Mhambi Russian Habarov Erofey Pavlovich biography lokuvula

Erofey Khabarov, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi, negalelo kakhulu ukwanda kummandla eli lizwe. Isiphelo sakhe kunye nobomi wasithimba intshukumo ukuya ngasempuma karhulumente. Cinga waphila ngakumbi indlela Habarov Erofey Pavlovich, oko kwavula lo mntu, yintoni impumelelo wenza imbali.

indawo yokuzalwa

Iimbambano ngayo egcinelwe ixesha elide. Iindawo eziphambili wokuzalwa oluthelekiswa kwilali Svyatitsa Votlozhemskoy kumarhamente, kwidolophana kunye Kurtseva Dmitrieva. Eyokuqala ithathwa njengeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo. Umbhali e-worldwork theory ukuba wazalelwa Habarov Erofey Dmitriev, wayengusosayensi evela Belov iLeningrad. Wafunda oluninzi amaxwebhu, ezisekelwe kuyo, yaye hypothesized. Ekubeni ingqalelo indawo awazalelwa kuyo ilali Dmitrieva (leyo okwangoku ikhona kwiSithili Nyuksensky), ISAZINZULU akazange ithathele ingqalelo into yokuba esi sisombululo zange isicelo njengoko phambi kwisahlulo yolawulo indawo ukuya Votlozhemskoy Parish.

Erofey Khabarov: ibhayografi emfutshane

Usomashishini elizayo kunye ingumhambi engumlimi. Erofey Khabarov (iminyaka yobomi nokufa 1603-1671) washiya intsapho yakhe kunye zokulima enkulu kangangoko-isikali, yaye emva nezinye kakhulu nempumelelo kunye abalimi ezamahala Vologda, abazingeli nabalobi ka Primorye, ekhangela adventure ubutyebi Cossacks ukusuka Don kunye iVolga, sasinga Stone Belt. Bonke aba bantu babefuna hlathi kolunye udini, uye imilambo eMpuma eSiberia. Ngoko ke, lo mhloli Russian Erofey Khabarov weza 1628, unyaka ukuya Yenisei. Apha oko kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kakuhle intsimi, waqala ukuba abandakanyeke olimekayo umkhwa kwezolimo, waqala zorhwebo. ixesha elithile Habarov Erofei bakhonza Yeniseysk. Wenze uhambo ukuya Taimyr kunye Mangazeya, kunye nomzalwana wakhe Nikifor wayefuna ukubuyela kwintsapho yakhe, phantsi Ustyug Omkhulu. Kodwa endaweni yoko, babuyela eSiberia. Baya elugxubeni Ustyug kunye Vologda nabangeneleli. Abantu batshutshiswa ngengqibo kakumkani nabafazi Dvinskikh. Le yokugqibela ezazijoliswe umfazi Lena kunye Yenisei musketeers. Khabarov Erofei akazange ukuphuhlisa lulimo eSiberia. Kodwa yena nethamsanqa kakhulu kurhwebo. Kungekudala waba usomashishini osisityebi. Kanye phakathi kwabantu kwabakho ludaba ubutyebi kwi kweenxweme Lena lomlambo, squad wafumana izinto eziyimfuneko evela kuNondyebo ke ndawonye waya kwindawo entsha.

ejele

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe yokuqala Khabarov Erofei babhadula ecaleni omlambo lomlambo. Apho inxaxheba kurhwebo uboya. Xa th 1639 waze kwi emlonyeni Kuta. Ukusuka ezantsi edikeni, iqhele khona, bathi omnye bamtyabula, amaqhosha ityuwa encinane. Apha ne-esile Habarov Erofei, lwahlwayela ilizwe, wakha amaqula kunye Varnita. Simple technology yetyuwa wafunda ngakumbi ekhaya - e Totma, Ustyug kunye neetyuwa Vychegodskaya. Kungekudala kukho kuphuhliswa urhwebo wetyuwa, isonka kunye nezinye iimpahla. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1641 Khabarov Erofei wafudukela emlonyeni Kirenga. Apha ke waqalisa ifama, leyo ngokukhawuleza eyandisiweyo. Ngenye imini, waboleka squad Golovin ths-3. Iitoni okuziinkozo. Noko ke, irhuluneli, hayi nje akazange abuyele into wathabatha, kodwa kungekudala wazithabatha Yerofei onke isonka, imisebenzi ityuwa zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso wokulondoloza imali, yaye inkoliso Khabarova aphoswe entolongweni. Sifumane inkululeko usomashishini osakhasayo unako kuphela 1645-th nyaka. Noko ke, izinto awazenzayo ngumphandi Russian Erofey Pavlovich Habarov yinto elidlulileyo.

Sihamba e Dauria

Ngowe-1648, lo nyaka indawo Golovin weza Frantsbekov. Ehlabathini esifanayo kubanjwe Poyarkova hambo in Dauria. Noko ke, qhagamshelana nabantu basekuhlaleni asiphumelelanga kakhulu. Khabarov wayesazi ngayo. Ukongezelela, waba ulwazi ebantwini ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuziphatha, ubutyebi Dauria. Erofey Khabarov zishwankathelwe ulwazi Frantsbekovu. Ke noko, wayethembe ukuba le rhuluneli intsha ngeke siphuthelwe ithuba ukuba zizityebi. Ngoko ke wathatha uhambo Yerofei Khabarova e Dauria. mali, engenanto, kodwa umhambi sele kwaziwa kakuhle iintloko amasiko. Frantsbekov wanika credit izixhobo zikarhulumente (a guns ezimbalwa ingakumbi), kunye nezixhobo mikhosi kwakunye izixhobo zolimo. Ukususela mali zobuqu oomantyi (at inzala), bonke abathathi-nxaxheba afumana imali phulo. Ukuqinisekisa intshukumo lomlambo, wathatha Frantsbekov wabhenela Yakut mveliso. Voivod iye asuswe kubo umyeni; kananjalo isonka kukuninzi ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela 70 Cossacks, lowo sasihlanganisene Habarov squad.

yokuwela

Khabarov, eqonda ukuba ngokungekho bayacudisa, ukuphanga oomantyi kunokukhokelela isiyaluyalu ngexesha elifutshane wachitha ezaziqokelela baphuma Yakutsk. Xa ukuwa-1649, unyaka iqela lakhe wayehamba phezulu imilambo Lena kunye Olekma Tungiro ukuya emlonyeni. Ngexesha iqabaka umkhankaso wenza stop. NgoJanuwari 1650 lo wona libutho yokuqala eyayihamba isileyi wathola Tungiro ngasezantsi. loza Ukuba on spring amadoda Olemkinskom Stanovik kufika Urki. Emva kwexesha, iya kummisa apha kwisikhululo sikaloliwe kunye nokuhlaliswa (elikhankanywayo for Erofey Khabarov).

uphuhliso lomhlaba

Daur, ukufunda ngamava yeza, wakhawuleza ukushiya nemizi yazo. Ngoko habarovtsy wangena kuqala enqatyisiweyo kakuhle, kodwa ngelo xesha esele isixeko engenanto Duke kwibhentshi. Apha Cossacks wabona izindlu ezinkulu kunye eliqaqambileyo ngamaplanga. Kwakukho amakhulu ambalwa. Iifestile ngokubanzi izindlu zagutyungelwa iphepha ogalelwe ioli ube mnye. Ngamnye kubo baphile abantu abangama-50 okanye ngaphezulu. Kaloku baberhola kakuhle ezigqunywe emigodini ezinkulu. Baba isitokhwe yengqolowa. Into elandelayo, nto leyo Erofey Khabarov - Amur. Endleleni, ngamava waya emizini efanayo engenanto needolophana. Ngenxa yoko, kwenye emizaneni Cossacks wafumana umfazi. Oku kwakhokelela Khabarov. Wathi ukuba kwelinye icala lomlambo lilizwe kutyeba kakhulu kwaye ngaphezu Dauria. Yaba umlawuli onamandla, owaba umkhosi ngemipu kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ilizwe wathi yena, waba naseManchuria.

umkhankaso entsha

In "dolophu Levkavom" Khabarov eziyi-50 Cossacks. Ngowe-1650-m ekupheleni kukaMeyi, wabuyela Yakutsk. Njengoko kweli phulo, iyavuma ukuba Dahuria umzobo. Eli khadi kunye ingxelo uhambo lwakhe kamva bantinga eMoscow. Le ndawo umzobo iye yaba yenye yemithombo ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa ekudalweni amakhadi eSiberia kwenkulungwane ye-17. In Yakutsk Khabarov kwakhona bavakalisa ukwamkelwa iqela, ethetha yonke ubutyebi ezinkulu emhlabeni Dauria. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba onamathele ngabantu 110. Frantsbekov undichukela kubo 27 "servitors" abantu yaye iqembu sekhe ezintathu. Kukuwa 1650 Khabarov wabuyela Amur.

imikhankaso nochuku

unit wakhe, wafumana iindonga enqabeni Albazin. Cossacks wazama ukuba ahlasele oko. Daur, ebona ngamava amatsha, basaba. Kodwa Russian lifika nabo, wayithimba amabanjwa amaninzi. Khabarov wenza Albazin iintente zawo base. Ukusuka apho ke wahlasela iidolophana daurskie ezikufuphi, ukuthatha amabanjwa. Phakathi nabafo kwakukho abafazi. Cossack yabo ingxolo phakathi kwabo.

wayenothotho

NgoJuni 1651 kuqala baqala ukugudla ecaleni Amur. Ixesha lokuqala Cossacks ndabona abashiywe kuphela watshisa abemi zokuhlala ezincinci. Noko ke, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva Khabarova wayenothotho waya imizi enqatyisiweyo. Phakathi kweendonga zayo ukuziphendulela walungisa amabutho emhlophe-naped. Ngenxa shaka zokudubula Cossacks wawuthimba umzi. Emva capture iiveki eziliqela wona wema phakathi komzi. Khabarov wathumela abathunywa kuzo zonke iindlela, ukukholisa umthetheli Daurian uye ngokuzithandela phantsi kolawulo Russian Tsar uze uhlawule irhafu. Kodwa basekuhlaleni ngelo xesha ngabalawulwa naseManchuria. prince Daurian wabona kungekho ingqondo ekuhlawuleni irhafu ukuya kwenye kwirhuluneli. Wayenothotho Khabarova, bathimba amahashe, waya ngakumbi. Cossacks wadibana kwakhona amasimi uncompressed kunye needolophana ibhungane. Ngokutsho imithombo, ngoAgasti, nje ngezantsi emlonyeni i Zeya River Russian iqembu ngaphandle uxhathiso wathabatha inqaba, eyirhawula kwidolophana ekufutshane ngokokuze abahlali bendawo ukuqaphela ubumi kakumkani. Khabarov kulindeleke afumane unikelo elikhulu, kodwa nako ukuzisa ezimbalwa sables kuthinjwa, ethembisa ukuba ekwindla iya kuhlawula ngokupheleleyo unikelo. Phakathi Cossacks and Daur kwasekwa ubudlelane ebonakala seluxolweni. Noko ke, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva bendawo kunye neentsapho zabo uphoswe ekhayeni novulelweyo. Khabarov ukuphendula enqabeni utshiswe yaye waqhubeka uhambo lwakhe phantsi Amur. Ukususela emlonyeni Bureya baqalisa imimandla kumiwa gogulyami. Oku kufana kubantu Manchus. Zokuhlala zathi saa kwaye bomthonyama babengenakunikela uxhathiso Cossacks, wafika elunxwemeni, nasekuphangweni kubo. Kwathiwa ngokukhawuleza bambamba Pashennoye duchers, ngubani kanye wabatshabalalisa yinxalenye squad inxaxheba kweli phulo Poyarkova. abantu Khabarova ezaxhobela ngcono, kwaye bebaninzi kakhulu.

Nanai yokuhlala

Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, bafika intsimi entsha baze bema yokuhlala enkulu. Isiqingatha sabemi Cossacks Khabarov wathumela nentlanzi enxuse. Nanai kunye duchers babesebenzisa le, bahlasela yinxalenye squad. Nangona kunjalo, abantu balapha boyiswa kwaye walahlekelwa ngaphezu kwekhulu abantu babulawa, bona lweMedia. Khabarov, ke, bya le zokuhlala wahlala khona ebusika. Ukusuka apho Cossacks ayihlasela kwiidolophana zasekuhlaleni ukuqokelela irhafu. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1652 baye bahlaselwa enkulu (malunga nama-1000 abantu) Manchurian kwecala. Kodwa abahlaseli boyiswa. Khabarov wayesazi ukuba imikhosi yakhe ezininzi ziya kuba nako ukufaka kwikhompyutha ilizwe lonke. komlambo kanye zinyibilikisiwe, wemka redoubt yaqonda umfula.

squad yahlula

NgoJuni, ngaphezu nje umlomo lomlambo. Songhua Khabarov wadibana ngamava abangabancedani Russian. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, waqhubeka siphumele, njengoko sifundile ukuba Manchus bahlanganisana nxamnye naye umkhosi 6000th. Kwinyanga ka-Agasti, Khabarov ime emlonyeni lomlambo. Zeya. Kukho yinxalenye yeqela "ngabantu abanomdla" bavukela yaye bababamba iinqanawa ezintathu wabaleka. Ukuhambisa ecaleni Amur, baphanga baza bambulala Nanai, daurov kunye duchers. Ngoko babehamba ilizwe Gilyak waza kokuqokelelwa ejele irhafu. Kodwa Khabarov kwakufuneka kungabikho ukuba zingasondeli. NgoSeptemba, wafika kule ntolongo wadubula kuye. kubantu abaziinjubaqa wathembisa ukuba anikezele, ukuba aphambukele khona, musa ukulisusa ixhoba labo. Khabarov wazalisekisa ukuba imeko ngokungaphelelanga kuphela. On imiyalelo yakhe, abanginizayo wabethwa kanobom (abanye ekufeni), namaxhoba, wamshiya yena.

yesibini ebusika

Khabarov wakhe wachitha ilizwe Gilyak. Ngu 1653rd entwasahlobo wabuyela umlomo Zeya, ku Dauria. Ehlotyeni yena Cossack wahamba phezulu kwaye phantsi ecaleni yasak Amur eqokelelwe. Ibhanki lasekhohlo lomlambo phakathi ingenanto. abasemagunyeni naseManchuria wayalela abahlali ukuba bafudukele kwicala lasekunene. Tsar Russian ngexesha wathumela umkhosi 3 amawaka abantu, babeyalwa ngako yi Lobanov-Rostovsky. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba yena kakumkani kufika Ambassador Zinoviev. Yena wazisa Khabarov kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-mabhaso phulo. Kunye nale Zinovev ataman zisuswe isikhokelo ngakumbi. Xa Khabarov wenqaba Ambassador bamtyabula, saya eMoscow. Endleleni, Zinoviev wathimba naye konke okube.

Emva kwentlanganiso nokumkani

Alexis wayefuna ukubona Khabarova. Wamnika ukwamkelwa elungileyo, Zinoviev wayalelwa ukuba abuyele yonke impahla ye Ataman. Khabarov ukumkani uwavumele kwesihloko "unyana izinduna." I UMlawuli wammisa nonobhala zokuhlala kwi kummandla Lena River ukuya Ilima. Ukongeza, Khabarov wafumana iilali eziliqela e Eastern eSiberia. Noko ke, ukumkani, esazi ukuba ubungonyama sisikhulu ukuya kubemi bomthonyama, wawayalela ukuba abuyele ezweni ongaphuhliswanga. I koMlawuli kakhulu igalelo wenza yokwanda ndawo lizwe Habarov Erofey Pavlovich - wavula kwaye kakuhle lo mntu ukususela ngelo xesha yinxalenye karhulumente. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kratya enkulu yasekwa kwiMpuma Ekude. iziko yolawulo kuthiwa iyavuma. Ukongeza, ezi ngasentla okuthethiweyo kwisikhululo sikaloliwe, leyo ibizwa ngegama laloo mntu. Kufuneka ke ukuba esi sisombululo ukhona namhlanje. Ukongeza, igama isikhulu ekuthiwa iilali ezimbalwa ezincinane, ezitratweni kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo kweli lizwe.

indawo yokungcwaba

Akwaziwa. Njengoko imithombo bathi, iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela Khabarov ebibanjelwe Ust-Kirenga. Ngoku ibizwa ngokuba sisixeko Kirensk (kummandla Irkutsk.). Ngoko ke, ebanga imvakalelo ukuba indawo yokufa isikhulu apho. Kodwa eminye imithombo, Khabarova ingcwaba waba entolongweni Bratsk (Bratsk, Irkutsk kummandla enye.).

lesikhumbuzo

Kokuba imisiwe iyavuma (embindini yolawulo kummandla) kwi forecourt. Imikrolo, kuthathwe njengesiseko lesikhumbuzo wadalwa Milchina. Monument Erofeyu Habarovu esekwe ngoMeyi 29 we-1958 isigqibo ukuyila lesikhumbuzo wathabatha iminyaka emihlanu phambi kokuba unyaka we-100 kweso sixeko. Umsebenzi kwi Umfanekiso yaqala ngo-1950. Esemncinane waza kuboniswa All-Union Mboniso ka-Art. Xa umbuzo litye lesikhumbuzo Khabarov, ukuba lo ukukrola iye kusetyenziswa njengesiseko. Ke ukuba ukufana, into ngayo ayikwazi ngazo. Le mithombo azinayo nayiphi na imifanekiso, iinkcazelo okanye Khabarova imbonakalo. Umsebenzi kwi lesikhumbuzo waze ngoFebruwari 1958 ngonyaka. Ngelo xesha, siya waqala ukubakhupha ngezibumbi udaka ye elements ngamnye litye lesikhumbuzo. usibumba wagqitywa phakathi-Matshi. izinto Kugqityiwe sathunyelwa eMoscow (in Mytishchi) ukuya Foundry yokuluka. Le lesikhumbuzo ubonisa Khabarova bakhwela eweni. Xa sijonga le Amur wanikwa esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo uqhuba esongwayo, kunye nelungelo ukugcina iingubo floor, ukutyibilika ethabathela emagxeni akhe. Phambi kwinqwanqwa kukho othi "Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov." Ukuphakama yamanani - 4.5 m, ukuphakama iyonke kunye kwamanqwanqwa - 11.5. Ulwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo wenziwa iintsuku ezi-2 phambi Century City.