Le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Kiev (1941), ngokufutshane

Defence Kiev 1941 - idabi elikhulu-isikali oluBomvu Army kunye Wehrmacht ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kuthiwa kudala ngaphambi kwesi siganeko buhlungu abantu bomzi waqonda ukuba umsebenzi Kiev abazange ukuba sidlule. Emva koko, inyanga emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, abantu Kiev waqalisa ukushiya umzi, baye ezidolophini ezijikelezileyo nasezilalini okwakufanele ukugcina abemi ekutshatyalalisweni. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka ukuba abantu abaninzi babe Kiev yaye ilungele edabini kungekudala. Abantu nesibindi of Kiev waqhubeka ukusebenza, ukwakha iinqaba nokulungiselela ukuba uhlaselo.

Ezibangela ukuba idabi kufuphi Kiev

Emva kokuba imikhosi yaseJamani ahlala ummandla ESmolensk, uHitler wagqiba ukuhlasela kwi eKiev ukuba kungekudala soyise onke amazwe Ukrainian. Wayefuna ukuba zifake i-Ukraine kuba iidiphozithi zamalahle sele nommandla wayo. UHitler wayekholelwa ukuba kuza kunceda ukunika amajoni aseJamani ufudumale kunye nokutya ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuqhubeka ngamajoni kummandla eSoviet Union.

Emva kokuba kuthinjwe mazwe Ukrainian kwacetywa ukulujikeleza eMoscow, uze emva koko ukuphumeza emuva eSoviet Union.

Kiev ukuziphendulela 1941 emfutshane empini

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kuye kwabulawa inani elikhulu loonobumba. Akukho namnye unako ukulibala indlela amajoni Red Army zaye elikhuselayo kwilizwe lawo nxamnye notshaba.

Defence Kiev ngo-1941 iye yaba lixesha elinzima kakhulu ukuba i-Red Army kunye nabemi. Nangona imikhosi engalinganiyo, i-Red Army wema ukuya kowokugqibela benze izinto lithemba, ukwenzela ukuthintela amajoni amaJamani phambili ngakumbi. Uninzi iiyunithi Red Army olahlekelwe kwebala kunye umyalelo ephakamileyo, kwakunye kunye neeyunithi ezingabamelwane. Abaninzi kubo uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva kwaye ayikwazanga basinde kuyo. Kuthiwa ukuba uninzi Wafa okanye basiwa mbanjwa yotshaba.

ukunqongophala nezikhali, inani imikhosi, kunye noncedo kubemi eSoviet Army

Sele iimfazwe wokuqala ukunqongophala kakuhle ephawuleka iingalo emthethweni. Hitler wayecebe ukuba zifake capital imibane, Noko ke, nangona ukongama imikhosi yaseJamani kwamanani, kwakunye nokungabikho izixhobo zomkhosi wamajoni Red Army walwa bangamaqhawe nxamnye notshaba. Le wokhuselo yobuqhawe Kiev ngo-1941 soze ilityalwe, kuba amajoni Red Army kunye nabantu isixeko ndawonye alwa ngesibindi ingqukuva.

Ukongeza kule iiyunithi zomkhosi ukuba wasivuna elikomkhulu, nasekuziphenduleleni kwam of Kiev kunye abemi bathatha inxaxheba. Bangaphezu kwama-200 000 abantu Kiev baya kulwa ngaphambili ngokuzithandela. Ekwakhiweni lwelayini Uyalwa obungaphezu abahlali 160 000 asebenza yonke imihla, abaye ndawonye umkhosi wamajoni.

Kiev ukuziphendulela 1941 Isishwankathelo uhlaselo phezu kweengqukuva

njongo iphambili uHitler yaba umsebenzi kummandla Donbass kunye eCrimea. Okokuqala, uphuhliso lwemimandla mveliso yezolimo ukuqinisekisa umkhosi kunye ngasemva kwezibonelelo. Okwesibini, ukuthatha ilizwe Ukrainian iza kuqinisekisa kwangaphambili kuziphi yomkhosi waseJamani ukuba eyona njongo yabo iphambili - eMoscow.

Emva kahle ESmolensk umyalelo yaseJamani bagqiba walithimba USSR. Hitler izicwangciso ukuze bambambe eKiev umbane, kodwa amandla nesibindi nenkululeko-onothando Red Army akazange anike amaphupha akhe oyinyaniso.

Kakade ngoJulayi 11, amajoni aseJamani wazama ukuba singene aze asithimbe ikomkhulu Kiev, kodwa ukuzithethelela zokunyanzelisa lokuhlaselwa ye-Red Army azithanga flash wasithimba isixeko. Emva koko, utshaba wagqiba yokucima eKiev kumacala omabini kwaye Julayi 30 zibuyele neemeko nokuhlaselwa umzi.

August 7 emoyeni Brigade AI Rodimtsev ebibanjwe balwe. Oku kwamnceda ukuba ukuzinzisa le meko, kodwa kuphela ukuba ixesha analo lifutshane. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amava paratroopers abazange babe, yaye abazange babe kwezikhali esindayo. elihamba Strong German ukuba phikisa ukulwa kuphela umoya, inkalipho obungummangaliso.

I Sukwenza umyalelo eSoviet isigqibo malunga nokumiselwa iyantlukwano ezintsha ukwazisa empini. Oku kwamnceda ukuba uphephe imeko avela.

Ngo-Agasti 10, utshaba yakwazi ukuba atyhudise, abheke namadlelo kumzantsi-ntshona, kodwa apha bahlupheka kubi: uxhathiso yobuqhawe 37 Army yanyanzela imikhosi yaseJamani ukuhlala kwakhona.

Nangona uxhathiso yobuqhawe, ukuba kuqhubeka phambi imikhosi yaseJamani, kwakunye ukukhusela Kyïv. Julayi-Septemba 1941 ukuba esi sixeko nobunzima kakhulu, kuba zonke ezintathu iinyanga utshaba waqhubeka lokuhlasela ndimaphule Red Army.

Kiev Setting

Ngenxa yokuba abantu Red Army uphindelela ngesibindi inkani, uHitler wagqiba ukuba wasezantsi 2nd umkhosi intsimi kunye neqela itanki 1st, olwamenza kwicala eMoscow. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ngeli xesha imikhosi yaseJamani wasityhobozela ukuya Dnieper River ukuya ezantsi. Noko ke, ngasekupheleni Agasti, amabutho esitha bawela umlambo ngasentla of Kiev, yaye kummandla Chernihiv, abhalisa kunye neeyunithi babo ababefundisiwe buqhubeka ngasentla.

Nangona into yokuba kukho isoyikiso kokusingqongileyo, Stalin kodwa wagqiba ekubeni uqhubeke ukuziphendulela eyinkunzi. Oku kuboniswa nentlekele iziganeko elizayo, ukuba amajoni eSoviet lihambe emva isilumkiso yokuqala malunga nokusingqongileyo, ubomi babantu kuba enga kangaka.

Defence Kiev ngo-1941 yakhunjulwa ixesha elide. Le ubuqhawe nesibindi amasoldati Red Army ayikwazi ukunceda, kodwa omthandayo. Nangona inani imikhosi yaseJamani phantse kathathu Olubomvu Army, abazange umva phantsi yaye waqhubeka kukhusela ingqukuva.

Le kokoyiswa amabutho Soviet

September 9, kwafika amajoni aseJamani ukuya Kiev ne bamngqonga. Nangona i-Red Army emtyhobozele phantse, noko wenza amalinge lithemba ukuba nempumelelo.

September 19 amajoni aseJamani akwazi ukungena esixekweni, yaye Kiev kudweliswe amajoni Soviet kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. I Sukwenza umyalelo eSoviet wenza iinzame ukukhulula amaqela bayirhawula ye-Red Army, kodwa asiphumelelanga. A lot of amajoni namagosa babulawa, kwakunye utshaba kuthinjwa. Defence Kiev ngo-1941 wathabatha inani elingu-ubomi eyarhaxwayo yamajoni kunye nesibindi Red Army, abakulungele ukwenza nantoni na ukuze kukhululwe yelizwe lawo. Banika ubomi babo ukuze bahlale emhlabeni wabo, niyinike ezandleni yotshaba.

Kuthiwa phambi ukhuseleko Kiev G. K. zhukov ingxelo uStalin ukuba imikhosi Soviet kufuneka zidluliselwe ukusuka kwigophe le Dnieper River.

Kulahlekelwa bubomi kunye nesibindi Olubomvu Army

umfundi ngamnye abadala uyazi ukuba bangaphi side Kiev ukuziphendulela 1941 Akukho namnye unako umlibale iimfazwe liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, inkalipho ubuqhawe Olubomvu Army. Bonke abantu baya kuyikhumbula indlela amajoni alwa umzi capital basophula ba- nako. Akukho namnye amajoni akazange ecinga ukuba ashiye ngayo edabini, Nelokubanika ikomkhulu ezandleni yotshaba. Ezi ziganeko ziya elikhunjulwa ngonaphakade, kuba nje asingekhe silibale.

Kufuneka ke ukuba ngokoyiswa oluBomvu Army kwaba ntwala ukuze kwilizwe lonke yaye ngamandla nempembelelo uphuhliso ngakumbi IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Impi zibulele ubomi babantu abangaphezu 700.000. Ukongeza iilahleko ezinkulu zabantu, eSoviet Union yalahlekelwa phantse yonke Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine. Ngenxa yoko, indlela eya Donbass, kuLwandle of Azov, kwaye eMpuma Ukraine yaba sivulelekile ukuba amajoni German.

Ukungaphumeleli izicwangciso kaHitler

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba ukuziphendulela Kiev ngo-1941 yaba ukuba amajoni aseJamani engalindelanga. Ukulwa emzini walitshitshisa izicwangciso kaHitler ukuba blitzkrieg kwaye bamba nangoko eyinkunzi. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba sikhankanye ukuba athintele kwangaphambili yawo ekuyeni elikomkhulu, kanjalo wasiza ukulungiselela amajoni Soviet ukuziphendulela eMoscow. Iinyanga 3 imikhosi Soviet likwazile ukomeleza indawo yayo ukuze ngesibindi yaye bangamaqhawe ibonisa Bovuthela butho yaseJamani.

Imiphumo ngokoyiswa ezaxhobela Soviet kwi wawalwela Kiev

Ekubulaleni Red Army kukhokelele kwinto yokuba indlela eya eMpuma Ukraine, Azov kunye Donbass waba sivulelekile ukuba amabutho German. Kufuneka ithi yintoni eyabangela kokurhoxa Red Army:

• October 17, amajoni aseJamani ahlala i Donbas.
• October 25 amabutho esitha wayithimba eKharkov.
• Novemba 2 imikhosi yaseJamani likwazile ukufaka eCrimea kunye Sevastopol ukuvimba.

Zonke khumbula kudala ukhuseleko Kiev 1941 kunyaka 1942 yaba kwegazi e Ukraine: wawalwela Sevastopol, eKharkov umsebenzi, njalo njalo Kunzima ukucinga ukuba yasinda .. nomkhosi kunye nabantu lizwe ngelo xesha.

Xa ukukhusela Kiev kuthatha onke amanyathelo kunokwenzeka ukuphucula ukulwa amandla amabutho Soviet. Bona ngesibindi bakhusela intsimi yabo ezibonisa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Kufuneka ke ukuba ilahleko ezingabantu kakhulu. amajoni abaninzi eSoviet zafakwa lutshaba, kodwa, nangona oku, ngenkalipho yayingazani imida.

Defence Kiev ngo-1941 - isiganeko ukuba uya kukhunjulwa ixesha elide ukuze wonke. Inkalipho kunye ubuqhawe amajoni eSoviet zange ashiye diki ngokupheleleyo nabani. Bevela yonke imikhosi bazama yokugxotha ukuhlaselwa lutshaba kwaye ngokuzingca otvoovyvali Kiev. Ekubulaleni igalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu izenzo zomkhosi kunye nezicwangciso umyalelo German ngokunxulumene emizini Ukraine, ngokunjalo eMoscow.