Ingxaki yokuqeshwa kwabantu abaselula Russia

Ingxaki yokuqeshwa kwabantu abaselula basoloko bakhathazekile malunga maqumrhu karhulumente, ekubeni lo mbuzo inxulumene ngqo umgaqo-nkqubo yoluntu. Ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu imigangatho ngezibonelelo yesizwe ophilileyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda kulo mba kunye ukufumana izisombululo asebenzisekayo.

Kolutsha ngqesho: iikhonsepthi

Ingxaki ingqesho yolutsha eRashiya ithandwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, kuquka nokumkani-uyise. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngaphambi ekufumaneni isisombululo umbuzo onzima kufuneka ngocoselelo ukuqonda imigaqo, uze ubone iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo ukuphelisa kuyo.

Qaphela: Ukuba nawuphi na umthombo ingqalelo ingxaki yengqesho kubantu abatsha, amanqaku, izigxeko-ncomo okanye abstract uya kuba mfuneko uthotho iinkcazelo kunye magama. Ngoko ke, ngengqiqo mihla ulutsha ekuthiwa kwezentlalo, iqela demographic labantu, uluhlu elinganiselwe ukuya kwiminyaka ethile. Phakathi iimpawu ezinika zinakho ezichongiweyo ezifana ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile kuluntu, zengqondo ezithile, iminqweno, imilinganiselo, phakathi kwezinye amaqela abantu.

An yokuhlola ebalulekileyo wokwahlula eli qela limi ubudala. Oosonzululwazi abaninzi abanakukwazi nibuthelana uluvo eqhelekileyo malunga kufuneka ibe yintoni kumda yobudala. Ngokomzekelo, abanye Ndoyimisa imida yokuqala iminyaka 13-14 ubudala, ngoxa abanye luthe lwancothulwa ukususela abaneminyaka engama-29-30. Ukongezelela, isigama ulutsha kuhlangene kwimisebenzi ethile. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kweli qela labantu zezona zixhaphakileyo amajoni, abafundi, abafundi, besebenza imisebenzi ethile, njalo-njalo.

malunga kwemisebenzi

Ingxaki ingqesho yolutsha kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ze ingcamango "ukungasebenzi." Ngqesho ngengqiqo mihla kuthiwa into yentlalo-qoqosho, nto leyo luphawulwa ngobunzima obukhulu. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye yabantu esebenzayo, ekwaziyo baphile, akakwazi ukuba baphuhlise iitalente zabo ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokungabikho imisebenzi ephucukileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi kwimalike yabasebenzi kunye nengqesho iingxaki zabantu abatsha anxulunyaniswa ndamvuselela kakhulu ukuze baphuhlise iitalente zabo ngabantu abatsha, kodwa ukunqongophala bafa kwezithuba zomsebenzi.

nemiqathango yolawulo

UMthetho namhlanje ilawula izinga lentswela kuphela malunga abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Ngenxa yoko, ngokomthetho wesizwe, abangasebenziyo ngabantu abaye akukho zuza ingeniso okanye ezinye imivuzo esisiseko ukuphunyezwa izakhono zabo zengqesho. Apha kukho ezinye iimeko: umntu kufuneka abe kummandla Russian Federation kufuneka ibhaliswe inkonzo emsebenzini, ngokunjalo ukuba kufuna umsebenzi.

Ingxaki umsebenzi ulutsha mihla: umba demographic

Njengoko yaziwa, naseRussia njengohlobo geqe wakwazi 'ukuma' kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, xa eSoviet Union iwa. Yaba ngeli thuba utshintsho olukhulu kwenzeka nje kuphela entsimini ezoqoqosho, mthetho, kodwa endle nkqubo loluntu, kuquka ucinga ngeendlela zokusombulula ingxaki yengqesho zabantu abatsha. Okwangoku, iqela ezifana kubantu abatsha, 22 eepesenti zoluntu luphela, okanye abantu abazizigidi 32 eRashiya.

Kakhulu impikiswano Kubonakala ukuba ingxaki nokuqeshwa kwabantu abatsha ekukhanyeni yemfundo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhankanya isibakala sokuba abantu abaselula befuna ukufunda, zama ukubhalisa kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, kodwa apha wonke umntu ilinde ukuba elizayo umsebenzi omtsha ukufumana ingxaki ingcali. Ngenxa yoko, kuvela ingxaki omtsha ukuqeshwa abanezidanga zekholeji. Ngenxa ukwanda wokukhutshwa yingxaki inkoliso yabafundi yangaphambili zange anyanzelwe ukuba asebenze okukhethekile kwabo, nto leyo ke ithetha ukuba ulwazi nezakhono abantu abaselula bangene iindonga amaziko karhulumente, ikakhulukazi ngamampunge. Oku kuthetha ukuba urhulumente wachitha imali mali ziphanzile. Lo mfanekiso real ziya ukubonisa amanani. Kuba 2016 izinga lentswela esemthethweni yi-30% yeqela lonke. Kwaye oku kuquka na abafundi kuphela, kodwa abo bantu abangazange eminyakeni yobudala engama-29, oko kukuthi, abafundi zangaphambili, abafundi iziqu, conscripts, njalo-njalo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba wonke ummi iba arhente zengqesho, ngoko okunene inani ikhankanywe ngasentla kunokuba kubaluleke ngokumangalisayo.

Iimpawu zale iqela elithile eluntwini,

Ingxaki yengqesho yolutsha kuhlangene kunye iimpawu leyo ezendeleyo ekuhlaleni kunikwa abantu. Njengomgaqo, icandelo wesuka ke ubunzima ngokuhlenga-hlengisa kwiimeko ezikhoyo kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, indawo zokuthengisa. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ezikhethiweyo wobugcisa, fumana bona self-lokuphumeza, ingqesho kunye nezindlu, kunye nezinye iingxaki zoqoqosho.

kwimarike yezemisebenzi

Phantse zonke iimeko ezimalunga ingxaki ingqesho kolutsha Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khakassia Republic, ummandla Sverdlovsk, lisibeka kwimalike yabasebenzi mihla. Eli gama libhekisela nobudlelwane kwezentlalo kunye nabasebenzi, sezibona kulwalamano olusondeleyo nabanye yaye ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, elawula umyalelo kunye nemiqathango yengqesho ukusebenza, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye wotshintshiselwano, indlela yonikezelo kunye nemfuneko, amaxabiso kunye neminye imiba emininzi enxulumene zabasebenzi intsebenziswano.

Imalike yabasebenzi abantu abatsha kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuba yinkalo ethile phakathi indlela ikhankanywe apha ngasentla entsonkothileyo lobudlelwane yabasebenzi. Kuye imithetho yayo kunye neempawu zentlalo-yezibalo. Wonke umqeshi, abaqeshi kunye namathuba engqesho age umntu mfana, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba olu didi luphawulwa kukungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo, ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha ixabiso lobomi, ukunqongophala amava emsebenzini kunye nobungcali, ubume yobungcali ephantsi.

Ke zona izinto ezintle, ukuhamba-hamba ezahlukeneyo zolutsha, umthamo omkhulu, kwakunye nokukwazi ngezantsiukuphendla ngokukhawuleza zonke iintlobo ngeendlela zokusombulula le ngxaki ngokuchaseneyo iindidi ezifana abantu abakhubazekileyo okanye noomama ikhefu lokuya kubeleka.

"Izinto Workers '

Ingxaki ingqesho yolutsha eRashiya ngenxa yezinto eziliqela. Ngesinye isandla, phantse zonke elivisayo okanye kuphumelela amaphupha iziko lemfundo umsebenzi ophambili, apho uya kuqonda amandla ngokupheleleyo ukuba ootitshala imali kuyo. Kwelinye icala, asinguye wonke umntwana uyakwazi ukufumana bona kweemeko kukhuphiswano nzima, ingakumbi phakathi kwabo isixa esikhulu ulwazi kunye nezakhono.

umsebenzi, ingqesho yolutsha zixhomekeke zinto zilandelayo, ezizezi inqanaba ingeniso yemali kwintsapho nganye; amathuba self-ukuqaphela sele ibakala noqeqesho; ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo okanye umsebenzi; kuqatshelwe amalungelo abo wanika isiqinisekiso mali karhulumente. Xa sibhenela kwicandelo lokuqala kweli nqaku, kukho awo enkulu ibanga lobudala ukusuka iminyaka eli-13 ukuya kwengama-30. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaqela eziliqela zizakubalulwa phakathi abaselula.

Amaqela loLutsha: kudidi lokuqala

Iingxaki eziphambili ingqesho yolutsha kuhlangene kwi sub-amaqela ezithile: ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-14 ukuya kwi-18. Eli qela libandakanya 95% abafundi kunye nabafundi beekholeji ze. Eli xesha yobudala lukhatshwa nokwenziwa kunye nokwamkelwa lwamaxabiso ezisisiseko ebomini, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kuphuhliso loluntu kumntwana umntu. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-14 uqalisa ukwakha kwingcamango esebenzayo neemeko zobomi kunye noluntu.

Ukususela kwiminyaka 12-14 wonke iqalisa ukuba bacinge malunga noko ufuna ukuba yintoni ukhethe umsebenzi. Ingxaki ingqesho yolutsha mihla eRashiya inemisebenzi ethile. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba kumazwe angaphandle yobudala ukusebenza iphezulu kakhulu. Xa urhulumente mihla-80% labantu abatsha ndayizuza iimali zabo kuqala phambi kokuba yobudala esemthethweni. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba intsingiselo efanayo ayikho HIV njengoko umsebenzi, nokuba buso, impembelelo engentle kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ukuba le ngxaki kwenzeka kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, unale umgangatho uqeqesho lweengcali elizayo.

Amaqela loLutsha: udidi lwesibini

Ingxaki umsebenzi ulutsha mihla ezendeleyo abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka 24 ubudala, oko kukuthi, bayo sub-iqela lesibini abantu abatsha abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 ne-24.

Njengoko umthetho, uninzi apha bangabantu abangamadoda, baye bakhonza emkhosini, kwakunye nabafundi baqhubeke nemfundo yabo okanye iingcali, iye nje kokugqiba isikolo. Iingxaki kweli qela sizibandakanya yokungabi namava. Oko kukuthi, eneneni zonke iingcali banamanqanaba ezaneleyo lolwazi ezivumela ukuba umsebenzi ngempumelelo, kodwa enyanisweni, abaqeshi ukuba madolw 'anzima ukwamkela abantu abatsha ngaphandle amava emsebenzini kunye nesikhundla ngokomsebenzi.

Amaqela Ulutsha: kudidi lwesithathu

Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba iqelana sesithathu nesokugqibela, ilungu ubudala lolutsha ngabantu phakathi kwama-25 ne-30. Njengomgaqo, abameli balo sele kubekwe bazibiza ziingcali egcinwe okanye babe namava entsimini ethile.

Iingxaki eziphambili ingqesho yolutsha ngeli xesha zinxulunyaniswa neemfuno eliphezulu zemali ukusebenza. Ngoko ke, uninzi eli qela ndasisa intsapho, ngoko, iimfuno zemali ukukhula kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo kwinqanaba umvuzo.

Ingakumbi kwimarike ulutsha

Ukusombulula iingxaki ingqesho yolutsha zingafumaneka kuphela ngokuqwalasela zonke iimpawu zayo. Ngenxa ulwazi zingafumaneka isifundo Okukodwa yemakethi ulutsha, kuba uyazi ukuba kuqulunqwe isixhobo kwaye sifumane iindlela zokusombulula imiba ingxaki.

Olona phawu luphambili na ukungabikho kozinzo rhoqo kwimalike yabasebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubonelelo kunye nemfuno atshintsha rhoqo. Ngaxa lithile kwakukho imisebenzi ezikuvumela ukuba uthathe emsebenzini, nokuba ngoobani bengekafiki yobudala emntaneni, ngexesha elifanayo kwiminyaka 5-10 le meko itshintshe ngokupheleleyo kwicala elahlukileyo.

ekukwazini low

Abantu Young - oku ke qela, ngenxa kwiimpawu ubudala kunye nophuhliso ngokwasengqondweni, kufuneka ubuncinane ibe nomthamo lwezixhobo ukuze babe ukukhuphisana kwimalike yabasebenzi. Ukunqongophala kolwazi nezakhono eziyimfuneko, amava emsebenzini, amava omsebenzi akavumeli abaqeshi ukuba ukuthatha imingcipheko kwaye wenze umbutho wabasebenzi ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu koko, umqeshi kukho izithintelo ezininzi kangaka kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi umntwana. Kukho imithetho ngokwaneleyo libeka imigangatho engqongqo ezinxulumene namalungelo umntwana, nguwuphi khosi disadvantageous kumntu lowo unako ukuqesha umntu omdala ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki.

yokuqeshwa kwabasetyhini

Kuyinto imeko enzima kakhulu kwimarike yemisebenzi iye yakhula ngokunxulumene besini mboniso. Phakathi eyunivesithi abanezidanga becala - ngabafazi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaqeshi bengaxeli ukuba amanenekazi abaselula ukusebenza, ekhala ukuba kungekudala uza kuhamba ikhefu lokuya kubeleka.

Kakade ke, lo mthetho uyakwalela ukusetyenziswa yomqeshi ngokumkhanyela ukwamkelwa isiseko ukhankanyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ezi iintloko inala ezinye izizathu ezinxulumene ukuba "kutheni na musa ukuza kuthi."

Ngokubanzi, ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene engqeshweni kubantu abatsha kuyimfuneko ngelo xesha. Ukwahluka Isithethi Active icebisa ukuba iinkqubo nentlalo ukhawule ngurhulumente okanye kamasipala abasemagunyeni iminyaka emininzi ezayo, musa ukuba nawuphi umphumo.

Ngale ndlela, akunakwenzeka kusengaphambili zonke iinguqu eziya kwenzeka emva kweminyaka emi-5 okanye 7, kwaye kuluchaphazela kusini na uphuhliso subgroups lolutsha. Kungenxa yoko le nto izisombululo ingxaki ingqesho kubantu abatsha, zivezwa nokuba yinkqubo okanye ezinye iziqinisekiso zentlalo, kufuneka ikwazi ukulungiswa.