Nakumfuzelo Wehrmacht (1935-1945 biennium).

Insignia yezempi ikhona kwi-uniform ye-servicemen kwaye ibonisa isihloko esithile esifanelekileyo, inxulumano ethile kunye nomnye wemikhosi exhobileyo (kule ngxaki i-Wehrmacht), umkhosi, isebe okanye inkonzo.

Ukuchazwa kwegama elithi "Wehrmacht"

Lo "mandla okukhusela" ngo-1935 - 1945 gg. Ngamanye amazwi, i-Wehrmacht (echazwe ngezantsi) ayikho nto ngaphandle komkhosi we-Germany. Eyintloko - uMlawuli oPhezulu ophezulu wezinto ezixhobileyo zeli lizwe, ephethe uxanduva lwasemhlabeni, uMbutho wamaNavy kunye neMpi yamaMandla, amaSt. Babekhokelwa ngumyalelo oyintloko (OKL, OKH, OKM) kunye nabaphathi-intloko yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelo-moya (ukususela ngowe-1940, kunye nemikhosi yama-SS). UMlawuli oyiNtloko-oyiNtloko ye- Wehrmacht ngu-Chancellor Reich A. Hitler. Ifoto yamajoni e-Wehrmacht iboniswe ngezantsi.

Ngokweenkcukacha zembali, igama elibhekiselwe kwilizwe elithetha isiJalimane lalingamaQumrhu oMkhosi weliphi na ilizwe. Yayifumana intsingiselo yayo eqhelekileyo xa amaNazi efika ngamandla.

Ngezolo leMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili, i-Wehrmacht yayinabantu abayizigidi ezintathu, kwaye inani layo likhulu labantu abayizigidi ezili-11 (ngo-Disemba 1943).

Iintlobo zempawu zemikhosi

Ezi ziquka:

• Buttonholes;
• Iingxobo zamagxa;
• Epaulettes;
• Imikhono kunye neentloko (i-chevrons, patches);
• Iimpawu kwiibhobho, i-epaulettes, i-epaulettes, iintloko zeentloko (iimpawu, i-cockades, i-asterisks);
• IiLanga kunye nemida.

Ifom yeengubo kunye nesimo se-Wehrmacht

Kwimpi yaseJamani kwakukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenifom kunye neempahla. Ijoni ngalinye limele lizimelele ngokuzimeleyo imeko yeempahla zakhe kunye neempahla ezifanayo. Ukutshintshwa kwabo kwenzelwa ngokuhambelana nenkqubo eqinisiweyo, okanye xa kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ngexesha loqeqesho. Ifomu lempi likhawuleza lahleka umbala ngenxa yokuhlamba nokuhlamba.

Ukuhlolisiswa ngokukodwa kwezihlangu zamasoldati (ngamaxesha onke amabhotile amabi ayingxaki enkulu).

Ukususela ekubunjweni kweReichswehr (ibutho le-Jamani ngexesha le-1919 ukuya ku-1935), umfaniswano wezempi uye waba yinto efanayo kuzo zonke iindawo ezikhoyo zaseJamani. Umbala wayo "feldgrau" (eguqulelwe ngokuthi "insimu engcolileyo") - umthunzi womthunzi onobumba obuhlaza obuninzi.

Ifom entsha (i-uniforme ye-Wehrmacht, ibutho lexhoba leJamani laseJamani kwixesha lika-1935-1945) lafakwa kunye nomzekelo omtsha wesithsaba sensimbi. Iimfutho, iifomu kunye nesigqoko saso sasingakhange zihluke kubaphambili babo (ezikhoyo ngexesha likaKaiser).

Ngethuba le-Fuhrer, ukuphakama kwe-servicemen kwagxininiswa yinani elikhulu leendidi ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa (iimpawu, iimpawu, iifetch, i-edgings, amabheji, njl.). Ngokusebenzisa ukucinywa kombuso omnyama nomhlophe obomvu kunye nokukhusela i-tricolor kwi-helmet ngakwesokudla, ukunyaniseka kwintlalo-ntlalo kuboniswe. Ukubonakala kwe-tricolor yombuso kubhalwe phakathi koMatshi, ngo-1933. Ngo-Oktobha 1935, ukhozi lobukhosi, obambe i-swastika, wongezwa kwengubo yalo. Ngeli xesha iReichswehr yaqanjwa kwakhona ngokuthi i-Wehrmacht (ifoto ibonakaliswe kwangaphambili).

Esi sihloko siya kuqwalaselwa ngokumalunga neMikhosi yoMhlaba kunye ne-SS.

Iimpawu zokuhlukana kwe-Wehrmacht kunye ngqo nama-SS

Ukuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa amanye amaphupha. Okokuqala, imikhosi yama-SS kunye nenhlangano ye-SS ngokwayo ayiyiyo imiqondo efanayo. Ingxelo yokugqibela yinkqubo yokulwa yamaNazi, eyenziwe ngamalungu entlangano yoluntu eqhuba umsebenzi walo wokuprofetha (ukusebenza, umthengisi, umbutho wabasebenzi, njl njl) njengaye kwi-SS. Bavunyelwe ukuba banxibe iifomfesi ezimnyama, ezathi zatshintshwa umthunzi omnyama oqhelekileyo ukususela ngowe-1938 kunye neentambo ezimbini ze-Wehrmacht. Ezi zilandelayo zibonise izigaba zikarhulumente jikelele.

Ngokumalunga nemikhosi yama-SS, kunokuthiwa yile mihlobo yamagada okulinda ("kugcinwe imikhosi" - "ukudibanisa" kweNdlu efile "- amabutho kaHitler), apho kuphela amalungu e-SS athathwe. Baye balinganiswa namasosha aseWehrmacht.

Ukwahluka kwiibhloko zamalungu e-SS kwintlangano ngamachobholo ayenayo de kube ngo-1938. Kwimifano emnyama yabekwa kuphela umgca wecala (kwicala elifanelekileyo), apho kwakunokwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe kuphela ilungu lenye ilungu le-SS (igosa eliqhelekileyo okanye elingenakugunyazwa, okanye igosa eliqhelekileyo okanye eliphezulu, okanye jikelele). Kwaye emva kokuba bavelise iifenifu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe (1938), enye into eyayihlukileyo yongezwa: iintambo zomthwalo we-Wehrmacht.

Iimpawu zokuhlula phakathi kwe-SS kunye nabasebenzi basezempi, kunye namalungu entlangano - afana. Nangona kunjalo, owake wahlala egqoke umfaniswano wensimi, umfanekiso we-Wehrmacht. Unamacala amabini ehlombe, ngokucacileyo afana ne-Wehrmacht, kwaye i-insignia yemikhosi yempi iyafana.

Inkqubo yezihloko, kwaye ngoko-ke, i-insignia, iye yafumana utshintsho oluninzi ngamaxesha amaninzi, okokugqibela okuye kwenzeka ngo-Meyi 1942 (abazange batshintshe ngo-Meyi 1945).

Imikhosi yemikhosi ye-Wehrmacht yayichazwe ngama-buttonholes, epaulettes, galloons kunye ne-chevron kwi-collar, kwaye iimpawu ezimbini zokugqibela ezahlukileyo nakweemikhono, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo, ngokugqithiseleyo kwimpahla yezempi, imivimbo ehlukeneyo (imibala yembala eyahlukileyo) kwiidonsi, kunye nokuyila kweentloko.

Yayiyunifomu ye-SS yomsebenzi ekugqibeleni yayisungulwe malunga ne-1938. Ukuba siyicinga njengemilinganiselo yokuthelekisa, singathi i-uniforms ye-Wehrmacht (ibutho lomhlaba) kunye ne-uniform ye-SS ayifani. Umbala wesibini wawungumntu obomvu kwaye ukhanyisa umbala, u-tint obomvu wawubonakala ungabonakali.

Kwakhona, ukuba sichaza inkcukacha ze-SS (ngokukodwa i-patch), sinokuhlukanisa oku kulandelayo: inkozi yenkwenkwezi yayingaphantsi kwephakathi kwecandelo ukusuka kwiphepha ukuya kwi-elbow yomtya wesandla sasekhohlo, iphethini yayo yayihluke kwimilo yamaphiko (ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iimeko xa i-Wehrmacht ukhozi ).

Kwakhona, umzekelo ohlukile, umzekelo, kwiifom ze-SS tank, kwakungenxa yokuba ii-buttonholes, ezifana ne-Wehrmacht tankmen, zazifakwe ebomvu. Iimpawu zesahluko se-Wehrmacht kule meko zimelelwa kubukho "intloko efile" kwezo zombini. I-SS tankmen kwinqanaba lasekhohlo lingaba neebheji zezinga, kwaye ngakwesokudla-nokuba "intloko efile" okanye i-SS ihamba (kwezinye iimeko kunokungenakho iimpawu kuyo, okanye, umzekelo, kwezinye izigaba kwakukho uphawu lwetanki - Skull nge-crossbones). Kwakhona iithebhu zekhola zafakwa kwikhola, ubukhulu bayo buyi-45x45 mm.

Kwakhona, i-Wehrmacht i-insignia ibandakanya indlela iifom ye-battalion number okanye umlomo eyayihlonyelwa ngayo kumaqhosha, okwakungenziwa kwimeko ye-SS yomfaniswano wezempi.

Imbonakalo yeepaulettes nakuba yayifana ne-Wehrmacht, kodwa yayingenabunqwenela (ngaphandle kweqela lokuqala lolwalamanzi apho i-monogram emagxeni ehlombe yayigqoke rhoqo).

Olunye umehluko kwinkqubo eqokelela ubungqina be-SS yindlela indlela aphuma ngayo amajoni, ababaviwa be-SS navigator, bembethe intambo yombala ofanayo kunye nomgca wecala ephantsi kwebhande lexeni. Esi sihloko sifana nomfanekiso we-Hephraiter kwi-Wehrmacht. Kwaye abaviwa be-SS Unterscharfuhrers nabo bembethe i-gallon (i-silver braid) ububanzi beebhilimitha ezili-9 ngaphantsi kwebhande lesigxina. Esi sihloko si-analog yegosa elingathunywanga kwi-Wehrmacht.

Ngokumalunga namanqanaba kwinqanaba kunye nefayili, umahluko kwakukho kwiibhokhwe kunye neengxowa zamagxa, ezaziphezu kwelokwe, kodwa ngaphantsi kwekhosi lobukhosi ngaphakathi kwiphonki yomshiya wesobunxele.

Ukuba sicinga iingubo zokubambisa (apho kungekho zikhombo kunye neengxowa zamagxa), singatsho ukuba amadoda ase-SS awazange abe naluphi na ulwahlulo kwizinga, kodwa bakhetha ukubeka iikholeji kunye neenkinobho zabo ngaphezulu kwesi sambatho .

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqeqeshwa kokugqoka iifom e-Wehrmacht kwakuphakamileyo kakhulu kunemikhosi yama- SS, amajoni ayo avumela inkululeko enkulu malunga nalo mbandela, kwaye abaphathi babo kunye namagosa abazange bafune ukuphelisa lolu hlobo lokuphulaphulwa, ngokuchasene, bavame ukuvuma okufanayo. Yaye le nto yincinci nje yecandelo elincinane leempahla ze-Wehrmacht kunye nemikhosi yama-SS.

Ukuba sinokubhengeza konke oku ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba iimpawu ze-Wehrmacht zinobulumko kakhulu ngaphandle kwe-SS kuphela kodwa neSoviet.

Amaziko omhlaba

Babemelwe ngala balandelayo:

• Eqhelekileyo;
• Amagosa angenakugunyazwa ngaphandle kwamahashe (i-lace okanye ibhanti yebhanti ngokugqoka i-taska, ibanda, kwaye kamva isibhamu);
• Amagosa angabonwanga ngamagosa;
• Lieutenants;
• MaKapa;
• Amagosa abasebenzi;
• Abaphathi.

Imikhosi yemikhosi yamiselwa kwakhona kumagosa empi ngamasebe kunye neeofisi ezahlukeneyo. Ukulawulwa kwezempi kwahlula yaba ngamaqela ukusuka kumagosa amancinci angabathunywe kubaphathi abakhulu.

Imibala yemikhosi yemikhosi yasemhlabeni ye-Wehrmacht

EJamani, isithethe seengalo siye saqokwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngemibala efanelekileyo yokugqithisa kunye neenkinobhole, i-headgear kunye neyunifomu kunye nokunye. Batshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha lokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili, ukuhlula okulandelayo kwenziwe ngokwemibala:

1. Abagcini bamhlophe kunye nabasemngceleni, abaxhasi kunye nabancwane.
2. I-Scarlet-intsimi, i-artillery ephakamileyo kunye ne-self-propelled, kunye ne-general edging, i-buttonholes kunye nezibane.
3. I-Crimson okanye i-carmine-obomvu-amagosa angenakuthunyelwa kwinkonzo yezilwanyana, kunye neenkinobhole, izibane kunye neendwangu zamagxa e-Main Apartment kunye ne-General Staff of the High Command we-Wehrmacht ne-Army.
4. I-Pink - anti-tank yokuxhobisa izixhobo; Ukuguqula iinkcukacha zomfaniswano wetanki; I-Lumens kunye nokukhethwa kweengqungquthela zeengqungquthela zamagosa ezisemthethweni, iigebengu eziluhlaza-greyethi zamagosa angenakugunyazwa kunye namajoni.
5. Amagada ase-Golden-yellow, amaqanda okubonga amaqela eetanki kunye ne-samokatchikov.
6. I-lemon yellow isamandla okunxibelelana.
7. I-Bordoviy - imichilo yemikhosi kunye neenkundla; Iimfele zefomsi kunye nemithi yamatye e-"activity".
8. Amajoni amaninzi anjineli (ubunjineli, izitimela, iiyunithi zoqeqesho), inkonzo yobugcisa. I-Sappers yeeyunithi zamatekisi zinomnyama omhlophe.
9. Ubluhlaza obomvu - abasebenzi bezonyango (ngaphandle kwababhali).
10. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezithuthi.
11. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza - ama-pharmist yezempi, i-yegeri kunye neentaba.
12. Uhlaza oluhlaza - i-regiment ye-motorized infantry, izingxenye zesithuthuthu.
13. Ama-propagandists aseGrey-Army kunye namagosa e-Landwehr kunye ne-Reserve (ehleli emacaleni emigxeni yembala yempi).
14. I-Grey-blue - inkonzo yobhaliso, amagosa aseMelika, ukulungiselela ukubhalisa.
15. I-Orange - amapolisa asebukhosini kunye namagosa e-engineering academy, inkonzo yokuqashwa (umbala wepiling).
16. AbaPhuphu - ababingeleli bezempi
17. Ubumnyama obumnyama ngamagosa empi.
18. Iinjongo ezibomvu.
19. Amagqwetha aseBlue - amabutho.
20. Ephuzi yinkonzo yokutya ngehashe.
21. I-Lemon - feldpochta.
22. Umbala obomvu - inkonzo yokuqeshiswa koqeqesho.

Inkosi kwimfaniswano yezempi yaseJamani

Babenenjongo emibini: njengendlela yokugqiba isikhundla kunye nabathwali benkonzo engamanyeneyo (ukugxininisa ehlombe zonke iintlobo zezixhobo).

Abagijimi be-Wehrmacht (i-rank-and-file) zenziwe ngendwangu ecacileyo, kodwa ngokubethelwa kwimibala ethile, ehambelana noluntu lwempi. Ukuba sinokuqwalasela i-epaulettes yegosa elingenakugunyazwa, sinokubona ukuba kukho inkunzi eyongezelelweyo equkethe ama-braids (ububanzi obu-9 ubukhulu).

Kuze kube ngo-1938 kwakukho umxube othethekileyo wamabutho emigxeni kuphela yenzalo yefowuni egqitywe ngabo bonke amagosa angaphantsi kwegosa. Kwakunobumnyama obumnyama obumnyama ngokugqithiseleyo ukuya ekupheleni kweqhosha. Akuzange kulungiswe umda ohambelana nombala womkhosi. Amajoni e-Wehrmacht, ukugqamisa umbala weengalo zemikhosi, ziboshwe ngeensignia (iinombolo, iileta, iimpawu).

Amagosa (abalawuli bamatyala, iinqununu) babenemikhono emacaleni emigxala ebonakalayo njengemigca emibini yokungenelela eyenziwe ngobuncwane bentsimbi "I-Russian braid" (i-strand yayiboshwe ngendlela enokubonakala ngayo imicu efihlakeleyo). Zonke iintambo zatshitshiweyo kwivini yebala lomkhosi wempi, eyona isiseko salo mqulu. Ubhedu obukhethekileyo (u-Uhlobo) Uboya kwindawo yebhokisi yangqinqamla kunceda ukudala ukukhohlisa kweemida zalo ezisibhozo, xa eqinisweni kwakukho ezimbini kuphela.

Iinqwelo ze-Wehrmacht (abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni) nazo zabulawa nge "Russian braid", kodwa ngendlela enjengokubonisa uluhlu oluneengqungquthela ezihlukeneyo ezinhlanu ezisecaleni zomgca wecala, ngaphezu kwelophu ejikeleze iqhosha elisezantsi.

Iintlobo zegxalaba jikelele zineenkalo ezahlukileyo- "I-Russian braid". Yenziwe ngamacwecwe egolide ahlukeneyo, aphihliweyo emacaleni omabini kunye nentambo yesilivere enye "kwintsimbi". Indlela yokugcoba ibonisa ukubonakala kwala maqhosha amathathu phakathi kunye neengalo ezine kwihlangothi ngalunye zalo, ngaphezu kweyodwa kwinqumle ejikeleze iqhosha phezulu kwinqumlo lexeni.

Iziphathamandla ze-Wehrmacht zazingenjalo, njengomthetho, zifana neengxowa ezifanayo njengalezo zomkhosi osebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, bekhathatyathwa ngokulula kokufakwa komtya we-tape ebumnyama kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo.

Akunangqiqo ukukhumbula kwakhona ukuba amaxhepha ehlombe ayimpawu ze-Wehrmacht.

Amaqhosha kunye neengxowa zamagxa ezikhulu

Njengoko sele sichazwe ngasentla, abaphathi be-Wehrmacht bembethe i-epaulettes, kuba kuluhlu lwezinto ezimbini ezixinyiweyo zegolide zetyenzisiweyo kunye ne-silver suture phakathi kwabo.

Kwakhona babe neepaulettes ezingenakuthiwa, kuba (njengokuba kunjalo kumandla omhlaba) obomvu ebomvu obomvu kunye nekhethekileyo ebolekwe, ehamba ngokujikeleza kweempahla (umgca wabo ophantsi). Kwaye ukunyathela kunye neepaulettes ezigciniweyo zihlukileyo kumigca echanekileyo.

Abaphathi be-Wehrmacht bembethe iinkwenkwezi zesilivere emagxeni abo, kodwa kwakukho umahluko: i-general general yayingenayo inkwenkwezi, ummeli-jikelele-mnye, uwonke-jikelele woluhlobo oluthile lwemikhosi (i-infantry, imikhosi yamatye, amahhashi, njl.) -i-Oberst General- Eyesithathu (iinkwenkwezi ezimbini ezikufutshane kwinqanaba lomxhelo kunye nomnye ophezulu kunabo). Ngaphambili, kwakukho isikhundla njengoKolonel-Jikelele kwi-Field Marshall General, engasetyenziswanga ekuqaleni kwemfazwe. Ukuqalisa le nqanaba kwakuneenkwenkwezi ezimbini, ezazisendaweni zayo eziphezulu nezantsi. Ukwahlula u-marshal wendawo-jikelele ungabakho abasebenzi be-silvery ecaleni kwelinye lehlombe.

Kwakhona iziganeko ezingekhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, uGerd von Rundstedt (uMas Marshal Jikelele, owasuswa kumyalelo ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweRostov, umphathi weRighti yeRantshi ye-18) wayegqoke iinombolo zeemigangatho emagxeni asegunyeni labasebenzi baseburhulumenteni, kwaye kwikhola emigqabini emhlophe yesikhokelo se-infantry Amagosa ngokubuyisela ukuzithembela ngeenqwelo zegolide ezenziwe ngegolide egocekileyo eboshwe kwi-valve yelinen (ubungakanani obungama-40x90 mm). Isibalo sabo sasihlangene nangemihla yomkhosi kaKaiser kunye neReichswehr, ngokubunjwa kwe-GDR kunye ne-FRG, kwavela phakathi kwabaphathi.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli 1941 kwintlanzi yamashishini yasungulwa iinkqubo ezinobunzima obude, obunemithathu (endaweni yezinto ezimbini ezidlulileyo) kunye nemigqomo yamagxa egolide.

Esinye isibonakaliso sokubaluleka ngokubanzi sisibane.

I-marshal yasendle yayingakwazi ukuthwala ngesandla sabantu abendalo, okwakhiwa ngamaplanga enkcubeko ekhethekileyo, ehlotshiswe ngabanye, evulekileyo isithwe ngesilivere negolide kwaye ihlotshiswe nge-reliefs.

Isitifiketi somntu siqu

Kwakufuneka ukubonakala i-aluminiyam ithokeni elimbhoxo kunye kwiindawo zokubeka ezintathu longitudinal ukukhonza kwindawo ethile (h ukufa) oko ukungena iziqingatha ezibini (lokuqala apho imingxunyana emibini esele umzimba womfi, kwaye ewakhwelayo omnye lokuvula wamnika a ikomkhulu).

amajoni Wehrmacht wayenxiba enjalo, njengoko umthetho, ngomhla umxokelelwane okanye intambo wesibeleko. On umqondiso ngalinye ngenqindi ezi zilandelayo: igazi, inani uphawu, inombolo nomkhosi, webutho, apho uphawu sikhutshwe okokuqala. Le nkcazelo kufuneka ikhatshwe ijoni ngexesha lonke lobomi, ukuba kuyimfuneko zincediswe data efanayo kwezinye iinxalenye amajoni.

Umfanekiso waBalindi German kunokubonwa efotweni "Wehrmacht" wabonisa ngasentla.

Ukufumana e Besh-Kung

Ngokutsho manani ezisemthethweni, ngoAprili 2014, uhlala edolophini D. Lukicheva kwidolophana Besh-kung (Kyrgyzstan) wafunyanwa ebuncwaneni era kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Xa kusembiwa cesspool, weza kulo ilokhari yesinyithi Field Army of Wesithathu. imixholo yawo - i impahla ukudlulisela 1944 - 1945 kwiminyaka. (Iminyaka - engama-60), nto leyo alichatshazelwa ukufuma ngenxa ubushushu enzima nge kwiqweqwe yerabha gasket ebhokisini.

Wawuhlanganisa:

• ibhokisi ukukhanya «Mastenbrille» umbhalo equlathe iiglasi;
• liqengqiwe bag zokuhamba kunye ipokotho egcwele zokuhlamba;
• iiglavu, ezibomvu asuswayo, iikawusi kunye lwezibophelelo ngeenyawo, iimpahla ngebrashi, takwabipa, suspenders kunye pylezaschitniki;
• bundle, ubotshwe twine, esima yesikhumba kunye nokulungiswa inyama;
• granules ezinye iiarhente (mhlawumbe ukusuka inundu);
• ingubo phantse entsha, kunxitywa kwigosa Wehrmacht, kunye nokutshintsha yokuthunga ngumfuziselo imikhosi exhobileyo kunye nebheji yesinyithi;
• iminqwazi (hat ebusika kunye cap) kunye imiqondiso umahluko;
• zomkhosi udlula beemboniselo yangaphambili-line;
• hlobo iimvaba Reichsmarks ezintlanu;
• isibini iibhotile zebranti;
• ibhokisi iisiga.

NguDmitry wacinga kugqitha inkoliso wayenxiba kulo myuziyam. Ke ukuba ibhotile rum, ibhokisi cigar ibhatyi kunxitywa kwigosa Wehrmacht, ufuna ukushiya kubo amalungelo asemthethweni-25%, xa ukuma ixabiso zembali karhulumente.