Lobushushu Daily Jupiter

Jupiter - enye iiplanethi ezintlanu langa, leyo kunokubonwa esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngaphandle naziphi na izixhobo ezisebenzisa. Ukanti akukho ingcamango ubungakanani bayo, ukuba izazi zamandulo sabela kuyo igama ephakamileyo isithixo wamaRoma.

Meet Jupiter!

Komzila Jupiter ukusuka Ilanga kwi km million 778. A unyaka apho ihlala 11,86 Umhlaba iminyaka. Zalisa ukujikeleza axis awo lenza umhlaba 9 kuphela iiyure nemizuzu-55, yaye ezinezinga ezahlukeneyo ngesantya ujikelezo ziyohluka, kwaye phantse aa Incopho komzila moya ahlangene, apho azenzeki utshintsho ngamaxesha athile.

indawo lobushushu Jupiter - degrees 133 C (140 K). Radius mkhulu kuno-11, yaye ingqimba amaxesha 317 mkhulu embindini kunye ubunzima planethi. Density (1.3 g / cm ³⁾ siwenze wambu ngelanga kunye konga ngaphantsi kakhulu ngaphezu lexinene zehlabathi. Gravity Jupiter izihlandlo 2,54, ngelixa lo mhlaba otsalayo ngu 12 amaxesha ngaphezu efanayo parameters zehlabathi. Iqondo lobushushu emini kwi Jupiter akukho kwahluka ebusuku. Oku kungenxa umgama elikhulu ukusuka eLangeni kunye neenkqubo ezinamandla esivulekayo izibilini planethi.

Ixesha izifundo ezamehlo planethi yesihlanu wafumanisa ngo 1610 ngu UGalileo. Yaba nguye eyafumana kakhulu enkulu kunye ezine Hewana kaZeyus. Namhlanje siyazi ngayo imizimba yasezulwini 67, amalungu inkqubo elikhulu langa.

zophando ngezembali

Kude 1970, umhlaba zifundwa emhlabeni, kwaye ke ii-asethi Orbital kwi woqondo kunye nerediyo - leenomboro gamma. amaqondo obushushu Jupiter kaThixo kulinganiswa okokuqala ngo-1923 liqela oososayensi ukusuka Louelovskoy Observatory (Flagstaff, United States). Ukusebenzisa thermocouple lwepolitiki, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba umhlaba lo, "ngokuqinisekileyo umzimba ebandayo." Imigqaliselo Photoelectric ufihla nguZeyus, iinkwenkwezi spectroscopic Uhlalutyo kwakhokelela kwisigqibo malunga nokuqulunqwa umoya wayo.

Iinqwelo elandelayo iziphekepheke omncane ngokutsha ize yandiswe kakhulu ulwazi olongezelelekileyo. zesithunywa yaqonda "Pioneer 10; 11" ngo-1973-1974. planet wokuqala wadlulisela imifanekiso ezikufutshane (amawaka 34 km.), iinkcukacha malunga isakhiwo umoya, nebhanti radiation ngemagnethi. Izithuthi "Voyager" (1979), "Ulysses" (1992, 2000). "Cassini" (2000) kunye "New zexa" (2007) wenza nokuphucula imilinganiselo parameters Jupiter kunye nenkqubo yayo iplanethi yethu, yaye "uGalileo" (1995-2003 gg.) kunye "Juno" (2016) zahlangana-Hewana ezinkulu zedolophu.

isakhiwo yangaphakathi

core zomhlaba malunga ne-20 amawaka. km ububanzi, eziquka imali encinane yeliwa metal hydrogen ndinyanzelwe ukuba kwizigidi 30-100 umoya. lobushushu Jupiter kule zone malunga 30000? C. Kernel Weight - ukususela-3 ukuya kwi-15% ye-sobunzima planethi. Ubushushu isizukulwana core kaZeyus sichazwe yi indlela Kelvin - Helmholtz. Umongo isenzeko kuxhomekeke yokuba pholisa ngesiquphe iqokobhe engaphandle (iqondo lobushushu yi -140˚S kaZeyus) kwenzeka uxinzelelo drop, ibangela ucinezelo lomzimba zokufudumeza elandelayo engundoqo.

Kukhutshwe umaleko ubunzulu-30 ukuya kuma-50 amawaka. Km, lulwelo kwensimbi kunye hydrogen ulwelo ukusuka ukungcola of helium. Nokususwa yengcinezelo ezingundoqo kule ndawo liye lancitshiswa umoya kwezigidi ezi-2, lobushushu uJupiter uwa ku 6000? C.

Isakhiwo emoyeni. Ingaphandle komsindo

A umda ocacileyo phakathi komhlaba yomhlaba kunye nomoya ayikho. Ngexesha umaleko awo - ntathu eziFihliweyo - izazinzulu ziye lamkele lo mmandla eqhelekileyo apho uxinzelelo ekwafanekisa emhlabeni. umaleko koko, umgama ukusuka kwi "umgangatho", ibekwe ngendlela ilandelayo:

• Stratosphere (ukuya kwi-320 km).
• Le thermosphere (ukuya ku-1000 km).
• Exosphere.

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni ubushushu phezu Jupiter, impendulo engagungqiyo ayikho. Xa umoya ugeleza iinkqubo පිළිතුරු iimpendulo nangxola ezibangelwa bubushushu yangaphakathi planethi. Waphawula disc isakhiwo onemigca ngokukhawuleza. Izibopho amhlophe (imimandla) khona umoya kuvuka phezulu ebumnyameni (iibhanti) - kuwa ezantsi, ukwakha kwemigaqo convective. Kwiingcamba eliphezulu lobushushu Thermosphere ifikelela 1000? C, yaye kubekho inkqubela ubunzulu kunye njengoxinizelelo olwandayo ngcembe ewela amaxabiso alungayo. Kunye kokufumaneka eziFihliweyo lobushushu kaZeyus liqala ukuphakama kwakhona.

I eliphezulu ungqameko yeegesi ngumxube hydrogen (90%) kunye helium. Ukubunjwa ezantsi, apho ukwakheka engundoqo ilifu lukwaquka methane, ammonia, ammonium sulfate kunye namanzi. Uhlalutyo ibonisa ubukho imizila ye-methane, propane kunye iasithilini, hydrogen benqanda kunye carbon monoxide, iikhompawundi isalfure phosphorus.

kwakubalulekile ifu

Iintlobo ngeentlobo imibala yelifu Jovian ibonisa ubukho kumafa kwabo iikhompawundi imichiza entsonkothileyo. Ubume ilifu ekulula ukuyibona zontathu:

• Upper - kugcwale ammonia crystals oledenevshego.
• I-avareji abasuka ammonium hydrosulfide linyuke kakhulu.
• In emazantsi - ice namanzi kwaye mhlawumbi amathontsi zincinane amanzi.

Abanye imodeli uwabonisa ziphuhliswe izazinzulu nabaphandi musa ngaphandle ubukho kwelinye ilifu kwenqanaba iqanjwa ammonia engamanzi. Yelanga imitha yelanga kunye lamandla enamandla Jupiter bukaThixo iqalwa ukuhamba iinkqubo ezininzi amachiza kwaye emzimbeni xa umoya ehlabathini.

izenzakalo esesibhakabhakeni

weni Umda kunye nemimandla kwi Jupiter luphawulwa yimimoya enamandla (ukuya kwi-200 m / umzuzwana). Ukususela ikhweyitha ukuya nezibonda ngamathuba athile alternating izalathiso ukuhamba. Isantya somoya liyancipha kunye ukwandisa inkululeko kwaye ipali cishe engekho. Isikali of ngezenzeko emoyeni kwi-langa (izaqhwithi, umbane, Aurora) umyalelo yobukhulu ophezulu emhlabeni. Ayaziwa Great Red Spot nto yimbi njengesiphango omkhulu, elingaphezu ubungakanani disks ezimbini indawo ezisentlabathini. Cwinana uyaqhela ngokucotha ngapha nangapha. Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka kokuma yobukhulu balo kubonakala sehle.

Enye Injongo "Voyager" lasekwa, ukuba amaziko omtsha iimanyano umoya sigcwele imibane, imilinganiselo yomgama ngaphezu kwewaka kweekhilomitha.

Ngaba bukho ubomi ku kuZeyus?

I abaninzi Umbuzo iya kubangela ukudideka. Jupiter - iplanethi, iqondo komhlaba apho (kwakunye ubukho wobuso) luyathandabuzeka - akunakwenzeka ukuba i "sombuso bengqondo." Kodwa ubukho eziphilayo zeekhemikhali ezinobungozi umoya ingxilimbela kwi-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, izazinzulu ziye asikabi. Into yokuba xi eliphezulu lobushushu zihamba kakuhle kakhulu inkangeleko ekudibaneni kwemichiza ebandakanya ammonia okanye hydrocarbon. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi Carl Sagan kunye ezisemajukujukwini E. Salpeter (USA), ekhokelwa imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo, wenza ingcamango ngenkalipho iintlobo yobomi, ubukho nto leyo ngaphandle kwezi meko:

• Sinker - microorganisms phinda ngokukhawuleza kwaye kukuninzi, sivumele labantu ukuba ukusinda kwimeko olutshintshayo ukugeleza convective.
• Floaters - iintaka enkulu njenge iibhaluni. Nikhulula helium enzima, begcina kwiingcamba eliphezulu.

Kunjalo, wafunyanwa kwanawo "uGalileo" okanye "Juno" loo nto.