Anchor chain. Wengxenye ye device yezikhonkwane

Anchor chain - into ebalulekileyo isixhobo okubambelela iphela isitya xa iyonke. Iintsontelo anchor lokuqala kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo. Ngoku design iankile ikhonkco kuxhomekeke imigangatho wegqitha iimvavanyo mechanical.

Imbali zezikhonkwane chain

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, oomatiloshe wasebenzisa hemp ezintanjeni iminyaka ukulungisa izikhonkwane. Sailboats phakathi nkulungwane yeminyaka zabanjwa ngexesha ehleli iiankile ezincinane intambo amandla hemp kwakwanele. Ngophuhliso iinqanawa kunye imikhumbi zaselwandle, ke ngoko, izikhonkwane zibe nzima. Ukuze ube namandla ngokwaneleyo, iintambo hemp bafikelele sisiqingatha semitha e achazwe apha, ngoko ke kwafuneka ukuba basebenzise eziphelweni ukubhitya ukuba avale phezulu ngentambo okanye twine in bollard igubu capstan. Ngaphezu koko, iintambo hemp of hawse iankile frays kunye ice bahlabeka ukuvala ubunzima yabo, kwafuneka ukuba ngokwelitye intonga ankile.

Isiphelo kweyama elinesibhozo kwaye elinethoba eyaziwa ekuqaleni amatyala bodwa isicelo amatsheyini ankile sisinyithi, leyo ngokuphawulekayo eqinisekisiwe kwaye ngexesha izaqhwithi, kwaye ngexesha ice woqhawulo iThames. Ukuqhambuka esemthethweni ukusetyenziswa kwitsheyini wentsimbi kuthathwa 1814.

Iifrigate "Pallada", eyasekwa ngo-1832 - inqanawa yokuqala fleet Russian, baxhotyiswa ngamatyathanga ankile.

Sele 1859, phambi kokuba ufakelo imikhombe British Navy imixokelelwane ankile sungule ku titwa akhululeke ngokungqinelana neemfuno oluphuhliswe Irejista Lloyd, yaye ngowe-1879 - kwaye kwi ikhefu.

Izidingo Shipping Register

Ingakumbi izithuthi ngokukhawuleza Russian baqala ukuphuhlisa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yaye ezazikho ngelo xesha ukuhlelwa iinqanawa akusekho ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, ngo-1913, oko kwasekwa uluntu kudidi yesizwe 'Russian Register ", nto leyo kwimbali eSoviet yabizwa ngokuba kwirejista ye-USSR, kwaye ngoku - Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS). imisebenzi yayo ziquka umlinganiselo kunye nokwahlulwa neenqanawa kunye nezakhiwo ezidadayo, ukugcinwa obhaliso zabo, ukubeka esweni bona kunye kweliso zobugcisa.

Ngokweemfuno ze-Register of iinqanawa zolwandle-okokoko umele ukuba waba osebenzayo amabini enye iankile ulwandle nanceba. Enigcoba ubude chain ngamnye kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe kwamakhulu amabini eemitha, oku kubonelelwa replacement isaphetha ankile. Kwakhona, ababini yokudibanisa ilinki kunye isibiyeli ekupheleni. Anchor umkhumbi isixhobo inika iindlela apho amandla ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe i ankile ayikho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seyure. Ngokuxhomekeke izinto Irejista kweliso usemthethweni isixhobo ankile.

anchor gear

Ezizinzileyo bangela bakwazi ukungenela kwikhonkco iankile unikwa okanye lwasuswa iindlela ezizodwa kunye nezixhobo. Anchor ukuvimba mxokelelwane ifowuni ubuyisela fairleads ekupheleni chain ekrakra - konke lahlangana ndawonye kwaye ngokweankile izixhobo inqanawa. Kuye izikhonkwane ezimbini emacaleni ke isaphetha isitya. Empumlweni kokuba imisiwe yaye sokutsala into ngentambo kunye yombane okanye ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi drive. Ingxenye esemqoka ye sokutsala into ngentambo - asterisk, ezo iyavala links chain. Uyilo kwakhona iquka igubu sokutsala into ngentambo apho nxeba moorings.

I-chain evela iankile udlula i sekhefu ebhodini, kunye hawse ngesiciko anchor isilonda sokutsala into ngentambo sprocket kunye isibiyeli isiphelo free ezikhuselwe sitya kwi ilokhari chain.

Ezinye iimpahla zichazwe isixhobo kwalaph ankile. Ekubeni indawo lunqongophele wayesemva, ngoko ukuze kuphakanyiswe elinye okanye amabini iiankile kwalusa steeple ezisetyenziswayo. Le Igubu rotary kunye asterisk ezantsi, phezulu imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. I intshukumo kube yinto injini yombane, nto leyo mhlawumbi igubu okanye ngaphantsi kumgangatho. Kwi chain sprocket eli nxeba. Photography ubonisa isixhobo capstan, apho 1 - yinto igubu, 2- tye sprocket 3 - iankile chain.

Uvala ukulungisa izinto

Ukuvimba anqanda ngasekhohlo ezizenzekelayo eqhotyoshelweyo kwaye ezigcinwe phantsi imimoya chain iankile kunye Cluzet. Zingakotshwa esisigxina okanye ephathekayo: chain kunye egumbini.

Xa uyilo, i anokuthintela ezi cam Ukonakala okanye ibhulorho indlu. zokumisa ome efakwe kwiinqanawa ezincinane. ukuvimba Chain - ezi izaphetha mfutshane, ezo balucanda isibiyeli ankile kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule kumgangatho shinyi Obukhov ezimbini.

Zibambelela imibhobho hawse ezo nokucoca ababekungxamele, iankile chain inokuba eqhelekileyo, nge welding, okanye amaqashiso izitya zothutho kunye zokuloba; avulekileyo umzimba eyahlulayo emdaka oluqinileyo iimpahla nizkobortnyh; kunye niche nesingxobo ecaleni ngeenqanawa abakhweli, zinqanawa ice yokukhangela, uvumela ukuba asuse ilungelelaniselwe ankile kunye eluswini, oku kunciphisa amathuba umonakalo.

Types and iiankile zokwakha

Namhlanje, kukho iindidi ezine ankile. Nge babe ankile leyo akhe isaphetha, inqanawa endaweni yaso. Obukhulu ubunzima zabo abathwali moya ifikelela-30 m. Ukuxhasa ankile aft ekujongwe ukuba ukuthintela inqanawa ukuba nijike undoqo. Kuba ukugcinwa ixesha elide izinto ezidadayo, ezifana buoys kunye Nezinto, esisigxina izikhonkwane "ufile". Fidgeted ubambe iinqanawa injongo ekhethekileyo, t. N. iimpahla marker for lezemigodi.

Okwangoku kwakusazeka ehlabathini ngaphezu kwe amawaka amahlanu iintlobo ankile. Kodwa iankile ulwandle iquka izabelo ezine eziphambili. Isiseko lobume liphela osimelela ngentonga. On the antlers yokuluka izinzile okanye ukujikajika ekhwele kunye ngamathupha azo, nto leyo wenkukhu emhlabeni uze ugcine isikhephe endaweni. Aa Incopho iimpondo nomphini yokuluka ikhona, ejika ankile emazantsi emva emanzini, kwaye ayiniki iimpondo amanga tye. Lokubopha-ankile kwentambo okanye iankile chain kwaye kwesibambi umsesane inikezelwa, ekuthiwa ngomsesane.

izinto ezisisiseko chain yezikhonkwane

Eyona nto iphambili chain iankile - ikhonkco, nto leyo yenziwa Eziko welding ngentonga kuhlinzwa yentsimbi exonxiweyo okanye uphose kuDonga kunye spacer wobulali ngensimbi liqengqiwe.

Uwa iankile chain odityaniswe kwizibiyeli kokuxhuma, ezilula okanye nokuphathelene, yeyona ixhaphakileyo yona shackle Kenter. ezityiwa Simple bangabi inshorensi emnyango ngengozi. Ukongeza, xa kusetyenziswa terminal iiyunithi namakhamandela ngaphandle enezixhaso, kwaye ezinkulu kuno iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo.

Kenter shackle njenge ikhonkco eqhelekileyo, kuphela uphuphu. Wazidwelisa ezimbini isibiyeli oxhulumene kwi enqabeni yaye igcinwe le bahambahamba, eyafakwa kwi-engile kunye pin cap phambili.

Ukujikajika, nto leyo ethintela linegunya chain ankile ngexesha Anchorage, ongowona isakhiwo kweyunithi kanye terminal ukujikajika kunye iiyunithi ezimbini luqiniswe therebetween.

ikhonkco luqiniswe - kunye ekujikeni, ezincinane ubukhulu kwe-terminal, kodwa mkhulu ngaphezu ikhonkco yesiqhelo. Isibiyeli iankile abekwe iliso entongeni yokuluka ankile, ukuba ahlobene ekupheleni yekhonkco le isibiyeli ukujikajika ababekungxamele, wajika umva.

Uyilo chain yezikhonkwane

Anchor chain, kwakunye naziphi na, kuba iqulathe amakhonkco, kodwa design ayikho simple kangaka. Links usiya ubude ethile, ezo zibizwa ngokuba nezaphetha aphakathi. Ngu imilinganiselo ubude fleet iqhina Russian yi-25 eemitha, e-UK, apho yamkelwe kumetwa kubude iiyadi - eemitha 27,43 okanye iiyadi-30. Uwa nobude chain efunekayo kunye yaye enxulumene phakathi ukusebenza canter. Le ndlela ibandla yenza kube lula ukuba ukususa iindawo ezonakeleyo utshintshe ubude chain ankile xa kuyimfuneko.

isaphetha Ingcambu, nto leyo ezisisigxina kwibhokisi chain kunye ekupheleni isibiyeli icala iphela, kunye nezinye zhvakogalsom ziyanyuswa. isaphetha Zhvakogalsovaya mifutshane, omnye isiphelo elihambisana chain ilokhari kwaye ngentola kwelinye ekupheleni chain. Le ifoto ibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukukhulula hook toe ukusonga. Lo kuyilo ivumela umntu omnye ukukhulula ngokukhawuleza umkhumbi kwikhonkco ankile.

Anchor isaphetha (guide line) eyahlukileyo nayo ekwakhiweni evela esiphakathi. Oku kuquka ukujikajika. A isibiyeli ekupheleni isaphetha apho sibethelelwe ankile.

Amacala zezikhonkwane chain

Ubukhulu basic, ubukhulu kwaye ichaza iimpawu chain na ukuvuleka wayo. Ukuvuleka - ubukhulu ngentonga, ikhonkco yenziwa apho, okanye isiphelo inxalenye ikhonkco, kuxhomekeke indlela ngawo. Kubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo ukuvuleka kunye nezinye iiyunithi ukuba abe wesekethe. Weight imitha iankile chain nganye zixhomekeke ubukhulu usebenzisa okuza kuba dlinnozvennye chain - 2 ngaphandle enezixhaso - 2.2, kunye enezixhaso - 2.3.

ubude Chain ixhomekeka kuhlobo isitya kunye nobukhulu bayo. Kufuneka ube ubunzulu okuninzi yolwandle kwindawo yokupaka, kuba, okokuqala, ubunzulu edulusele emazantsi chain inceda yiankile ukuya emazantsi, uyibambe apho, yaye okwesibini, ungamandla enza izinto ankile ibe inxaxheba emazantsi, kufuneka akufunekanga ukuba phezulu kwaye tye.

izithuthi Marine ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka amatyathanga nezenziwe 10-13 igeyiji lichaza 80 ukuya kwi-120 mm, nto leyo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani ankile engundoqo. Ukuba ubukhulu mkhulu kwe-15 mm, iiyunithi yenziwa ekujikeni - ibhulorho ezinqamlezayo, nto leyo eyandisa kukomelela kuhlobana kwama-20%.

Kwakhona zokubala ezizodwa, umbala nokumakishwa kusetyenziswa zokomeleza izixhobo. Inani kunye umbala (omhlophe okanye obomvu) iiyunithi ezinemibala ixhomekeke kwinani kweemitha kwagxila okanye ngamakhamandela, nto leyo iquka chain. Photo ibonisa ukuba kwagxila anamanci mane seemitha umxokelelwane, ngokuba kumacala omabini ke isibiyeli obomvu Kenter ezimhlophe epeyintwe kwiilinki ezimbini. Ukuze ubone ubude chain ebumnyameni, ukuba kuDonga ikhonkco lokugqibela lisetyenziswa kwi ipeyintiweyo nokuthatha of wire ethambileyo annealed.

Iparameters anchor chain

Eyona engundoqo iparameters zezikhonkwane chain - le bodidi, udidi amandla, umthwalo mechanical kunye novavanyo eqine mass theoretical component. Ngokutsho parameters kuyilo zezikhonkwane amakhonkco chain ziyafumaneka kunye okanye ngaphandle enezixhaso.

Ngeempawu amandla, leyo zixhomekeke zizicatshulwa zokufunda kunye nendlela imveliso, ikhonkco iankile kunokuba eqhelekileyo, ophezulu, okanye amandla eliphezulu. Imixokelelwane zisenokwahluka nendlela iiyunithi zemveliso kunye spacers ngokwabo.

Iyavumelana kwemigangatho kwimveliso - production kuyimfuneko entolongweni ankile. Umzekelo, iankile ikhonkco GOST 228-79 - imveliso kunye spacers ezenziwe carbon kunye ingxubevange yodidi, iye yavuma iipropati mechanical, unezinga yamandla kunye ukuvuleka ngamahlelo amathathu lamakhonkco eziphambili kunye spacer mm 11 ukuya 178.

iindlela loMgangatho, iindibano kunye namacandelo ngamnye bezixhobo ankile, kuquka amatyathanga, - ayikho kuphela ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko emkhombeni, kodwa isiqinisekiso sokuphepha ngamanye amaxesha ubomi babantu ebhodini.