Ubukumkani kwezityalo: imizekelo, iindidi esisiseko ngendlela kunye neempawu yesakhiwo

Thelekisa ngendlela iindidi ubukumkani yezityalo, unike imizekelo ezi zinto ziphilayo, chaza iimpawu yezakhiwo zabo ... Ukuba unayo ubunzima kunye nokuphunyezwa kwale misebenzi, Inqaku lethu liza kukunceda uqonde lo mba.

Iimpawu zobukumkani plant

Zonke izinto eziphila kulo mhlaba, izazinzulu ziye bathelela ebukumkanini wendalo. Izityalo, imizekelo apho siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku, iimpawu zabo ahlukile. Okokuqala, yindlela autotrophic yokudla. izityalo kuphela bekwazi nokuvelisa izinto eziphilayo kunye neoksijini ngamanzi kunye carbon dioxide phambi kwelanga. Indawo apho nomsi le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ekuthiwa yiphotosynthesis, aphuma uhlaza organelles iseli sisityalo - chloroplasts.

Iimpawu uphawu amalungu ale ubukumkani yokuphila, ukukhula mda, oluqhubekeka ubomi, kunye nobukho otashi ekudleni njengoko zizondlo obambele eqhotyoshelweyo.

plant systematics

search ngendlela zobukumkani yezityalo, imizekelo iza kuqwalaselwa yi kuthi ngakumbi, zisekelwe kubume jikelele iimpawu. Ekuqaleni, baya kuhlanganiswa zibe ngamaqela amabini: ezingezantsi neziphezulu. umzimba lokuqala libunjwa iiseli ezininzi ezizodwa, ezingeyo zomzimba, ebizwa thallus. A ophakamileyo isakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo igqabi kunye esiqwini.

kwezityalo

Le eziphilayo kakhulu elula ukuba amele ubukumkani kwezityalo. Imizekelo yalo ezaziwa bonke. Le kelp, okanye ingca yaselwandle, sorgassum, chlamydomonas, ulothrix, Volvox, Spirogyra. Phakathi kwazo kukho izinto abangatshatanga, multicellular kunye lobukoloniyali. Bonke abahlala emanzini. Ngaphandle kokuba thallus ukuba umzimba ulwelwe undifferentiated, baye rhizoids. Ezi zithinteli inxenye enze umsebenzi ingcambu, kodwa musa ezingeyo-tissue ngaphezu, yaye zahluke kubo. Njengoko amanzi ngokwako ixhasa uhlobo thallus ulele akukho inyama ngoomatshini.

izityalo eziphezulu

Izityalo ezenza izihlunu ngokwenene nogwali, zibizwa ngokuba ngaphezulu. abameli babo lokuqala aphuma amanzi kulo ilizwe, la ngabameli luwela. It ubulembu, ubulembu club, horsetails kunye kumila. Kunokuba rhizoids ezinye zivele inkqubo iingcambu ezinezikhondo, nto leyo eyandisa umqadi kwi yokusinda ngokufihlakeleyo iguqulwe kancinane. Bona zizalana ngokusebenzisa yokuzala maqanda weeseli - sikuyo. Enye into ke alternation izizukulwana kumjikelo ebomini babo. Kakhulu kunzima ukufumana imbewu izityalo, wabanika ithuba kulawula emhlabeni.

Ubukumkani izityalo: imizekelo kunye nokubekwa

Andise usebenzisa imbewu unika izityalo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima yokuhlala. Cinga nje ngomzekelo ka-ingakumbi Conifers. Bona abameli yeSebe Gymnosperms. osemqoka zazo zithwala kuba phambi amagqabi ezingcakacileyo neenaliti of imibhobho intlaka yomqeshi. A umxhelo - indawo iimbewu cone siyaqabela ezingagqunywanga okanye ezivulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko igama kubo. Kakade ke, ukuba amaqondo aphantsi okanye ukunqongophala kwamanzi, kodwa musa bonke zintshule. Kodwa, ngokwahlukileyo kwimbambano, imbewu ayizozakhiwo multicellular yaye izondlo lolaleliso - endosperm.

Kwindawo ngcono ngakumbi angiosperms. Bakha njengentyantyambo kunye iziqhamo, nto leyo uphuhliso kunye ekukhuleni iimbewu. Esi sakhiwo kufeza ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo, ngumthombo ubushushu namandla. Angiosperms isebe idibanisa iiklasi ezimbini: Omnye-and Dicotyledons. Befundisi a Cotyledon esinye ndiseyimbumba, inkqubo iingcambu ezinezikhondo, amagqabi elula yomgama. Ezi ziquka usapho okuziinkozo, itswele kunye Liliaceae. Bonke bephela zizityalo herbaceous ngenxa yokungabikho cambium - icala yemeko lemfundo. ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye bipartite ezininzi. Ngaphandle inani cotyledons buyazohlula inkqubo taproot, zombini amagqabi ezintsonkothileyo elula, phambi cambium. Phakathi kwazo kukho namakhambi namatyholo, kunye nemithi. Zezona kakhulu ngokubanzi Plant Kingdom. Imizekelo kakhulu oqhelekileyo - into Rosaceae, Ikhaphetshu, Solanaceae, kanti elithi, Bean.

Ixabiso lwabameli zobukumkani plant

Ixabiso bonke abameli isityalo kunzima ukuba zazi, kuba zinika zonke izinto eziphilayo imeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ubomi - oksijini. Ulwelwe kuba ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo, iziyobisi, ongeziweyo ukutya kunye nedayi umbandela iqala. Gymnosperms eyaziwa ngokuba ubukho kwemveliso eguqukayo kwaye neenkuni ezixabisekileyo. Umntu utya kwiziqhamo kunye iindawo zezityalo kweentyatyambo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ubukumkani yezityalo, imizekelo kunye neempawu eyondeleleneyo ethathelwe ingqalelo kweli nqaku, nezikhundla ezahlukeneyo ngqo kuphuhliso, ezahlukeneyo kwaye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi emhlabeni.