khetha iindlela ezenziwa ngayo ulwazi. Ezi ziquka imodeli efundwayo, izilungiso, iindlela zokurekhoda, iingcamango, iifomu kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi

Umsebenzi oyintloko kukubunjwa kwabantwana imodeli entsha yesenzo, ukukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ekuxazululeni ingxaki ebangela ubunzima, kunye nemiba efanayo. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi:

1. Bakubeka phambili iingcamango ngesiseko seendlela ezikhethiweyo kwaye baqikelele.
2. Sebenzisa iinjongo zenzalo kunye nezicwangciso, imizekelo ekwakheni ulwazi olutsha.
3. Faka isicelo sendlela ekhethiweyo yokusombulula ingxaki ebangela ubunzima.
4. Hlela indlela yokusebenza yendalo.
5. Sungula isisombululo kwingxaki evele ngaphambili.

Ukubamba okuphambili

Kubalulekile ukuba abantwana bafunde indlela entsha yokusebenza. Oku kufuna ukuba abantwana:

1. Bathetha ngokuvakalayo amanyathelo abo kunye nokulungiswa kwabo.
2. Sasisombulula imisebenzi emininzi yokusebenza kwindlela entsha yokusebenza. Oku kunokwenziwa ngamabini, ngamaqela okanye ngaphambili.

Ukuzivavanya nokuzivavanya

Ezi zigaba zesifundo se-GEF zanamhlanje zibaluleke kakhulu. Kwindlela yokuzimela emsebenzini, iqondo lokufunda ulwazi olufunyenweyo lihlolwe, kwaye (ukuba kunokwenzeka) imeko ephumelelayo. Ezi zigaba zesifundo se-GEF zibonisa ukuba:

1. Ukwenza umsebenzi ofana nowekuqala, kodwa ukuxazulula imisebenzi apho amaphutha ayenziwe ngaphambili.
2. Ukuthatha uvavanyo lokuzivocavoca ngokwemigangatho kunye nokulungisa iziphumo.
3. Ukuseka ukunqoba kobunzima obuvelele ngaphambili.

Ezi zigaba zesifundo se-GEF ziquka uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi kulabo bantwana abangenazo iingxaki kwisisombululo sokuqala. Benza imisebenzi yezinga lokudala kwimodeli kwaye baqhuba uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lweziphumo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kummandla wolwazi nokuphindaphinda

Umsebenzi oyintloko kukuba kusetyenziswe imodeli yesenzo esabangela ubunzima, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezifundwayo kunye nokulungiselela ukujonga oku kwale macandelo alandelayo. Ukuba izigaba zangaphambili zesifundo se-GEF zidluliswa ngokwanelisayo, ngoko ke abantwana:

1. Sombulula iingxaki apho imizekelo yezinto ezithatyathwayo zihambelana nabaye bafundiswa ngaphambili kunye nabanye.
2. Yenza imisebenzi enenjongo yokulungiselela ukufundwa kwamanye amacandelo (alandelayo).

Ukuba amanyathelo angaphambili wesifundo se-GEF anike umphumo ombi, umsebenzi oqeshwe ngokuzimeleyo uphinde uphinde ulawule ukukhetha olunye ukhetho.

Ukucamngca

Kule nqanaba, injongo ephambili kukuba abantwana baqonde indlela yokunqoba ubunzima kunye nokuzimelela ngokuzimeleyo iziphumo zomsebenzi wokulungisa okanye ozimeleyo. Ngenxa yoko, abaqeqeshi bafuna:

1. Cacisa i-algorithm yokulungisa iziphene.
2. Ukubiza iindlela zezenzo ezibangele ubunzima.
3. Ukurekhoda izinga lokuthotyelwa kweenjongo kunye neziphumo eziphunyeziweyo.
4. Hlola umsebenzi wakho kwisifundo.
5. Ukuchonga iinjongo zokulandelelana.
6. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zomsebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo uvunyelwene ngazo kwisifundo.

Umsebenzi wolawulo lophuhliso

Makhe sicinge, umzekelo, izigaba zesifundo somculo we-GEF:

1. Isizathu sokulawula nokulungiswa komsebenzi.
2. Ukuphunyezwa kunye nemisebenzi yokufunda yesilingo.
3. Ubume beengxaki zobuntu.
4. Ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi ukulungisa iingxaki ezifunyenweyo.
5. Ukuphunyezwa komzekelo omtsha.
6. Ukuzalisa ubunzima entetho.
7. Umsebenzi ozimeleyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokusemgangathweni.
8. Ukuxazulula iingxaki zobume bokudala.
9. Ukucamngca komsebenzi.

Ukusebenza komsebenzi wokulawula

Umsebenzi oyintloko wokukhuthaza ukulungiswa komsebenzi kufana nalowo uchazwe ngaphambili kwaye uququzelele ekuphuhliseni ukulungelelaniswa kwangaphakathi kwabafundi ukuphumeza iimfuno zomsebenzi wemfundo. Kule meko, ke, kukho ukuqhelaniswa nokulungiswa kohlengahlengiso. Kulo mfuneko kuyimfuneko:

1. Ukuseka injongo yesifundo kunye nokudala iimeko zokuvela kweemfuno zangaphakathi zabafundi ukuba bahlanganyele emsebenzini.
2. Ukuhlaziya iimfuno ezibekwe kumfundi ngokulawulwa kunye nezenzo zokulungisa.
3. Ngokuhambelana nemisebenzi esele ixazululwe ngaphambili, ichaze imida yee-thematic kwaye yenza izikhokelo zomsebenzi.
4. Qulunqa indlela kunye nenkqubo yokulawula.
5. Misela umlinganiselo wokuvavanya.

Ukulungiselela ukucinga kwabantwana

Abafundi bafanele baqaphele imfuno yabo yokulawula nokuhlalutya, ukuchonga izizathu zobunzima. Ukuphumeza lo msebenzi, kufuneka:

1. Ukuqhuba ukuphindaphinda kwamanyathelo amanyathelo alawulwayo.
2. Yenza loo misebenzi yengqondo njengento yokuvelisa, ukuthelekisa, kunye neenkqubo eziqikelelweyo ezifunekayo kumsebenzi wokulawula.
3. Ukukhuthaza abantwana ukuba benze imisebenzi esebenzayo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokucwangcisa.
4. Yenza imimiselo yokusebenza komsebenzi ngamnye wokulawula.
5. Ukubonelela ngabantwana ithuba lokuba bahlalutye ngemisebenzi yabo ngokwemigangatho ebekwe ngaphambili.

Ukujoliswa kweendlela jikelele

Izigaba zesifundo esihlangeneyo kwi-GEF zijolise ekubunjweni kwabantwana kwimbono yezindlela ezidibanisa iingcamango abazifundayo kwinkqubo enye. Ukongeza, bafaka isandla ekuqaliseni iindlela zokwakha isicwangciso somsebenzi ngokwawo wemfundo ngokwayo. Kananjalo, inikezela utshintsho oluzimeleyo kunye nokuziphucula ngokwabo. Kule klasi, ukudala imimiselo nezindlela zemisebenzi yemfundo, ukuzihlola nokuzithiba, ukuzimela ngokuzimela. Ezi zifundo zibhekwa njengezithoba. Zibanjwe ngaphandle kwesakhelo salo naluphi na uqeqesho kwiklasi yeyure okanye ngexesha lesiganeko sangaphandle.

Isiphelo

Ukuphuka kwezifundo kwiinqanaba kukuvumela ukuba uthumele izinto ezicacileyo ngokuchanekileyo, ngokulandelana ngokulandelelana, ngelixa uqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okuqhubekayo kwemisebenzi yabafundi. Kwi sifundo ngasinye, imisebenzi kunye neenketho zezenzo zabafundi kufuneka zichongwe. Akubalulekanga kangangoko isigaba senhlangano yesifundo se-GEF. Ilandelwa ukubunjwa kwezinto ezikhuthaza abantwana. Emva kokubulisa, utitshala uhlola ukulungelelanisa, unquma ukuba akakho. Emva koko, ingqwalasela yabafundi igxininisekile, imeko efunekayo isetyenziswe ekuboneni ulwazi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko kunye nokufumaneka kwithuba, utitshala unokulungelelanisa isicwangciso sesifundo kwinqanaba lombutho.