Uluhlu lwetan lomlilo. Injongo yoluhlu oluphezulu lweetanki

Kuza kube namhlanje, itanki isebenza njengomlilo omkhulu wemikhosi yanamhlanje. Kwaye uhlala ephumeleleyo nguye owenza i-duel inokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukubetha itanki lezitha. Uluhlu lomlilo kule meko lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba lukuvumela ukuba uvuthe umlilo kwiintshaba okanye kwindawo yokungena.

Amaqonga anciphisa uluhlu lweendiza

Okwangoku, oonjiniyela boyilo bahlakulela ezintsha kunye neendlela ezintsha ezandisa uluhlu lweetanki zanamhlanje. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba bazama njani, akunakwenzeka ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo izinto ezinciphisa uluhlu lweendiza ze-projectile.

Ngokweqhinga, ukuba igobolondo ayingasetyenziswa yimikhosi yangaphandle ngexesha lokuhamba, oko kwakuza kuhamba kwindawo echanekileyo. Kodwa phantsi kwezenzo zobunzima, uthandwa kumhlaba, ulahlekelwa isantya sawo sokuqala kunye neentlobo zendiza, uguqula umzila wakhe kwisiganeko.

Ukongezelela, amandla okumelana nomoya asebenza kulo naliphi na umzimba ohambahambayo, ongagcini nje ukunciphisa isantya seenqwelo zendiza, kodwa kudla ukuguqula i-projectile, ukunika ukunyakaza okujikelezayo. Ngokunciphisa impembelelo yale micimbi ingentla, inokufezekiswa ukuba uluhlu oluphezulu lweetanki luya kuba lukhulu.

Izindlela eziphambili zokunyusa umlinganiselo womlilo

Ukunciphisa impembelelo yendalo, ungasebenzisa indlela eyodwa kuphela - ukunciphisa ubunzima be-tank projectile. Amanyathelo okunciphisa ubunzima abunqabile kakhulu, kuba kuxhomekeke kumandla angena phambili entloko.

Ukunciphisa amandla okumelana nomoya kwi- projectile unikeza uhlobo oluthile olusisiseko, oluphucula izakhiwo zalo zendalo. Intloko ibukhali, kwaye inxalenye ye zapoyachkovuyu iyatshisa kwinqanaba elithile. Ukuphelisa ukuguqulwa kweenqwelo ezindizayo, unikezelwa ngesimo sakhe sokujikeleza.

Ukwenza igobolondo ijikeleze ngeenxa zonke zayo, izithuba ezikhethekileyo zomoya ziyacinywa kwisitraki ngaphambi kokumisela itanki. Uluhlu lokudubula luyanda, kodwa ingxaki eyahlukileyo ivela - ukuphuma, okanye ukuchithwa kweprojekti ukuya ngakwesokunene okanye ngakwesobunxele kumgca weskrini.

Isikhokelo sokufuduka kwinqanaba elixhomekeke kwi-axis esezantsi lixhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuqiniswa kweziteshi ngaphakathi kwesiqu. Ukuba bakhuphukela ngakwesokudla, i-projectile ehambahambayo iya kuphambukela kwicala lasekunene, kwaye xa iinjongo zomqhubi kufuneka zikhokele ekukhohlo.

Isantya seenqwelo zokuhamba kunye nomzila

Kukho enye into echaphazela uluhlu lweendiza-isantya sokuqala sentshukumo ye-projectile. Ngoko ke, okuncinci ukukhawuleza kokuqala, ukutsala kwetanki kufuneka. Uluhlu lomlilo luxhomekeke kwii-angles zokuphosa, ezathi ziphinde zibekwe ngokukhawuleza kokuqala. Iimitha ezingaphezu kwesibini kwinqanaba eliphambili ngexesha lokuhamba, i-angle encinane kufuneka imiselwe umonakalo ojoliswe kuwo.

Zonke izinto ezidwelisweyo-ukufumana, i-angle yokuphonsa, amandla okuqala okubaleka-ukubeka umzila wokuhamba kweprojekti. Umsebenzi oyintloko ojongene noonjiniyela kule nqanaba lokuphuhlisa iteknoloji yeTanki kukunika igobolondo enye indlela ehamba ngqo ye-glide. Ngoku liyi-parabola.

Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lomlilo

Esinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zokusebenza kwamanoni, ezifakwe kwi-anti-tank gun kunye ne-tank - udidi lomlilo othe ngqo, oko kukuthi, umgama umsila uya kubhabha, uphambuke kwi-trajectory ehambelana nomgama ongagqithanga ukuphakama kwejoliswe ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ngamathangi, umzila we-glide awufanele ube ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-2 eziphezulu.

Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhuselwa kwezikhundla, ukwenzela ukuba luzinze ngakumbi, okokuqala kukho konke okuyimfuneko ukwandisa uluhlu lokudubula ngqo. Ukwandisa umgama apho umlilo osebenzayo ungashenxiswa kwizixhobo zeentshaba, ukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa okukhulu kweetangi, kwenza kube lula ukwandisa ukukhusela.

Iinjineli-abaklami bazama ukwandisa isantya sokuqala kwendiza ye-projectile, ukwenzela ukuba uluhlu olujoliswe kumlilo wetanki luphezulu. Isibonakaliso somgama osebenzayo womlilo sikhatshwa ngokukhawuleza nokukhawuleza kokuqala kweempawu - zilishumi ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini phezulu kuneyokuqala "ukukhawuleza". Ngokomzekelo, ngesantya se-1000 m / s ububanzi bendiza kuya kuba ngama-1100-1200 amitha.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwama-projectiles

Umkhosi we-projectile ukuqaliswa kwi-muzzle yetanki kuchaphazela ixesha le-flight-ephakamileyo izinga lokusheshisa, inani elingaphantsi kwexesha eliza kubamba emoyeni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa kuqhutyelwa ukuqhubela phambili iithagethi, kunciphisa inani leephene ezivumelekileyo kwimeko yokubikezela ngokungafanelekanga kwendlela yokuhamba.

Ukuphumelela kokudubula kuchaphazelekayo ngokusabalalisa ama-projectiles-indawo engumlinganiselo wokubethelwa kwelinye ipopu ixoshe ekujoliswe kuyo. Ukuphambuka kokungena kwe-nucleus ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujolisa likhula kunye nomgama ekujoliswe kuyo. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kwefuthe leemeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukukhawuleza kweCoriolis. Ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukusabalalisa akunakwenzeka.

Uhlobo lomlilo

Kule nqanaba ekuphuhlisweni kwetheknoloji yezobugcisa, iinjineli zizisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ezivumela ukuba imikhosi yeentshaba ihlulwe kumgama we-10 km okanye ngaphezulu. Uluphi udidi lokudubula itanki, elimi kwiimbambano zomkhosi ngamnye ngamnye, awukwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo - umzekelo ngamnye uhlukile.

Ukwandisa uludwe lwabaqambi beenqwelo-moya abasebenzisi kuphela iindlela ezibhalwe ngasentla, kodwa zenzele iindlela ezintsha zokuqhuba umlilo. Ngoku kukho ezimbini iintlobo eziphambili zezixhobo ezinjalo:

1. I-ATGM i-missile ekhokelwa yi-anti-tank ekhokelwayo, inxalenye yeengalo zamatanki amaninzi kunye neenkqubo zokulwa netanki, ngaphambili kwakukho isicatshulwa se-ATGM
2. I-BOPS i-projectile ye-armored-piercing feathered substrate, eyenza uzinze emoyeni kungekhona ngenxa yokujikeleza kwi-axis yayo, kodwa ngenxa yezisombululo ze-aerodynamic.

Ngoko, umzekelo, uluhlu lokudubula itanki ye-T-90 kunye ne-ATGM izibhamu ngamamitha angama-5000, kwaye umlilo unokuxothwa kumgama we-0.1 km ukusuka kwisibhamu se-BOPS.

Ibutho leTanki ye-T-90

Isixhobo esiphezulu seTanki ye-T-90 simelelwa ngumpu we-125-mm smoothbore, odibene nomfaki-mshini kwaye uqhutywe kwii-trunnion, ukubonelela ngokuguquguquka xa ujolise ekujoliswe kuyo. Inkqubo yokuzinza imelwa ngu "Jasmin". I-gun entsha inokuchaneka okuphezulu kokudubula, ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza - imizuzwana engama-6.5 ngenxa yokulayisha ngokuzenzekelayo.

Enye yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zompompo kukukwazi ukutshaya umlilo. Uluhlu lokudubula lweT-90 tank ne-ATGM izibhamu zi-5 km. Oku kunikezelwa ngamalungiselelo anamhlanje kwezixhobo zombini kunye neenkomfa ezithe ngqo.

Inkqubo yokulawula i-missile yinkcazo imelwe ngetya lekhomputha yekhompyutha kunye nekhomputha ye-ballistic, iyunithi yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye izitshilo, eziveliswa yimikhosi ekhokelwayo yerangi. Iziphakamiso zobunjineli ezinikezelwe zivumela ukuba zichane ngokuchaneka ngaphezu kwama-60% zombini iithagethi eziphambili, kwaye zihamba ngesantya esingaphezu kwama-70 km / h.

Ibutho leTanki ye-T-80

Itanki ye-T-80 yayidume ngokuba ngumshini wokuqala wezempi kunye ne-injini yerhasi. Wavumela ukunciphisa ixesha lokulungiselela umatshini ukwenzela ukuqhubela phambili. Ngenxa yokuba ngoku injini ayifuni ukufudumala, umatshini unakho:

1. Ngokukhawuleza uqale ukuhamba kunye neqondo lokushisa.
2. Qalisa ukusasazwa emva kwemizuzu engama-2-3 emva kokuqala isitshixo samandla kwindawo yokushisa ephezulu -18 degrees Celsius.
3. Qala ithrafikhi emva kwemizuzu engama-20-30 phantsi kweemeko ezinzulu zezulu.

Ngethuba liyimodeli engapheliyo, kodwa isetyenziswe kwiimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Yaphuhliswa ngowe-1976. Isibhamu esiphezulu si-125 mm i-cannon hlobo 2A46-1.

Uluhlu lwetanki le-T-80 ukusuka kumpompi oyintloko malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3700. Ekuqaleni kwemveliso yayo ayizange ifakwe izixhobo ezikhokelwayo. Ukutshintshwa kweteknoloji efumanekayo ukufakela kwe-ATGM, kwaye uluhlu lwemibhobho lwalo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5.

Ibutho leTanki ye-T-64

I-tank enkulu ye-tank T-64 yaveliswa kuma-70-80s ekhulwini lokugqibela. Nangona ubudala bebudala, le ndlela inokuziqhayisa ngezinto ezintle. Umbane ophezulu oomatshini umele nge-125 mm ephazamisayo-ephethe umpu onokutsha umlilo iindidi ezine-projectiles-i-caliber, i-accumulation, i-miss-explosive and missiles.

Ubonise i-TTX ye-T-64 ibhanti yokudubula kwezixhobo zayo. Izibhamu ze-ATGM ziyakwazi ukubetha ithagethi kumgama wee-10 000 zamitha. Inkqantosi yokulwa neenqwelo-moya, emele umpu womshini kunye nomtya we-tape we-12.7 mm, ungabetha ithagethi emoyeni kude kumgama we-1.5 km. Izibhamu zibetha ngokuchanekileyo kwizinto ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nezihambelayo.

Ukuze udidi lwe-T-64 lube lusebenza ngakumbi, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezibonakalayo kwi-cockpit ezitholakalayo kumphathi wamatshini kunye nomkhweli. Izixhobo zixhotywe nge-9-fold fold optical zoom kunye neenkqubo zokuqaphela ebusuku. Nangona ubudala obukhulu, imoto isetyenziswa ngamazwe amaninzi emhlabeni wonke.