Neutron sazo kunye nendima yayo kwi "iingalo uhlanga"

Phantse bonke abantu Soviet khumbula indlela urhulumente 1980, watyhwatyhwa abemi isixhobo esitsha ezoyikekayo kusungulwe "kobungxowa capitalism". ulwazi Political kumaziko kunye nootitshala besikolo imibala ezininzi amanwele wachaza ingozi bonke ubomi ukuqhushumba neutron, bafakwa inkonzo eUnited States. Kuwo ukuba kuzimela ezingaphansi komhlaba okanye zokufihla eziphathekayo. Ukusuka akuyi ukugcina zokuzikhusela kunye nokhuselo ixesha elide ngakumbi. Zonke izinto eziphilayo xa kuthe logwayimbo, wafa, kanti izakhiwo, iibrorho kunye neendlela, ngaphandle ukuba nombindi dubulo, iya kuhlala ihleli. Ngoko ke, lo kuqoqosho olomeleleyo yelizwe zobusoshiyali ziya kuwela ezandleni US emkhosini.

Eziyingozi neutron sazo wenza ngokupheleleyo umgaqo eyahlukileyo ngaphezu hydrogen atom, okanye "ukumkani-ukuqhushumba", nto leyo neqhayiya USSR. Ngexesha dubulo yenyukliya lwenzeka wokunciphisa enamandla radiation ubushushu kunye nokothuka amaza. Athom ethwele isigxina, kokungqubana izinto, ingakumbi isinyithi, kubandakanya nabo intsebenziswano olugcinwe ngabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imikhosi yotshaba ukuba uzifihle ngakwilitye le screener etyhidiweyo ekhuselekileyo.

Qaphela ukuba umphakathi okanye eSoviet okanye emkhosini US kanye ingcamango, zonke iingcinga kubabhekisi phambili be ezintsha iintlobo izixhobo ziye sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa kwamandla zomkhosi kotshaba.

Kodwa ezabo neutron, iprojekthi leyo eziphuhliswe Semyuel Koen, ngasendleleni, emva ngowe-1958, ngumrhumo ngomxube izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo radioactive hydrogen: deuterium kunye eziFihliweyo in ethile. I-dubulo inani enkulu neutron - amasuntswana akukho ntlawulo. Ngenxa cala, ngokungafaniyo athom, bakhawuleza ukungena ngokusebenzisa imiqobo eqinileyo kunye lulwelo emzimbeni, nto leyo ukufa imveliso zomgquba kuphela. Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezinjalo ziye zachazwa ntlanu "ukuze kuncedakale abantu."

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ezabo neutron lwasungulwa ngamahlanu emva kwexesha. Ngo-Apreli 1963, oko kuthwalelwa phandle uvavanyo layo lokuqala oluphemeleleyo kwisiza. Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-70s amaxabiso neutron ezase sele ifakiwe kwisistim American zokhuselo nxamnye mijukujelwa Soviet kwi kwisiseko eGrand nezeefolokhwe kwiphondo North Dakota. Yintoni na ngoko kothusa Government yiSoviet, xa ngoAgasti 1981 iBhunga lezoKhuseleko US yavakalisa ngobuninzi ezabo neutron? Ngapha koko, ukuba sele isetyenziswa yi-US Army iminyaka phantse amabini!

Kuba mpendulo incwadi yesicelo malunga 'uxolo kweli hlabathi "kufihlwa inkxalabo yokuba uqoqosho zabucala akusekho nako" ukutsala "ixabiso ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-mveliso. Eneneni, ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-USSR kunye US basoloko bekhuphisana ukwenza isixhobo esitsha esikwaziyo ukutshabalalisa lutshaba enokwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, ukudalwa ezabo atom abaseMelika kwakhokelela ukuveliswa intlawulo efanayo kunye nenkampani yayo TU-4 kwi-USSR. Kwi kuhlaselwa Russian - enomjukujelwa zenyukliya enjalo "R-7A" - baseMerika waphendula ngexabiso "Titan-2".

Njengoko "Impendulo yethu Chamberlain" ngo-1978, i-yesicelo wayalela Atomic Scientists kwiziko secret "Arzamas-16" ukuphuhlisa nokwazisa izixhobo neutron zasekhaya. Noko ke, akuzange phantsi amandla ukubamba up zikufumane eUnited States. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela uphuhliso laboratory kwenzeka, uMongameli Ronald Reagan wabhengeza ukuba indalo le nkqubo ngo-1983 "Star Wars." Xa kuthelekiswa nale program yamabhongo, iziqhushumbisi, nkqu ngentlawulo neutron ngathi shot of babukele abantwana. Njengoko America ilahlwe izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha, yaye izazinzulu Russian walibala ngayo.