Ngubani na ke False nguDmitry 2? Falsdmitry umthetho 2 Yintoni ngokwenene?

Ezininzi nangoku khumbula imihla yam yesikolo ibinzana elithi "Tushino isela". Isibakala sokuba phantsi le lesiqhulo wayesithi Lzhedmitry 2, uninzi izifundo zakufunda kwimbali yeli lizwe.

Biography mkhohlisi

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho ezaziwayo igama lokwenyani, okanye imvelaphi yalo mntu twisisaka. Kukho nje uqikelelo balumke kakhulu nangokusebenzayo bawo malunga ngubani eneneni kwaba mkhohlisi Bubuxoki nguDmitry 2. biography i "litshatshazi". Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, wayengunyana ka umbingeleli. Omnye umthombo isixelela ukuba Lzhedmitry 2 sasivela zamaYuda kweli phondo okuhlazisayo, kodwa akukho lwazi oluthembekileyo. Ethetha umntu onjalo Lzhedmitry 2 ngokufutshane, singatsho ngokuzithemba: i adventurism, apho ikhona nawuphi na umntu Russian, kwakunye yokuvela impembelelo somnye ebomini bakhe wadlala indima iyingozi.

Mkhohlisi wabonakala ngehlobo lowe-1607 e-Starodub. Bonke ubomi bakhe ezimfutshane wachitha kwiimpikiswano zeenkcuba zasekuhlaleni neemfazwe. qhinga Falsdmitry 2 ngokusekelwe inguqulo eyandulela wakhe asindileyo kwimvukelo eMoscow. Phezu kwazo labanobuqokolo, yena abangathathi ntweni. Falsdmitry 2 iBhodi akazange athabathe indawo, kuba wayengakwazi ukuya komkhulu, ukuba isithsaba. ithemba lakhe engundoqo yaba amajoni Ivana Bolotnikova. Pretender babekholelwa ukuba zinceda ukuba zifake eMoscow, kodwa uncedo olukhulu Bolotnicov ziye akuphumelelanga.

umgaqo-nkqubo

Ebhankini kwiSabi izuza Falsdmitry amanani-2 kuphela local nempumelelo elifutshane-term. Kuyamangalisa ukuba unako ukubeka phantsi yakhe ngakwibhanile nkqu amandla encinane. Indlela kwi leri yakhe injongo yena, lwaqala uhambo ukuya kwisixeko Belarusian - Propoisk kunye Starodub. Ebonisa isibindi mkhohlisi wazisa UDimitri Ioannovich. Ngexesha elifutshane wakwazi ukufumana intembeko inani elikhulu labantu, uhlanganise kwindawo yazo amajoni le iindwalutho Polish, uNondyebo, kwakunye bavukeli Ivan Bolotnikov. Phantsi kweliso le zifundo athandabuzekayo iqela lafumana bendivula phezulu kwicala Bryansk, uze emva koko Tula. Yisayensi yokuqala ephefumlelweyo umkhosi. Ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni kwekomkhulu isiqingatha yezikhulu zengingqi ukuya False nguDmitry 2, owathi etroneni Russian. Ebetha Vasiliem Shuyskim, i bhedengu woyiswa kufuphi Khimki on Presnya. Kunjalo, wakwazi ukuba alungiselele inkampu kufuphi eMoscow Tushino. Kuye kwasekwa lendawo Boyar Duma, waqalisa ukusebenza ishedyuli yazo nemiyalelo. Lzhedmitry 2 elawulwayo kumantla eMoscow, yena wamthobela kwizixeko ezinkulu ezifana Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Vologda, Suzdal, Rostov. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe ezaxhobela zokugqibela zingeniswe Tushino ibanjwa Metropolitan Filaret Romanov, leyo uYesu enguye. inkxaso eqaphelekayo izidubedube eyayithandwa, exhaswa ngamandla izinduna kunye ukunganeliseki Vasiliya Shuyskogo.

zokuqinisa isikhundla

Ngelo xesha, kwafika ukufuna amandla inzuzo lula ngoJulayi 1608 ngo Tushino Marina Mniszek, nguye lo mhlolokazi esemthethweni Falsdmitry 1. Phantsi ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano ukuxolelana kunye namanqwanqwa wakhululwa zaya endle. Ngeso sihlandlo, kwi "Tushino isela" umfazi wabona indoda yakhe, okuthiwa kwasinda ngokungummangaliso. Kakade ke, le nto waphinda ukuqinisekisile kutshintsha bhedengu wobuxoki emehlweni abanye. Laba watshata ngasese, yaye baba nonyana.

Amandla abahlaseli Polish

Eli lizwe ekugqibeleni efakiweyo imo nokungalawuleki. In Tushino eyadini ukuba Yahlula kwaye woyise imiqobo. Kungenxa ezandleni zabo yaba ebugoseni, wayilungisa izenzo zabo iphaphethi: 2 Politika Lzhedmitriya kwaba phantsi kolawulo ngokupheleleyo zezibonda. Ukusebenzisa le, izibonda abakulungeleyo ziphangwe ngokuncamisileyo abalimi ezilula. behlasela wesihlangu Endless baqalisa ukubaleka zibe axhobileyo iimpendulo bale dolophu kunye nabalimi.

Kweli xesha ukususela kuSeptemba 1608 kwi-Januwari 1610 Polish namabutho Lithuanian lukungqinge oyiNgcwele Trinity Monastery. Nangona imeko enzima, i abavikeli woonongendi likwazile ukubonisa zonke ukuhlaselwa lutshaba nokukhusela loo ndawo yonqulo.

abahlaseli Polish ngo-1609 wenza iinzame ukumbamba ESmolensk, kodwa ayizange iphumelele. Kwakhona akunakwenzeka ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone ngeNkosi yakhe Russian - Wladyslaw.

ehlazisayo

Ngenxa yemigudu benkokeli oluphawulekayo yomkhosi kunye zephephandaba esemagqabini - MV Skopin-Shumsky Izicwangciso Falsdmitry 2 kwamcaphukisa. Ngowe-1609 ekugqibeleni kweminquba Tushino iwa. Kulo igquba ndawonye akazange afune kubekho nabani na ukuthobela, yonke into kanye imali lula. Lzhedmitry 2 wafumana akukho yimbi ngaphandle ukuba asabele ukulungela ukusebenza. Kodwa akukho akafunyanwa usindiso: ukufa bhedengu afumaneka kummandla ukulungela ukusebenza, apho wadubula servitor kwakhe - Urusov P.

Ngelo xesha, okumiselwe Ivan Bolotnikova eyayiyixhasa Falsdmitry 2, kungekho buhlungu ngaphantsi. Yena wabethwa kuqala uze emva koko kubulawa ngesibetho entloko a club. Bolotnikova umzimba abafileyo owaphosa emngxunyeni.

Ukubala

Ngoko ke, ukuba indlela ehlaziya abagqithelayo Lzhedmitry 2, ngokufutshane, kukho amanyathelo aliqela ezisisiseko:

-1607 Unyaka - ukubonakala ungumkhohlisi, asimise phambi kwakhe, amaxhoba Falsdmitry 1;

- 1608 - ukuyilwa yomkhosi yayo ukusuka yokutyiwa zemikhosi zonke imivimbo;

-11 Meyi 1608 - ngokoyiswa imikhosi karhulumente phantsi kokukhokelwa Shuya, imfundo Tushino kweminquba, zifake umhlaba omtsha;

-1609 Unyaka - imbonakalo ingxabano phakathi kweminquba, ukuba buthathaka Falsdmitry isikhundla 2;

-1610 Unyaka - kokupheliswa kweminquba Tushino, ukubaleka Falsdmitry 2 ukulungela ukusebenza;

-11 Disemba 1610 - zokubulala bhedengu wamngcatsha Petrom Urusovym.

Indawo uhlala Falsdmitry 2 indawo ayaziwa, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba kwelinye amabandla ukulungela ukusebenza.