Na uhlolo lwefuthe lokusingqongileyo njani?

Phakathi imingeni emikhulu kwenkulungwane yama-21 yeyona umbuzo lokhuselo lwendalo esingqongileyo. Nokuxhasa ukuvela ntlekele eziphilayo kunegalelo longcoliseko lwemithombo ezibalulekileyo zendalo - umhlaba, umoya namanzi - ngokwenza ishishini inkunkuma, imveliso kwezolimo, kuthungelwano lwezothutho.

Ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwimizi-isikali amashishini kunye neenkqubo zothutho (apho musa ukuvelisa uvavanyo lwefuthe kokusingqongileyo) emoyeni, emanzini nasentlabathini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sele ifikelele enkulu engamkelekanga. Kwezinye iindawo, ezifana kumaziko mveliso omkhulu, isidanga ungcoliseko kakhulu ngaphezulu imigangatho yezempilo. A indima ephambili kwinkqubo ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ngoku udlalwa nge chemical kunye amafutha mveliso, amashishini metallurgical, namandla.

Nanku umzekelo. Inani elikhulu mveliso mihla ivelisa yityhefu guquki engamanzi inkunkuma, zibe ngokwanelisayo ucocwe, yaye ngenxa yoko, kufuneka wayolula ukuzikhetha de kube ukubola yazo zendalo okanye yokubola. Olu hlobo ezingcolisa zibekwe kumadama kunye nezakhiwo ezifana, ukuqinisekisa ukuzikhetha ngokupheleleyo cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, izakhiwo ezinjalo ngokuzenzekelayo yimithombo kwezinto ndzulu zibe umphezulu okanye komhlaba angenwa lulwelo ngenxa yokusela. Uvavanyo lwempembelelo Environmental eyenziwa ngokuyimfuneko ukuze iinkampani ikhankanywe apha ngentla.

Ukuhlola impembelelo kokusingqongileyo (EIA) ibandakanya iindlela kunye nokuhlanganiswa neemfuno kokusingqongileyo imithetho ekhoyo ekulungiseleleni lokuqala kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho, uyilo kunye nezinye izigqibo. Bona ejoliswe ekuthinteleni kunye ekufumanekeni neziyilimazayo indalo zitshabalalise okusingqongileyo kunye neziphumo karhulumente ukuphunyezwa kwazo iinqwelomoya ze kokusingqongileyo, kwezentlalo amaziko kunye noqoqosho. Uvavanyo lwempembelelo Environmental ijolise ukuchaza uhlolo-mali iindleko amanyathelo ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo.

Ukulungiswa kwe EIA kufuneka lusekelwe kwinkqubo ekhoyo kwemigangatho igosa likarhulumente kwimiba kulondolozo lwendalo (GOST ukususela 17.1 ukuya 17.8), nesithethe, leyo iza kucacisa umgangatho kokusingqongileyo, kuquka ulwakhiwo kunye nesempilweni.

Uvavanyo lwempembelelo Environmental - ngumsebenzi ubhetyebhetye multi-disciplinary, ebonisa ulwazi eziliqela amasebe ngenzululwazi. Oku kusekelwe kwizinto ezikhoyo kunye nolwazi malunga nobume bendalo, isenzo bafakela kuyo eqikelelweyo into. Ekulungiseleleni i-EIA njengoko bayamenywa beqonga kuphela iingcali ezinamava abo kakuhle kule ndlela ababameleyo iinkalo nobuchule. Ngenxa yabo kufuneka iziganeko ezibalulekileyo izinto eziya kusetyenziselwa ukwakha indawo yakho kwangaphambili kwisibonelelo ezicwangcisiweyo.

Intsingiselo yokuvavanya impembelelo izinto kokusingqongileyo kukuba ukuthintela ukuhla komgangatho wemo kunokwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo imisebenzi oqoqosho, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kokusingqongileyo ndawo phezu kwento, ukusekwa neemeko zokuphila eziqhelekileyo olufanelekileyo yabemi. Kufuneka lwandulelwe isigqibo acwangciswayo utyalo-mali kwi projekthi. Ngokufutshane, uhlolo lwefuthe lokusingqongileyo lichazwa ngokuthi intsimi isicelo zenzululwazi zendalo, kudityaniswe izenzo ezentlalo nezokusingqongileyo ezingundoqo.