Izizwe Eastern lenqaba kunye nabamelwane babo, imbali, iimpawu kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Inxalenye itotali abantu Slavic, kuhlala kumaXesha Aphakathi kusasa, ummandla East European Plain, ezenziwa liqela izizwe East Slavic (ukuba yahlukile ngokuphawulekayo yasemzantsi nasentshona nokuxubana). Le yeMetro ecaleni eninzi yabantu ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuvela eMpuma nokuxubana

zakudala Modern has zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuqaqambisa iinkcukacha phi nendlela yokuphila izizwe Mpuma Slavic kunye nabamelwane babo. Indlela ukwenza uluntu ekuqaleni ephakathi? Nakumaxesha yamaRoma avareji Slavic yokuhlala Vistula kunye eliphezulu Dniestre. Ukusuka apha kwaqalisa amazwe empumalanga - ummandla Russia mihla kunye Ukraine.

I-V kunye VII cc. Nokuxubana wahlala kummandla Dnieper, ndawonye ne Por. Ngenkulungwane VIII, ngenxa yokuba enamandla esitsha wave yokufudukela kumiswa elinye inkcubeko - Romny. zenethiwekhi zaso northerners. Ezi izizwe Eastern Slavic kunye nabamelwane zazinza okudada Seym imilambo Desna kunye Sula. Okunye 'izihlobo' ubuso babo afakiwe elimxinwa. Northerners bahlala copses kunye namasimi, Wayixakaxa amahlathi nemigxobhozo.

Amazwe iVolga and Oka

Ngenkulungwane VI, waqalisa amazwe Mpuma nokuxubana of nekamva le-Russian North naphakathi iVolga kunye Oka. Apha bahlangabezana ezijongene amaqela amabini kubamelwane - i Balts kunye Finno-Ugric. Kweyokuqala ukuya mpuma wafudukela krivichi. Bahlala e Upper iVolga. North zangena Ilmen Slovenes, owayehlala kummandla we-White Lake. Apha ke nazo Pomorie. Kwakhona ilmentsy bahlala Pool Mologa kunye iVolga Yaroslavl. Kunye nezizwe, ugalelwe kunye namasiko.

izizwe Eastern lenqaba kunye nabamelwane babo babelane eMoscow owayephila kunye kwiNgingqi Ryazan. Kwakukho bamathanga vyatichi, kangangoko engaphantsi - i northerners kunye radzimichy. Abanikeleyo kwaye Don nokuxubana. Vyatichi kufika Prony emlanjeni kuhlala phezu ngasechwebeni loMlambo eMoscow. Eyona uphawu kwezi bamathanga amakhonkco itempile. Ngokutsho kwakhe, abembi ziye zachongwa kwaye Vyatichi indawo nokuhlaliswa. Mpumalanga Russia watsala abafuduki isiseko ezinzileyo yezolimo kunye nezibonelelo oboya, babesele yasilela kwezinye iindawo Slavic zokuhlala. Bendawo - zangaphambili (Finno-Ugric) - ambalwa yaye kungekudala shwaka phakathi kwabona okanye saqhutywa ngaphandle ngabo ekude.

abamelwane Eastern

Yokugcwalisa efikelela kuyo iVolga, i nokuxubana baba abamelwane ze iVolga Bulgarians. Bahlala kummandla Tatarstan yanamhlanje. Arabhu ingqalelo abantu zabo lasemantla zehlabathi, ukuba baziqhelanise Islam. Elikomkhulu ubukumkani iVolga Bulgars yaba isixeko Great Bulgaria. Fort yakhe emi. ukungqubana kwemihla Military phakathi iVolga Bulgarians kunye nokuxubana zasempumalanga baqala kwisithuba elilodwa, indawo esembindini eRashiya, apho inkampani yakhe Uyekile ukwenza yesizwe ngokungqongqo. Ukukhabana mzuzu kunye nexesha loxolo. Ngeli xesha, urhwebo ezihlawula ecaleni lomlambo enkulu ingeniso ebonakalayo kuwo omabini amacala.

Ukwakha izizwe Mpuma Slavic kwimida yayo yasempuma nazo wangcwatyelwa kummandla eyayihlala Khazars. Aba bantu, efana iVolga Bulgarians kwaba eTurkey. Ngelo xesha, i Khazars kwakukho amaYuda, ukuba kakhulu engaqhelekanga eYurophu owayephila. Zilawula indawo ebalulekileyo ukusuka Don ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian. Intliziyo i Khazar Khanate yaba esezantsi kuyo iVolga, apho kufuphi Astrakhan mihla apho Khazar ikomkhulu Itil.

abamelwane Western

Umda ntshona kokuhlaliswa yaseMpuma nokuxubana ingqalelo Volyn. Ukusuka apho waya Dnieper waphila Duleby - imanyano yezizwe eziliqela. Archeologists zibaleni ukuba inkcubeko yasePrague-korchak. Le manyano kwakukho Volhynians, drevlyans, Dregovichi nokucima. Ngenkulungwane VII, basinda hlaselo yaseAvar.

izizwe Eastern lenqaba kunye nabamelwane babo kulo mmandla babehlala kwindawo emathafeni. West iqala ummandla nokuxubana Western, okokuqala zonke zezibonda. Relations nabo simbi emva kokudalwa Russia kunye Vladimir Svyatoslavich nokwamkelwa Orthodox. Izinti abaye babhaptizwa isiko yamaKatolika. Phakathi kwabo kunye empuma nokuxubana kwakunzima nje kuphela Volyn, kodwa Compostela.

Umzabalazo ne Pechenegs

Eastern nokuxubana kwisithuba zezizwe zobuhedeni azibanga nako ikoloni yoLwandle Black. Apha iphela babizwa ngokuba "Enkulu emathafeni" - ummandla emathafeni, ibekwe entliziyweni Eurasia. yoLwandle Black kwatsala ezahlukeneyo mbuya. Kwinkulungwane IX apho ahlala Pechenegs. Ezi inqwaba lokuphila phakathi Russia, eBulgaria, Hungary kunye Alan.

KuMgaqo-Sea Black, wabatshabalalisa emaqeleni Pechenegs wahlala inkcubeko. Wanyamalala Transnistrian lenqaba (Tivertsy) kunye Don Alani. Kwi X ngenkulungwane waqala abaninzi Russian-Pecheneg imfazwe. Sasingenakufumana kunye kunye nezinye izizwe Mpuma Slavic kunye nabamelwane babo. UKUSETYENZISWA Bajanaks byi eninzi ingqalelo, nto leyo akumangalisi. Ezi mbuya eziqwengayo babehlala kuphela ngenxa iyanyuka yaye nomthetho abantu Kiev ne Pereyaslavets. Kwinkulungwane XI endaweni yabo beza i nokuba enamandla ngaphezu utshaba - Polovtsy.

Nokuxubana e Don

Nokuxubana baqala ukuphuhlisa kakhulu avareji kummandla Don kwi Ekuveleni VIII - IX iinkulungwane. Ngeli xesha kukho kuvela zesikhumbuzo Borshevsky inkcubeko. mpawu yalo ebaluleke kakhulu (iseramikhi, ubudlelwane, unqulo imizila) ibonisa ukuba bamathanga Don weza ukusuka emazantsi-ntshona Yurophu. Don nokuxubana zazingekho northerners okanye vyatichi, abaphengululi babecinga de kutshanje. Kwinkulungwane IX ngenxa nokungena yabantu sinwenwile phakathi kwabo benze isithethe yokungcwaba yokungcwaba, leyo vyatichskomu efanayo.

Kwi X Ngenkulungwane nokuxubana Russian kunye nabamelwane babo kummandla yasinda kuphangwa Pechenegs karhataka. Abaninzi bagoduka babuya kummandla Don Pooche. Yiloo nto sinokuthi ilizwe Ryazan abantu macala omabini - ukusuka emaqeleni esemazantsi nasentshona. Ukubuya the nokuxubana kwi Don isitya kuphela kwinkulungwane XII. Kule ndawo, kwi ngasezantsi bamathanga ezintsha wayenza echibini Bityug umlambo kwaye lubekhona ngokupheleleyo pool Voronezh River.

Ngakuye ke kwakusebenza Balts kunye Finno-Ugric

izizwe Slavic Radimichi Vyatichi kwicala ecaleni kunye Balts - abemi yanamhlanje-Lithuania, Latvia kunye Estonia. iinkcubeko zabo got ezinye iimpawu ezifanayo. Oku akothusi. izizwe Eastern lenqaba kunye nabamelwane babo, ngamafutshane, hayi kuphela ithengiswe, kodwa nazo ziye zaba nempembelelo ethnogenesis enye. Ngokomzekelo, xa iindawo Vyatichi zakudala baye bafumana gqith kwezinye izizwe ezinxulumene entanyeni hryvnia.

A uhlobo inkcubeko Slavic iye yaphuhliswa ujikeleza Balts kunye nezizwe Finno-Ugric kummandla Lake Pskov. Kwakukho shaft-ezifana emimangweni elide, owathatha amabala yokungcwaba. kuphela izizwe ezinjalo wakha wengingqi East Slavic kunye nabamelwane babo. Imbali kuphuhliso izithethe zomngcwabo yenza iingcali ukuze ngocoselelo ukwazi elidlulileyo iintlanga. Pskov izinyanya wakha izakhiwo emhlabeni Log kunye nezitovu okanye oveni zodaka (ngokuchasene yesiko emazantsi isiqingatha-dugouts). Kwakhona benza isileshi-and-wokukhusela ezolimo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Pskov iikiriva elide yanwenwela Podvinye Polotsk kunye ESmolensk Dnieper. Le mimandla Impembelelo Balts kwakuyeyona nto.

Impembelelo abamelwane zenkolo kunye neentsomi

Njengezinye izizwe ezininzi eMpuma Yurophu, Eastern nokuxubana ubomi, inkqubo clan solusapho. Ngenxa yoku, bafika, inkxaso babezinikele usapho kunye babezinikele mngcwabo. I nokuxubana baba nabahedeni. Oothixo ibalulekileyo nenqwaba ingqalelo Perun, Mokosh kunye Veles. On kwiintsomi lenqaba nempembelelo Celtic Iran (amaSarmatia, AmaSkitiya Alans). Ezi zinto zaye kuboniswa kule mifanekiso woothixo. Ngoko ke, Dazhbog efanayo wamaCelts uthixo Dagda kunye Mokosh efanayo Maha.

Siye saba kakhulu nokuxubana eziqhelekileyo yobuhedeni kunye nabamelwane babo iinkolelo. History of Baltic kwiintsomi ushiye amagama oothixo Perkunas (Perun) kunye Velnyasa (Velez). Le motif umthi yehlabathi kwaye ubukho Dragon (Inyoka Gorynycha) kuzisa neentsomi Slavic kunye kubaphangi. Emva kokuba uluntu nanye yahlulwa ibe zizizwe ezininzi, iinkolelo baqalisa ukufumana umahluko zengingqi. Umzekelo, abahlali Oka kunye iVolga namava impembelelo ekhethekileyo neentsomi ka Finno-Ugric izizwe.

Wobukhoboka nokuxubana empumalanga

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, kwi nokuxubana zasempuma, ikhoboka Ages eqhelekileyo Aphakathi ekuqaleni. Amabanjwa zathathwa, njengesiqhelo, emfazweni. Umzekelo, ababhali Arabhu ixesha ngelithi ukuba Eastern nokuxubana bawathabatha amakhoboka ezininzi kwiimfazwe kunye Hungarians (Magyars kwaye, yena, wasiwa njengekhoboka bengamabanjwa nokuxubana). Olu hlanga endaweni ekhethekileyo. Hungarian ngokuzalwa - Finno-Ugric izizwe. Baya bafudukela entshonalanga awuthimba indawo engqonge iindawo efikelela phakathi weDanube. Ngoko ke, lo Hungarians baba kanye phakathi kwabona esemazantsi, empuma nasentshona. Kule uqhagamshelo kukho imfazwe rhoqo.

Nokuxubana wayengase azithengise amakhoboka eseByzantium, Bulgaria okanye iVolga Khazaria. Nangona inkoliso yabo liqulethe abo awabanjwa kwiimfazwe sabasemzini, ngenkulungwane VIII kwakukho amakhoboka phakathi izalamane zabo. Benemfundo babekwazi ebukhobokeni ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukuhlukunyezwa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Abaxhasi iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo ukuze akhusele umbono wakhe, njengako apho eRashiya ubukhoboka hlobo ayizange yayingekabikho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuzo kula mazwe amakhoboka bafuna kuba apha wonke umntu ingqalelo simahla, kuba yobuhedeni Slavic akukho ungcwalisiwe unfreedom (ebukhobokeni, ubukhoboka) kunye nokungalingani eluntwini.

Vikings ne Novgorod

Kwase yombuso Old Russian yavela e Novgorod. Eyasekwayo Ilmen Slovenes. De kwinkulungwane IX, ibali yabo yaziwa kakhulu akukacaci nokubi. Kufuphi nabo baphila Vikings, nto leyo yeembali Western ebizwa Vikings.

YaseScandinavia ngamaxesha woyisa ookumkani Ilmen Slovenes kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule irhafu. abahlali Novgorod baye bafuna ukukhusela basemzini kwezinye abamelwane, yintoni igama yabaphathi zabo, ukuba ngukumkani kwakhe ekhaya. Ngoko ke ngasechwebeni Volkhov weza Rurik. ilandela lakhe Oleg woyisa Kiev ne wazibeka iziseko karhulumente Old Russian.