Oli turbine: iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa yokuhlela

oyile injini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuthambisa ajikeleze of iibheringi kunye zokupholisa kuzo umbane ezahlukeneyo turbine - umphunga kunye negesi turbines, turbines hydraulic, impompo kwiinqwelo. Kananjalo zisetyenziswa kulwelo ukusebenza ekumiseleni iinjini turbine kunye nezixhobo mveliso.

Yiyiphi na izakhiwo?

I-injini sisixhobo oluxandileyo, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo kakuhle. oyile turbine elisetyenzisiwe kufuneka ufezekise inani iimpawu:

• ilifa iipropati antioxidant;
• ukukhusela izinto ezivela bekelelo;
• ube demulsifying iipropati;
• zimelane umhlwa;
• ilifa sewayini low ,;
• abe ngoondilele kwiinkcukacha zesinyithi nonmetals.

Zonke ezi mpawu ze-oyile turbine ziyaphunyezwa kwixa kwimveliso.

Iimpawu production

Ukuveliswa amafutha turbine lisulungekile kakhulu distillates petroleum apho ongeziweyo ezidityaniswe yenziwe. Ngenxa antioxidant, anti-umhlwa, anti-banxibe ongeziweyo ziyaphucuka intsebenzo yabo. Ngenxa yokuba zonke ezi ongeziweyo kubalulekile ukukhetha yeoli ngokungqinelana yemiyalezo kweyunithi ethile kwaye izindululo umenzi. Ukuba ioli Turbine mgangathweni, iyunithi banokusilela nje. Ukuze kukuzuza ubulunga obutsha obuphakamileyo kwizinga eliphezulu Imfono-grade zamafutha asetyenziswe xa kusenziwa imixube ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ukucocwa kunye additive zililo alawulwa. Konke oku kuhlanganiswa unako ukuphucula anti-igcwala kunye anti-umhlwa iimpawu ze-oyile.

iimfuneko zesiseko

Utyando lobuchwepheshe kwizitishi zokumpompa ezahlukeneyo kunye nothungelwano bathi ioli injini akufunekanga ibe manzi, elitshisiweyo ebonakalayo kunye ukungcola mechanical. Ngokutsho lokufundisa, nayo iyafuneka ukulawula iimpawu antirust amafutha - le njongo izibane umhlwa ekhethekileyo ibekwe ngaphakathi etankini ngeoli turbines umphunga. Ukuba kukho umhlwa eolini, kufuneka ufake kuyo ongeziweyo ezizodwa nxamnye irusi. Siqhuba ngamagqabantshintshi iintlobo ezithandwayo amafutha turbine.

TP-46

Le oyile asetyenziselwa ukuthambisa ajikeleze of iibheringi kunye nezinye iindlela leeyunithi ezahlukeneyo. 46 ioli ephendulwa ubonisa iipropati elungileyo antioxidant. Ukudala usebenzisa oyile zeparafini kabi nokusingathwa enzulu uyakhetha. Sebenzisa ukwakheka inokuba kufakelo umphunga-kunikwe le nqanawa kunye nezinye iindlela ancedisayo. TP-46 iyakhusela oluthembekileyo iindawo nxalenye nxamnye umhlwa, uzinzile kakhulu nxamnye igcwala kunye imvula ayikhuphi kwi injini operation elide.

TP-30

30 injini amafutha, ekuveliseni ngokusekelwe amafutha isiseko bezimbiwa, ezo ongeziweyo zongezwa ukuphucula iimpawu zokusebenza nokwakheka. TP-30, iingcali ukucebisa ukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo turbines, kuquka igesi kunye umphunga. Noxhatshazo yeoli ezikhoyo, nokuba kwiindawo ngqwabalala. Phakathi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo TA-30 ukuze kuchazwe ubuchule obubalaseleyo antioxidant, kumgangatho kakuhle okunqanda umhlwa, lo cavitation ubuncinane, uzinzo kakhulu thermal.

T-46

oyile ephendulwa T-46 zenziwa ukususela kumabanga sulphur libya paraffinless oyile kwizinga eliphezulu ngaphandle isiqulatho additive, ngokwenjenjalo kuqinisekiswe ukufumaneka ixabiso layo, lo gama kugcinwe nazo zonke iimpawu ukusebenza. Ophezulu ezikumgangatho izinto esetyenziselwa imveliso, unako ukufikelela kwinqanaba elithile viscosity yeoli, ukwenza kube lula yaye lula ngakumbi zokucoca. Ukusetyenziswa ngale, kucetyiswa ukuba turbines emkhombeni, iiyunithi turbine umphunga.

TP-22C

oyile injini TP-22C ivumela ukuba kuthambisa pholisa iibheringi, oomatshini abangabancedani ka turbines umphunga ezisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye zingasetyenziswa njenge ulwelo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kunye naphakathi uphawu kwiinkqubo itywina kunye nolawulo. Phakathi eziluncedo amafutha zezi:

• Iipropati umsebenzi oncomekayo ngenxa kwisiseko kwezimbiwa esulungekiswe kakhulu kwaye isongezo nokwakheka olusebenzayo;
• Iipropati yokuzahlula bamanzi;
• uzinzo kakhulu nxamnye igcwala;
• inqanaba eliphezulu viscosity;
• cavitation ubuncinane.

Le oyile lisetyenziswa turbines ukulungiselela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka izityalo amandla injini ngomphunga kunye negesi nerhasi.

TP-22B

oyile injini TP-22B uveliswa crudes angwevu, anencindi, apho ukucoca lwenziwa yi izinyibilikisi uyakhetha. kwezithako Ngenxa baphumelela inqanaba elungileyo yokumelana umhlwa yi igcwala. Ukuba umntu uthelekisa TP-22B kunye TP-22C, ngowokuqala ngaphantsi zakha kwenze xa izixhobo, nto ixesha elide kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. peculiarity yawo akukho analogue phakathi iintlobo domestic amafutha turbine.

"Lukoil Tornado T"

Le ilandelayo inika uluhlu olubanzi oyile injini ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Bona ngokusekelwe kwi -oyile kwisiseko eziveliswa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo zokwenziwa usebenzisa namaziko asebenza kwizinga eliphezulu ongeziweyo uhlobo ashless. Oyile ziphuhliswa ngokuhambelana neemfuno bamuva ukwakhiwa kwale hlobo. Kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngomphunga kunye nerhasi turbines kunye gearbox, kwaye ngaphandle kwazo. antioxidant, anticorrosion kunye antiwear iimpawu ezigqwesileyo igalelo iidipozithi engephi. -Oli siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba oluphezulu lwe ufakelo turbine mihla.

iimpawu ukwakheka

oyile turbine Modern zisekelwe amabakala akhethekileyo zeoli iparafini ukuba iimpawu viscosity-lobushushu ethile, kwakunye antioxidants umhlwa inhibitors. Ukuba ioli kusetyenziswa kwii-injini kunye uthumelo iiseyile, bamele babe umthwalo omkhulu umbane, ngokuba yinxalenye ongeziweyo ongeze obukhulu.

Kwisiseko-oyile ukutsalwa esetyenzisiweyo okanye hydrogenation, hydrotreatment kunye yokucoca kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ukufikelela ezinjalo iimpawu oyile injini kukho uzinzo oxidative, ukungcola amanzi, deaeration, nto leyo kuchaphazela amaxabiso.

Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo turbines

Lwerhasi kunye mihla turbines umphunga ziyasetyenziswa,-oyile injini (GOST ISO 6743-5 kunye ISO / CD 8068). Ucalulo kwezi zinto, ngokuxhomekeke njongo jikelele, angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Kuba injini umphunga (kubandakanywa amagiya unamazinyo phantsi kweemeko umthwalo eziqhelekileyo). Isiseko ezi izinto zokuthambisa ukuba zihlanjululwe oyile yezimbiwa ezikhatshwa antioxidants umhlwa inhibitors. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile, kucetyiswa ukuba mveliso baselwandle ngemoto.
• Kuba injini umphunga kunye umthamo omkhulu umthwalo. oyile injini enjalo Ukongezelela ilifa iimpawu uxinzelelo obukhulu, olunika ukusifaka of amagiya ngexesha nokusebenza kwezixhobo.
• Kuba injini gas: ezinjalo oyile ziveliswa ukusuka sisincoko yezimbiwa ecokisiweyo leyo antioxidants wongezelela, umhlwa inhibitors.

zokucoca iimpawu

Amacandelo yangaphakathi nayiphi na indlela ekugqibeleni abe engento ngenxa yokonakala yesiqhelo kunye iinyembezi. Ngako oko, le oyile ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe kwakunye nokusebenza kwayo baziqwebele ubumdaka mechanical njengamanzi, uthuli, pine, eqalisa ukwakha esirhabaxa. Yenza ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo izixhobo, kwaye elide uyakwazi ukulawula nokucocwa rhoqo yeoli turbine ukuze ususe ubumdaka koomatshini kulo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-oyile ngoku yenza kube lula ukulungisa nokunyusa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yemveliso ngenxa kukhuselo ngokupheleleyo iindawo kunye namacandelo lwezixhobo. Umgangatho oyile injini wokucoca - isitshixo ukusebenza oluthembekileyo iiyunithi turbine kwithuba elide ngaphandle iintsilelo kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo. Ukuba usebenzisa ioli mgangathweni, ukuthembeka ezisebenzayo ivulekile imibuzo, ngoko ke, apho kuya kubakho wear kwexesha.

recovery oyile emva zokuthambisa anokuphinda asetyenziswe. Yiyo loo nto kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iindlela okuqhubekayo nokucoca, njengoko Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba kwandiswe yokusebenza ioli ixesha, ngaphandle imfuneko perezalivke yayo. oyile injini nga nyulu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: emzimbeni, physicochemical kunye imichiza. Thina uchaze zonke iindlela ngokweenkcukacha.

ngokomzimba

Ezi ndlela bazihlambulule ioli turbine ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iipropati yayo chemical. Phakathi ndlela ithandwayo zonyango:

• Elala: nyulu oyile namanzi elitshisiweyo ngokusebenzisa ubumdaka ezizodwa ngoomatshini hlala amatanki. Itanki oyile kusetyenziswa lamasetlani. Engxakini imveliso ephantsi ngenxa kwisigaba elide delamination.
• Ulwahlulo: zokucoca oyile namanzi kunye ubumdaka oluqhutywa a imikhosi centrifugal ezizodwa isahluli igubu.
• Product: ngale ndlela i oyile icocwe of ubumdaka ukuba azinyamalali. Kule ioli idlule umphezulu lokucoca aneentunja ngokusebenzisa iphepha filter, ikhadibhodi, waziva okanye nandawo.
• ukucoca Hydrodynamic: Le ndlela ivumela ukuba ukucoca, hayi kuphela ioli, kodwa zonke izixhobo. Xa umsebenzi uhlala nemihlathi umboniso oyile phakathi intsimbi kunye neoli phezu imiphezulu yesinyithi akukho umhlwa ibonakala.

Physical nemichiza

Xa usebenzisa le ndlela nokucoca ekwakhiweni imichiza yeoli yahluka, kodwa kancinane kuphela. Ezi ndlela zibandakanya:

• unyango Adsorption xa eziqulathwe kwi-oyile sebenzi izinto misindo kakhulu isiqina - adsorbents. Oku kusetyenziswa aluminium oxide, wayesebenzisa ezingwevu isiphumo, gel dust.
• Bokuhlamba iimpahla condensate: le ndlela lisetyenziswa xa kukho inxalenye yeoli babe asidi ubunzima molekyuli ephantsi, enyibilikayo emanzini. Emva kokuhlamba oyile ukuphucula iipropati zokusebenza.

iindlela chemical

Zokuhlanjululwa ngeendlela yemichiza lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa asidi, alkalis. Le Ukucocwa awana kusetyenziswa xa ioli igugile ngamandla, kwaye azisebenzi iindlela eseleyo ngokuhlanjululwa. Le kwealkali iphembelela neutralization ye asidi organic, intsalela acid sulphuric, esters nokususwa kunye nezinye kusitsha. Ukucoca lwenziwa kwindawo umahluli olukhethekileyo condensate eshushu.

Eyona ndlela inokusetyenziswa ngokukuko zokucoca oyile injini - nokusetyenziswa kweeyunithi zidityanisiwe. siphakamisa ukuba ekuqhubeni okucoca icebo-yenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo. Kwimeko-bume mveliso, ungasebenzisa ufakelo jikelele, apho ukucoca enokwenziwa ngumntu. kusetyenziswa nokuba yiyiphi indlela ukucoca, kubalulekile ukuba umgangatho yokugqibela yeoli ibe ngaphezulu. Kwaye kuya kwandisa ixesha yokusebenza ezinzileyo kwesi sixhobo.