Leyo ephucula kophahla ngezandla zakhe amanyathelo. Izixhobo uphahla aphenduke

uphahla ivaleleke - enye yezi ntlobo uthandwayo eluphahleni. Amaninzi, le misebenzi yoyilo bunokubonwa zonke iintlobo izakhiwo ezingaphandle - iishedi, iigaraji, ama, njl Maxa wambi oku kwenzeka nophahla kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. Ngqo indlela imvelaphi inyuselwa khona engamarhoqorhoqo, ukuya kophahla ngezandla zakhe, inyathelo ngenyathelo jonga kwi kamva kweli nqaku.

Ziziphi izinto ezifunekayo

kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ulwakhiwo lophahla ivaleleke ukuthenga ezi zinto zilandelayo:

Ukongeza, kufuneka ezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• Screwdriver isando.
• Zophahla ngezikhonkwane self-uthinte nezikhonkwane.
• Power isarha.

design kophahla

lwakhiwe njani isakhiwo enjalo, njengoko iphilile-ukuya eluphahleni, ngezandla zakhe? Inyathelo ngenyathelo jonga ngezantsi. Kakade ke, ngaphambi kokuba nawuphi na umsebenzi, kufuneka nakanjani le projekthi ze uzobe umzobo. Kweli nqanaba engile ekhethiweyo abese owenza zonke izibalo eziyimfuneko.

Icandelo lokuqala kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Le umoya nemithwalo nekhephu, nto leyo eza kusebenza kule ngingqi. Ukubala kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amakhadi ezizodwa. Imizobo uphahla isisifundo inyanzelekile ukuba imiqathango nemimiselo parameters.

Kwakhona,-engile ukuthambeka kuxhomekeke izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Okwangoku, uhlobo uthandwayo yesikhumba i Iphepha sentsimbi a, ingakumbi, lobeko yayo ezifana metal. Kwakhona siza kuqwalasela indlela kokufakwa kwale izinto ezithile. Xa usebenzisa engile ubuncinane utyekelo yophahla ivaleleke kufuneka kube degrees 14.

uyilo uphahla leyo ephucula kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo loo parameter: anenani elifunekayo izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Ukuze ufunde ukuba ufunde indlela, kufuneka kangakanani ukuthenga sheet metal, uchaze ngezantsi.

inkqubo aphenduke truss kophahla

Into leyo ephucula kophahla, inkqubo ethile uphahla, elula ezahlukeneyo ezakhayo. Xa sisakhiwo zophahla ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Mauerlat. Ngoko wabiza imithi elingqingqwa, iyafakwa ngasezindongeni kunye nomqeshwa inkxaso emiqadini.
• Ezisekele. Le yeyona nto iphambili eluphahleni. Usekela phantsi ikreyiti.
• imilenze inkxaso. A edge uphahla ephucula kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kunomnye. Ukuze kwenzeke oku, oku kusetyenziswa bar okanye elingqingqwa, okanye inkxaso imiqolo. Xa ububanzi nobude abangaphezu kwe-4.5 m zichazwe nedawo eliphakathi.
• Jib. Kwimeko odibanisa ububanzi neemitha ngaphezu kwe-6, ngakumbi ngokomeleza jib bahambahamba (ngama-45). Ukuba umgama phakathi kweendonga inkxaso engaphezulu 9 m, i jib ezimbini enyusiweyo macala omabini.

Ukubalwa kwenkqubo lophahla

Kwaba naye uqale ukubala nophahla aphenduke. Isebenzisa imisebenzi netrigonometri. Ubude imiqadi, umzekelo, zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: C = A / cos a, apho C - ubude umqadi, A - ububanzi sesicatshulwa, kunye - engile utyekelo ithambeka. Kule nani kufuneka kongezwe 50 kwemiqhele m itulo.

Ukubalwa ezibonakalayo ezifulelwe

Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge ukuba ukujonga indlela ezibonakalayo ukuze uphahla. Bala anenani elifunekayo snap metal. Ukuze wenze oku, kuqala kufuneka ufumane indawo ithambeka phinda ubude umqadi phezu ubude lwesakhiwo. Okulandelayo, isiphumo ifunyenwe udityaniswa no-4 itulo cm. ubude uphahla ephucula Ngokuqhelekileyo ulahlekile iphepha elinye. Ukuba kummango inde kakhulu, kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kwakhona ububanzi ezifanayo. Uphahla eqhelekileyo kunye ukutyekela izidanga 35, le parameter umenzi-15 cm. Ububanzi seqela ezithe nkqo phakathi okurekhoda ngokubanzi kwi uluhlu-20 cm. Le ixabiso elincinane. Ukuze sibe ekhuselekileyo, ezifanayo singenziwa ngokubanzi.

ufakelo mauerlat

Cinga ukufakelwa isakhiwo ezifana engamarhoqorhoqo, uphahla, izandla zakhe (inyathelo ngenyathelo). Assembly of inkqubo lophahla luqala ufakelo mauerlat. Kuba obandayo uphahla ephucula kuvumelekile imivalo kumacala ahlukeneyo kweminwe ezimbini kuphela. Ukuba iindonga yokwakha ngekhonkrithi monolithic, kunye ulwakhiwo zabo phezu iibholiti iankile kufuneka ugcwalise ngokwemizuzu ye-50 cm. Ngendlela efanayo kuza ukuba iindonga zenziwe yerhasi okanye amagwebu. Ngokutsho imithetho, xa zibekwe phezu ukwakha amalungiselelo ibhanti monolithic eziphathekayo. Kuba izitena zokwakha mauerlat indlela elula ukulungisa ucingo-intonga, bay yayo ngqo wamatye bekwizintlu ezintathu ngaphezulu.

Kwimeko apho ezazisetyenziswa bar iankile kuvuswa kuqala eludongeni, wayibeka phezu kwabo. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka babe sledgehammer Urhashaza phezu kancinane. Ngenxa yoko, phezu kwayo ahlale imizila ziiankile. Kwezi ndawo, kunye imingxuma kugrunjwa. Okulandelayo, kufuneka kwakhona abeke bar phezu kodonga, namaxwebhu axhasayo uzifake nut washer ezinkulu.

Ukufakelwa ntsimbi zilapha phezulu phantsi ezisekele

Kakade ke, kuphela xa inkqubo echanekileyo indibano truss ukufumana uphahla ethembekileyo ixesha elide. (Uyakwazi bona ngezantsi ifoto kuyilo efanayo) yenza kakhulu ukuba ngezandla zabo. Isethi lokuqala imela emiqadini. Okokuqala, qhoboshela amasuntswana mauerlat ukuba udonga phezu apho kuya kubakho indawo eliphezulu ithambeka. Ngoko ukunyusa nesakhelo eludongeni eliphakathi. Pre kubo ngendlela efanayo njengoko mauerlat kunqabisa amaplanga Lejeune. Umgama phakathi imiqadi umenzi-80 cm. Kwimeko xa uphahla sakhiwe ngaphezu bath okanye indlu yokuhlala, yaye kamva kuthatha yokugquma yayo, kungcono ukuba langutela phakathi kwemilenze lilingana ububanzi isifudumezi ekhethiweyo.

Ukunqabiseka nedawo ukuba mauerlat kunye sleepers ikona kwalenza. Further jib ukuxhasa imvelaphi inyuselwa khona xa kuyimfuneko. Yenza kubo ka imiqadi sokurhuqa ngaphezu bahambahamba kwaye esifakelweyo ngezikhonkwane kufutshane kwisithuba engaphakathi elizayo imbala.

Ukufakelwa ezisekele

imiqadi ezinkulu kakhulu isakhiwo ezifana engamarhoqorhoqo, ukuya kophahla, akukho mfuneko yokuba amalungiselelo. Le nto ilula kakhulu, kwaye loo nto ayithethi ukuyilayisha ngenkxaso. Ngu imiqadi mauerlat nayo zixhonywe ekoneni. Maxa wambi node lezikhonkwane ezintathu, enye yazo eqhutywa nkqo phezulu, kunye nezinye ezimbini - emacaleni kwi-engile. yokubeka ekhwele phezu ngokubaleka yokuqala. In ezisekele ngaphantsi kuyimfuneko ngayo ukusika slot. Ayanda yenzelwa phezu amanxeba.

Ezisekele uphahla leyo ephucula pre-lumele kugcwale magciwane. Oku kuya kwandisa kakhulu ubomi eluphahleni. Nabani na, nkqu izinto nophahla inokuthenjwa amaxesha ngamaxesha unika ukuvuza. Iwela babizwa ngokuba izinto zokuxhoma yephayi amanzi ukubola kweenkuni.

zingangenwa

Into leyo ephucula uphahla njengoko nophahla kunye nasiphi na isakhiwo, ngokuyimfuneko ibandakanya nokufakelwa zingangenwa. Imicu plastic ifilim shelwe kwicala tye. Vnatyag ayikwazi wayifaka. Inyaniso kukuba nasiphi isakhiwo ngomthi ekugqibeleni wahlehla kancinane. Ukongeza, umoya onamandla kunokuba inkqubela encinane zokwakha. Ngenxa yoko, umboniso angaphula nje. Too nikunqena kakhulu akufuneki ukuba nayo.

Qhoboshela umboniso ngqo ezisekele phezu imivalo 50 * 50 mm. Okulandelayo, phezu kwabo imvelaphi inyuselwa furring tye. Langutela phakathi izinto ngamnye kule meko kufuneka ilingane nobubanzi ngamaza yesinyithi. Ebhokisini wayebethelelwe iinzipho kwalenza.

Izixhobo wophahla inkqubo emdaka kunye umtya

Kulo inyathelo elilandelayo kukho izinto nophahla imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ukuya eluphahleni. Ukuba le projekthi ibonelela inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa amanzi, kufuneka kuqala ukufaka emdaka. Umgama phakathi kwezakhi obandayo ixhomekeka kuhlobo izakhiwo ethumela izigulane. Okulandelayo, kufuneka ukulungisa esesiphelweni ithambeka phezu battens ephantsi (encotsheni emdaka kwizibiyeli) lwesakhiwo strip. Ukunqabiseka ngezikhonkwane okanye izikrufu kunye langutela ka-30 cm. Le ukungqubana phakathi kwezahlulo abasuke kufuneka ubuncinane-10 cm.

Ukufakelwa metal

Okulandelayo badlule sheet lokubopha. Imizobo nophahla nge ethambekeni ingakumbi entsonkothileyo musa zahlukile. Yigqume lwakhiwo lunokuthi ngensimbi kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Qala ukusebenza ukususela ekupheleni ithambeka. I Iphepha lokuqala ingqanyaniswe kwi kongqameko ukuze kwaba itulo elincinane, uze ulungise apho Ridge Screw enye. Ngokubhekele phaya evusa eluphahleni yesibini kwimakhishithi, oku kwakhona elungelelaniswe emazantsi, banamathele kuqala izikrufu kummango ngokusebenzisa ngumtshangatshangiso mnye. Ukulungisa amaphepha amaninzi kangaka, zalungisa kubo kwakhona qhoboshela ikreyiti. Phindani kwakhona ngokusebenzisa ngezikhonkwane emazantsi amaza ngokusebenzisa enye.

Ukulungiselela isakhiwo enjalo, njengoko uphahla ephucula beplanga incence, kufuneka ulandele eminye imithetho. Oku kuya kuthintela umonakalo umaleko phezulu Polymer sheets nokunciphisa sempilo sabo. Okokuqala, nangokukrola umbandela kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa isikere yesinyithi. asinakusetyenziswa sokuhluza ukulungiselela le njongo. Okwesibini, kufuneka ukuba uhambe phezu kwendlu kwindawo izihlangu ezithambileyo. Store amaxwebhu makabe ngokufumba eziphakamileyo kakhulu, ekukhethwa ukuba ngaphakathi.

Ukufakelwa ukwahlukanisa

Ngoko ke, thina nani nonke iinkcukacha ndicinge ukuba ukwenza njani nophahla aphenduke. Xa kunjalo, ukuba uphahla ephucula yakhelwe phezu indlu indlu nakwixesha elizayo siceba ukuba amalungiselelo ngezantsi imbala, oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, kuya kufuneka ukuba unombombiya. Ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa usambathisa uboya bezimbiwa. Istro amagwebu - impahla futhi kuhle kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuba kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu kancinci. Ukongeza, loo nto ayinakusetyenziswa kuloo makhaya apho kukho mouse. Isibakala sokuba namabuzi ndimnqule prodelyvat kwi ugwebu eziphathekayo uhamba ze wozibeka emngxunyeni. Impuku nazo kumakhaya ipoma - ziyenzeka kakhulu eziqhelekileyo.

Xa ukwambathisa silubona enomtsalane ngaphakathi kophahla ngezandla zakhe (photo iyakungqina oku). Ngoko ke, ngezantsi kuyiqwalasela ngqo le ndlela. Imiqadi, ukuba oku akuzange kwenziwe kulo ibandla, qiniseka ukuba ukuphatha nokubola kwaye yandisa iimpawu eliyinjubaqa yesakhiwo iinkuni.

therebetween Further kakhulu abekwe i Iizilebhu kwezimbiwa zoboya. Ngoko ke ukuba ngaba kuwa ngaphandle kwiziphambuka ukuthambeka, ukuba esisigxina wire eqhelekileyo, kunabela ukusuka imiqadi ukuya umqadi.

umqobo umphunga kunye imbala ophela ingaphakathi

Emva kokufakwa yokugquma aqale entabeni paroizolyatora. ukusetyenziswa kwayo - yinkqubo efunekayo. Inyaniso ukuba phantsi kophahla uqokelela isixa inqununu zomphunga yokwakha zokuhlala condensate. Ukuba kukho umqobo Umphunga ayifakwanga, amanzi uqalisa ukuba kulungiswe ngqo kwi usambathisa. Kwaye oku, Kakade ke, kakhulu ukunciphisa iipropati yayo ekugcineni ubushushu.

Indlela yokwenza efudumeleyo uphahla ivaleleke? Kubalulekile ukukhetha paroizolyator ekunene. Obtyanut uyilo kungaba, umzekelo, ene- polyethylene ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lethu ukuba izinto ezizodwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kwelinye icala elinye banalo umaleko alumuniyam eliqinileyo. Maxa ephantsi kophahla, ugqunywe ngezinto ezinjalo, kungcono ukugcina ubushushu. Paroizolyator kufuneka silungise icala ngefoyile ye bekuyintsika igumbi. Njengoko manzi umboniso, kuyo waqhoboshela liye emivalweni kwicandelo encinane. Oku amalungiselelo ngakumbi umsantsa umoya apho emva koku iya kuba umoya yokomisa paroizolyator.

Ngelo xesha yokugqibela imivalo ziyaxhonywa ekugqibeleni entle. Kakhulu idla ngokusetyenziswa kubagubungela kophahla ngamaplanga ezingabizi. iintlobo yanamhlanje ibonakala kakhulu ephucukileyo. Eliphezulu, isale ngale nto, ukuba mhle. Wena Akukho mfuneko ukusebenzisa kuyilo ezongezelelweyo - iphepha lodongo, ukupeyinta, njalo njalo Ngamanye amaxesha akhande ngombala imbala, blockhouse okanye plasterboard. Ukuba oyifunayo, imitha, ityatyekwe. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba olu khetho alukho engcono. Umakhi yinkqubo truss nzima kunene. Ukongeza, xa ukuvuza encinane iza kuqalisa iwe ziingceba.

Ngoko ke, yiyo loo nto sesifana imvelaphi inyuselwa kophahla olunye-pitch ngezandla zakhe, inyathelo ngenyathelo. Ngethemba ngoku une ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ecacileyo ukubeka indlela umqadi, ukwenza istili kwaye ekhusela imbala. Yenza umsebenzi ngokuchanekileyo, unamathele zonke izibonelelo zethekhinoloji, kwaye unalo ethembekileyo nophahla elungileyo-esemgangathweni eya kuhlala ishumi leminyaka ngaphezu kwesinye.