NgoJanuwari 9, 1905 - Bloody ngeCawe (ngokufutshane). indaba

Enye iziganeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu ezenzeka kwimbali Russia - Sunday. Ngokufutshane, ngoJanuwari 9, 1905 kuthwalelwa phandle ukuphunyezwa Kumboniso, eyayizinyaswe malunga 140 lamawaka abameli sabasebenzi. Kwathi e St. Petersburg ebudeni bolawulo Nicholas II, neziye zithi ke ngoko abantu baqala ukubiza kweGazi. mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le yesehlo umfutho isigqibo ukuya ekuqaleni revolution 1905.

Sunday: Imbali emfutshane

Ekupheleni kuka-1904 izidubedube zezopolitiko yaqala kweli lizwe, kwathi emva kokoyiswa, apho urhulumente ubunzima elidume imfazwe Russian-Japanese. Ziziphi iziganeko ezakhokelela ubunzima ukudubula labasebenzi - nentlekele, leyo waziwa ngokuba Sunday? Ngokufutshane, konke oko kwaqala mbutho "yeNdibano abasebenzi mveliso Russian."

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ukwakhiwa kwalo mbutho inxaxheba negalelo kwiSebe Police. Oku kungenxa yokuba abasemagunyeni sasixhalabele inani elandayo akanelisekanga emsebenzini. Eyona njongo ephambili yale "eNdibano" ekuqaleni unogada sabasebenzi kwimpembelelo ubuxoki olululo, umbutho wemfundo ofanayo. Nangona kunjalo, i "Intlanganiso" alulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngabasemagunyeni, nto leyo utshintsho elibukhali lombutho khosi. Oku kubangelwe lomntu, ukuba intloko.

Georgi Gapon

Yintoni George Gapon ukuba olo suku lulusizi, ukuba uya kukhunjulwa njengoko Sunday? Ngokufutshane, kungenxa yobu umbingeleli yaba inspirer kunye nomququzeleli we Kumboniso, isiphumo apho waba buhlungu kakhulu. Gapon wathabatha phezu njengentloko "kwiNdibano 'ekupheleni kuka-1903, ngokukhawuleza kwaba amandla akhe amakhulu. An umbingeleli yebhongo waphupha ukuba ezantsi kwimbali igama lakhe waya, yazibeka inkokeli yokwenene sabasebenzi.

Inkokeli "yeNdibano" waseka ikomiti ezifihlakeleyo, ogama amalungu ukufunda iincwadi owalelweyo, wafundela imbali mbuso, ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso kumzabalazo kubasebenzi. Amaqabane Gapon waba ngumfazi Karelin, bafumana iwonga elikhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi.

"Le nkqubo emihlanu", equka kwiimfuno kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho ezithile amalungu eKomiti Imfihlelo, yaphuhliswa ngoMatshi 1904. Yaba yena waba umthombo apho zaye zathathwa imfuneko yokuba demonstrators babeceba ukuba bammise phambi kokumkani kwi Sunday ka-1905. Ngokufutshane, basilela ukufikelela injongo yabo. Ngaloo mini, isikhalazo akazange mandingaweli esandleni uNicholas II.

Kwisehlo kwi Putilov Plant

Sisiphi isiganeko abasebenzi yabangela isigqibo umboniso mass ngosuku, indawo eyaziwa ngokuba Sunday? Ngokufutshane xelela ngayo kunokuba njalo; umfutho yaba ekugxothweni kwabantu abaliqela owayesebenza Putilov mveliso. Bonke awo amalungu "yeNdibano." Amarhe ndii into yokuba abantu ababegxothiwe ngenxa ubulungu babo mbutho.

Isiyaluyalu i Putilov yandele kwamanye amashishini abasebenze ngelo xesha eSt Petersburg. Waqala strike eqala ukusasaza amaphetshana kunye neemfuno zoqoqosho nopolitiko kurhulumente. Bakhuthazwa Gapon wagqiba nokucela kumkani ngokobuqu Nicholas II. Xa ubhekisela kukumkani, isicatshulwa funda-nxaxheba "kwiNdibano", inani elithe ladlula 20 amawaka abantu baye babonisa umnqweno wabo inxaxheba kule rally.

Kuye kwaqatshelwa kwaye umhla hambo, esi sehlayo waya embalini njengoko Bloody NgeCawa - Januwari 9, 1905. Ngokufutshane malunga iziganeko eziphambili ezichazwe ngezantsi.

Kwegazi kuhlelwe

Abasemagunyeni wazi advance oluza Kumboniso, leyo zazinyaswa ngabantu abangama-140 lamawaka. I koMlawuli Nicholas 6 Januwari wemka nentsapho yakhe Tsarskoye Selo. UMphathiswa Interior wabiza intlanganiso engxamisekileyo ngosuku phambi kokuba isiganeko, nto leyo ukhunjulwa ngokuba nguBloody ngeCawe 1905 Ngamafutshane, musa ukuvumela nxaxheba yentlanganiso kwagqitywa ekubeni ngexesha intlanganiso musani kuphela Ibhotwe Square, kodwa kwakhona kwiziko wesixeko.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba igazi akazange ekuqaleni izicwangciso. Abasemagunyeni akukho mathandabuzo ukuba isihlwele ndikuchithachithe amandla amajoni axhobileyo, kodwa ezi kwamaxabiso elingayizalisanga.

kubulwa

Mngcwabo, leyo wafudukela Winter Palace, ibe amadoda, abafazi kunye nabantwana, ongabanga izixhobo kunye naye. Uninzi marchers wathwala enemifanekiso yabantu Nicholas II, amalaphu anomyalezo. Nevsky esangweni umboniso bahlaselwa amahashe, ngoko ke ukudubula, wakhalisa bebhekise ezintlanu.

Le ukudubula alandelayo weva kwi Emnye Bridge St. Petersburg Vyborg icala. volleys aliqela zaveliswa kwaye Winter Palace apho abaqhankqalazi bafika Alexander Garden. ingozi kwakugcwele izidumbu kungekudala ababuleweyo nabafileyo. ukungqubana Local kwaqhubeka de kube ngorhatya, nje iiyure 23 abasemagunyeni bakwazi ukuhlakaza demonstrators.

imiphumela

Ingxelo, eyaye yondlalwa Nicholas II, understates kakhulu inani labantu abalimele 9 Januwari. Bloody ngeCawe, isishwankathelo yayo ezixoxa kweli nqaku, kwabulawa abantu 130, enye 299 balimala, ukuba uxhomekeke kule ngxelo. Eneneni, inani kwabafileyo, beze kuye ngaphaya abantu amawaka amane, inani ngqo igcina ingaziwa.

Georgy Gapon wakwazi ukubaleka kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ngoMatshi 1906 mbingeleli wabulawa Socialist-mbuso. Usodolophu Foulon, ngubani waba ngokunxulumene ngqo kwiziganeko Sunday, kokuchithakala sele January 10, 1905. Yena waphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe kunye noMphathiswa we-Interior Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Intlanganiso yabanjwa uMlawuli igqiza yabasebenzi nge-20 Januwari apha ekuhambeni kwalo, uNicholas II ibuhlungu esabulala abantu abaninzi kangaka. Noko ke, wathi kwakhona ukuba demonstrators benze ulwaphulo-mthetho, wakukhalimela rally abaninzi.

isiphelo

Emva yokuduka Gapon ubunzima strike yaphela, imincili wafa phantsi. Noko ke, kwaba kuphela umoya ngaphambi kokuba isaqhwithi, kungekudala urhulumente ukuba nezidubedube zezobupolitika entsha idini.