Han Dzhanibek - i "ethambileyo" ngumlawuli Golden mkhosi

Khans of the Golden mkhosi wayehluke isimbo nzima kurhulumente kunye ukhohlakale ukuba nkqu bantu basondeleyo. Nangona ezi zibakala ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ubukumkani Dzhanibek Khan njengenye yezona ngoxolo ngokwaseburhulumenteni Mongolian, kwaye Dzhanibek - indoda nokuthantamisa. Makhe sibone izibakala ngobomi bakhe uze ujonge uvavanyo uhlobo womntu kunye umphathi ukusuka kwindawo ngenxa yokuziphatha mihla.

biography

Khan of the Golden mkhosi Dzhanibek (igama Tatar - Җanibәk) wayengunyana sesithathu inzala ezininzi, nto leyo eshiya ngasemva Uzbek. Njengokuba abaninzi phambi kwakhe, makhe ukuba etroneni, wamgalela igazi owalamana yabo - wababulala abazalwana ababini abadala - Tini Beg kunye Khizr. Njengoko ubona, oku akuthethi luluphawu ihambo yakhe ikamva Khan njengomntu olungileyo kunye umthetho. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba kukuqala kwindalo?

khanate

Ngowe-1342 waba Khan ye-Golden mkhosi. Ijolise Dzhanibek wabona nokudityaniswa sokumiswa kunye nokuqinisa yinye. Kodwa iindlela wasebenzisa Uzbek Khan, kwabonakala kuye zakuba lilize - yintoni kungaba lula kunokuba sifunxe igazi ulus elikude? Bacebe kulo aziyanga. Kwaye Khan Dzhanibek wakhetha nkqubo eyahlukileyo.

Uyaqhubeka ukujongana ngokuqatha iintshaba kunye nabahlobo abazange bakholwe. Kodwa ke amaqhinga zeBhodi Dzhanibek watshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Golden hlokondiba Khan wagqiba ukutsala unqulo. Naye wonke ummandla anayo waqalisa ukuba anyukele ezulwini, neemosque kunye madrassas. Waqhubeka eshumayela Islam nokuzisa ootoliki yayo kwiteksti of Islam kunye suras ezingcwele. Ezinjalo Islamization Ngethamsanqa zange aluchaphazeli ulus kumantla yaye akazange abe nayiphi na impembelelo ngokungafanelekanga kwi unqulo kubahlali ubulawuli eMoscow.

ulwazi olubhaliweyo

Chroniclers Siwubiza ngokuba yi-Golden mkhosi Khan "Dzhanibek ukumkani olungileyo." Oku igxininisa malunga okupheleleyo kayise, lowo wabizwayo yemihla "inzima Khan Uzbek." Eneneni, igama elithi "eyoyikekayo 'kumaxesha amandulo kwakuthetha bungwanyalala, neengcwangu namfesane. Xa kuthelekiswa noyise wakhe Khan Dzhanibek kwabonakala kulungile ngokwenene.

omaziyo Metropolitan ne Khan

Nangona ukusasazeka Islam, ukumkani akazange ukuthintela nokomelezwa Orthodox kumazwe Russian. Xa kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa amabandla nezigodlo, kungekho ntshutshiso zababingeleli kunye ihlekisa zonqulo Orthodox. Ngoko ke, xa uncwadi yecawa ebudeni bolawulo Djanibek luphawulwa kakuhle.

Mhlawumbi le "ukuthamba" kwabonakala yomphathi? Yeha - kwaba umbono elula. Church Orthodox ukhona indima uxolo, kwaye ingananwa kwakungeyomfuneko ukuba. Ngaphezu koko, umntu kufuneka lokukhathalela abantu kunye imibono zamaXesha Aphakathi - ukholo waba naye ekuphileni. Kufuneka uthathe kude amakhoboka yokudlala yabo yakutshanje - benjenjalo ukucamanga Dzhanibek waza waphethulela ingqalelo yakhe ngasemzantsi.

Singena ku Russia

Kuphela uhambo oluya kumazwe kumantla Khan Dzhanibek ezithathwe 1347. iilali ezichaphazelekayo ilali kufutshane nedolophu Aleksin. Xa kuthelekiswa Ezincwadini kwamaJuda nokubulalana, ezo njalo ngohambo Uzbek Khan, Dzhanibek wenza ezindilisekileyo kakhulu ngakumbi. Iphulo encinane lwenziwa ukuze babonise amandla abo, hayi ngoloyiko. Ingcinezelo kunye nengcinezelo ekungalindelekanga - idlamkile kakhulu ukukhunjulwa inkohlakalo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ziyalungiswa emhlabeni Russian Uzbek Khan kunye namahlakani akhe, yaba amaxabiso imvukelo entsha iphezulu kakhulu.

Mhlawumbi eli phulo kuphela ngaphakathi ilizwe Russian wayinika isiseko chroniclers Moscow kumnika "ethambileyo" uphawu Khan uJani Beg. Xa ebusweni eMoscow kunye nazo izilawuli angabamelwane ngokwenene Dzhanibek wakhangela umlawuli ethambileyo. Kodwa yintoni ntoni bathini abanye abantu?

Sihamba e Azerbaijan

Ngowe-1357 Dzhanibek liqalise iphulo silwe nxamnye Azerbaijan. Abemi beli lizwe aneliseke kwezopolitiko zangaphakathi bakazwilakhe Malik Ashrefa. Komjikelo ezukileyo baphela ngokoyiswa imikhosi karhulumente kunye nokuhlutha komhlaba. Dzhanibek Khan ushiya, unyana Berdibek ulus wakhe irhuluneli entsha, waza wabuyela anayo.

Le ubutyebi efumaneka Azerbaijan, coin Janibek yafunyanwa. ngokungathanga ngqo Oku kungqina amade yalo kude ezantsi. ubungqina ngokungathanga ixhaswa yemihla kunye memoirs nabahambi nje.

Ukuhla kwe Golden mkhosi

ukungabikho Long ukusuka kumazantsi eli lizwe buthathaka izintso zomthetho nkqo. Xa hlokondiba Golden baqalisa zibila ukuba ezisengozini ukuba luphele ekupheleni ekuweni. Kodwa Khan Dzhanibek wabuyela loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene sempilweni kwaye akukho imikhosi ukuzinzisa le meko kweli lizwe. Xa imithombo Russian, kukho ubungqina sifo ngexesha elinye, sokumchukumisa Khan nonina - hanshi Tayduly. Moscow Metropolitan Alex bafika e-mkhosi waza wathabatha izigulane eliphezulu unyango ekuguleni engaziwayo. Taydula lamkela lwenqila kwaye ngenxa imithandazo yakhe uphilisiweyo. Dzhanibek waphikelela inkolelo yakhe yaye akazange athathe i-Metropolitan. Ekugqibeleni, wafela sesi sifo ngo 1359. Nangona eminye imithombo bathi abazange basinde ukungcatshwa indebe sibulawe ngunyana wakhe.

iziphumo

Ngaba zizityebi biography yohlobo elithambileyo Djanibek? Ngelishwa, akukho. Yena akukho ngcono kwaye kungekho unobubi ngaphezu kwezinye abalawuli, ngaphandle koko ngokukhetha endaweni inkohlakalo ngqiqweni amanyathelo ejongelwe kwixesha elide elizayo zezopolitiko. Ukuqiniswa kwe Orthodox, ngokonwaba ngaphandle bagqogqa (eyi-40 cwaka), kwakuthetha zokuqinisa i-Golden mkhosi Khan nokungena kwemali kunye anganomeleza ngamandla akhe. Wafika iyafana naleyo uyise - nje isetyenziswa ukwenza ezinye iindlela.