Eziphilayo igazi: nanjengokwesimo kwaye ukuphambuka

Igazi eziphilayo (norm imelwe itafile ezizodwa) Iluphawu indlela izifundo laboratory silungiselelwe ukuvandlakanya umsebenzi izibilini nokungabikho ethile lweziqalelo mkhondo emzimbeni womntu. Olu hlahlelo lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo amayeza, ukusuka unyango kunye ne nokuyifeza ngeninako.

Kubalulekile apha ukuba uvavanyo igazi kwenza kube lula ukubona kakuhle kwizigqeba ngoxa akukho zimpawu zangaphandle, nesakhiwo yabo alichatshazelwa, oko kukuthi, xa iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho kuba umlinganiswa ezisebenzayo.

na xa ngamachiza igazi (imithetho echaziweyo kwi table), isigulana kuthathwa 5-10 igazi ml lwemithambo (kwi engqinibeni), apho uchaza ngeekhomponenti asisiseko kunye nokuvavanya nemeko yobume bempilo yakhe.

Olu hlahlelo ivumela isifundo kwezi zalathisi zilandelayo: iiproteni, iienzymes, iikhabhohayidrethi, lipids, zombala kunye neevithamini, izinto ezingaphiliyo kunye ubunzima molekyuli iikhompawundi nitrogen ephantsi.

Xa amayeza kukho imithetho ethile chemistry igazi olunikiweyo inani izikhombisi, nto leyo kufuneka iqela elithile isini kunye nobudala egazini labantu. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iqela age ethile kunye nesondo, kukho imigaqo ethile ntsebenzo yabo. Le mida zicwangciswa kubantu abasempilweni, ngoko naluphi na utyeshelo zithathwa nje iimpawu ezizuzwa ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, ingakumbi, iinkqubo zalo kunye namaziko.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha indlela yophando njengoko ngamachiza igazi (eqhelekileyo nokuphambuka ukuba amadoda nabafazi), kwesinye kwezalathisi yayo.

1. ayidrethi (fructose, iswekile). Esi salathisi kuxhomekeke iswekile yegazi. Ummiselo kuthathwa: glucose - 3.5 ukuya 5.5 mmol / l kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda, fructosamine - ukusuka 205 ukuya 285 pmol / l.

Blood eziphilayo uyakwazi ukubona izifo ezifana seswekile kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yonyango. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kwinqanaba glucose kusenokuba kubonisa kuphuhliso seswekile, kwaye futhi zenzeka thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, ntshikilelo ngokweemvakalelo, Cushing engqondweni, i-pancreatitis okanye ithumba pancreatic.

Ukwehlisa amazinga iswekile yegazi kunokubonisa yindlala, uphuhliso ithumba, ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala yonyango, ngokunjalo yityhefu, galactosemia, njalo-njalo.

2. nemibala (yibilirubin - iyonke kunye ngqo). Oku kucingwa ukuba ngekhomyutha: yibilirubin - 5 ukuya ku-20 Mol / l, yibilirubin ngqo - 0 ukuya 3.5 Mol / l ..

Esi salathisi kwenza kube lula ukubona unobangela senyongo, kwakunye ukuvavanya ubuzaza sifo. yibilirubin Ukwanda asenokubonisa uphuhliso umhlaza nesifo, hepatitis, ukuqina kwesibindi, cholecystitis.

3. Ezi lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride). Blood eziphilayo (eqhelekileyo.): ICholesterol - ukusuka iintuku-3 ukuya kwisi-6 / l, triglycerides - amanani inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala. Ngoko ke, ngokuba abafazi 0,34 ukuya 2.9 mmol / L amadoda kunye 0.40 ukuya 2,71 mmol / l.

Ukutshintsha le parameters asenokubonisa uphuhliso kwesibindi, ukutyeba, yegazi, isifo seswekile, butywala, isifo zesibindi.

4. izinto Ongaphiliyo, iivithamini. ISithethe babecinga Potassium - 4 ukuya 5.5 mmol / l Isiqalelo setyuwa - ukusuka kweziyi-36 ukuya 145 mmol / l, kunye calcium -. 2 ukuya 2.5 mmol / l. Chlorine -. 98 ukuya 107 mmol / l, kunye phosphorus - ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 2 mmol / l, nentsimbi -. Ukususela 30,43 ukuya 7.16 mmol / l. nezinki - ukususela 0.65 ukuya 1.05 mmol / l.

ukungaqheleki eyahlukeneyo ukubonisa uphuhliso kwamathambo, isifo seswekile, ukuqina kwesibindi, ukusilela intliziyo congestive, utywala njalo njalo.

5. izinto nitrogen (urea, kwaye uric acid kunye creatinine). Blood eziphilayo (norm) urea - ukususela 2.5 ukuya 6.4 mmol / l, uric acid, - ukusuka 150 ukuya 350 pmol / L, creatinine - 53-97 pmol / L (abafazi), 62-115 pmol / .. l (amadoda).

Naziphi na izinto ezinxaxhileyo kwisiqhelo nga mazithathwe izalathi si zokunikwa kwekhono kwezintso, usulelo womchamo, toxemia yokukhulelwa, njalo-njalo.