Izazinzulu ziye okokuqala bagqiba ukuba alungiselele genomes of Afrika yamandulo

Izazinzulu bagqiba yokuguzula genomes abantu ababehlala Afrika kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, njengoko oku kuya kukunceda ukuba asikhanyisele imvelaphi yethu.

Malunga ekuqaleni phando zaye isaziso kwiveki yokugqibela kwintlanganiso yonyaka ye-Society for Biology eziphilayo kunye Evolution. Abaphandi bahlola genomes 15 abantu bamandulo ababephila malunga 6000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwi-Afrika eseMpuma neseMazantsi.

Ubukho genetic Afrika yamandulo

Njengoko usazi, Afrika indawo apho abantu baqala ekusasazeni ehlabathini lonke 50,000 eyadlulayo. Njengoko kuboniswe yi kulindixesha Science, kulo mmandla, abantu kananjalo kakhulu zemfuza ezahlukileyo. Noko ke, ukufika apha kwiminyaka 2,000 eyadlulayo, abantu bokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Bantu, ezibe abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, balalisa le imizila yemfuza okuqala Afrika kule ngingqi.

Ukususela ngoko, izazinzulu ziye zakwazi sequence enye kuphela sofuzo ye-Afrika yamandulo - meleki umKushi, ogama ubudala yiminyaka 4500. Ngoku wasePonto Skoglund ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard eqokelele DNA ye-15 Afrika ababephila ukususela kwiminyaka 500 6000 eyadlulayo.

Ubunzima ukufunda DNA

Ulindixesha Nature ithi ukuba DNA yamandulo Afrika kunzima ukufunda ngenxa yokuba wahlala phantsi kwempembelelo imozulu embi kweli lizwe. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ibalekisa DNA inkqubo ukuthotywa. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi bakwazi ukufunda ngakumbi nge-Afrika elidlulileyo, ngenxa ekupheliseni longcoliseko kunye ukubhaqwa ncinane amathambo indlebe engaphakathi, apho DNA yamandulo igcinwe kakuhle.

Iziphumo umsebenzi izazinzulu

iziphumo zokuqala zophononongo zibonisa ukuba abantu bokuqala walihamba kwilizwekazi kakhulu ngaphezu izazinzulu ngaphambili ekwakucingwa ngaphesheya. Ngokomzekelo, kubonakala ukuba baseMzantsi Afrika secede ukusuka Western embalwa kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo.

Esi sifundo yesibini, olwenziwa yi Carina Schlebusch ukusuka Uppsala University eSweden, kananjalo ukufunda DNA ye-Afrika yamandulo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba genomes amafama mihla Afrika eziqulathwe DNA Bantu.

inzala jikelele

Ukongeza, ebutsheni bale veki kwakukho omnye isifundo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abantu kunye Bamandulo Phaya ukuba ngandlel 'ukusebenzisana ngaphezulu kwama-270 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ezi ziphumo akuchaza imboniselo entsha ephawulekayo indlela iintlobo zethu basebenzisane.

"Njengoko isifundo ngasinye esitsha, beqonda ukuba imbali yendaleko abantu mihla akudala kwaba nzima kakhulu kunokuba sasicinga kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo thina," - wathi co-Umbhali Fernando Rasim ye-Centre for the Study of genomes eNew York. Ezi ziphumo zangaphambili kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingcamango yokuba abaninzi abantu bamandulo wazala oonyana eqhelekileyo.