Old isixeko Russian: inkcazelo, iimpawu. Isixeko Russian samandulo: igama

Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo eRashiya wayedume kwiidolophana ezinabantu abaninzi, inqatyisiwe. Yena wayebhula ngokwaneleyo ukuba Vikings, owathi kamva waba naye ngokuqhelekileyo ukubizwa ngokuba amazwe Slavic "Gardariki" - imizi. Scandinavians wabetha ukuqinisa nokuxubana, njengoko bona ngokwabo uchithe phantse ubomi babo elwandle. ukuqonda Ngoku ke yintoni na isixeko samandulo Russian noko idume.

oonobangela

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo umntu - a ngokwasentlalweni. Kuba basinde kuyimfuneko Ulihlanganisele kumaqela. Ukuba phambi kokuba "iziko lobomi" enjalo isizwe, ngoko ke kwafuneka ukuba ukufumana endaweni oluphucukileyo ngokushiya amasiko singamaqaba.

Enyanisweni, ukuvela izixeko kubomi babantu ukuze ngokwendalo ukuba bekungenakuba ngenye indlela. Ukususela elalini okanye kuloo mzana zahlukile enye into ebalulekileyo - iinqaba esikhusela kwahlalwa. Ngamafutshane, iindonga. Ivela elithi "isixeko" (nokuqiniswa) kwaye baya igama elithi "isixeko".

Ukwenziwa izixeko zamandulo kubangelwa ikakhulu imfuneko yokuzithethelela nxamnye neentshaba kunye nokudala neziko yolawulo ukuba ukubusa. Ngapha koko, ukuba kaninzi ukuba 'igazi blue "of Russia. Kuba aba bantu, kubalulekile ukuba ingqiqo lokhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo. Athontelana apha zonke abarhwebi amagcisa, sijike yokuhlaliswa phakathi kwakhe umphefumlo rap ka Novgorod, Kiev, Lutsk.

Ukongeza, amatyotyombe ezitsha eziye zavela baba ezineevenkile kakhulu, apha akwazi Umhlambi abarhwebi evela ehlabathini lonke, efumana isithembiso phantsi ukhuseleko yeqela yasemkhosini. Ngenxa isixeko engakholelekiyo ngokubaluleka urhwebo eRashiya ngokufuthi sakhiwe phezu kweendonga zemilambo (ezifana iVolga okanye Dnieper), kuba ngelo xesha misele aba ndlela ikhuselekileyo kwaye fastest lokuzisa iimpahla. Elise kweenxweme zokuhlala lomlambo luphuphume kunanini na ngaphambili.

labantu

Okokuqala, isixeko ayikwazanga khona ngaphandle irula. Yaba mhlawumbi inkosana okanye isekela lakhe. Esi sakhiwo awayephila kulo, kwaba kwelikhaya ityebileyo wempangelo, saba embindini zokuhlala. Yena uqale ezahlukeneyo kwimiba yomthetho kunye nokuseka imigaqo.

Isigaba sesibini kwidolophu endala - Oku aziingangamsha - abantu abasondeleyo umthetheli, kwaye uyakwazi ukuphembelela ngqo ngelizwi labo. Bathabatha izikhundla ezahlukeneyo ingenalo novelwano yaye bahlala ematyotyombeni ezinjalo kubabetha bonke, ngaphandle ukuba abarhwebi, kodwa abo elide kwindawo enye ukuba ahlale. Ngelo xesha ubomi babo i uhambo olungenasiphelo.

Ngaphezu koko kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula kwamagcisa ezahlukeneyo yonke imisebenzi kunokwenzeka, ukusukela ngabapeyinti kwaye awugqibe ngensimbi. Njengomgaqo, izibonelelo zazo izindlu ngaphakathi esixekweni, yaye ucweyo - emva kweendonga ngaphandle.

Kwaye ke zamvanje leri emphakathini abalimi, abazange kuhlala zokuhlala, waya kuhlala kumhlaba elaphathwa. Xa isixeko samandulo Russian batyekele kuwa kuphela kwi urhwebo okanye nemiba yomthetho.

Cathedral

Centre of kwidolophu endala - ibandla. Isonto, ibekwe phambi yembutho engundoqo, yaba umlinganiswa ngokwenene. Isakhiwo kakhulu omkhulukazi kwaye zizityebi, izindlu itempile yaba liziko amandla ngokomoya.

Buninzi umzi, iicawa ezininzi wabonakala ngaphakathi kuyo. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo unelungelo lokuba ezuke ngakumbi engundoqo kunye itempile yokuqala, leyo obumntwisiweyo kulendawo yonke. Knyazhye icawa, kumarhamente icawa kunye nekhaya - bonke wabonakala ukuba olule kwiziko main ngokomoya.

A indima ekhethekileyo edlalwa yoonongendi, nto leyo maxa wambi waba ngokoqobo isixeko phakathi esixekweni. Kudla enqatyisiweyo yokuhlala konke konke ukuba ube nje yokuhlala ziimonki. Emva koko, itempile enkulu woonongendi sazaliseka kubomi yokomoya umzi.

Icawa ehonjisiweyo ngononophelo uphahla ihonjiswe wabonakala ngenxa yesizathu: ke kubonakala iikhilomitha eziliqela kude, kwaye aba "ukukhanya walathisa" ukuba abahambi imiphefumulo elahlekileyo. Temple ubungangamsha bakhe ukuba kukhunjuzwe abantu ukuba ubomi emhlabeni - nto, kwaye ingqalelo ubuhle kuphela uThixo oyinyaniso, nto leyo yaba ibandla.

esangweni

Gate, leyo enqatyisiweyo imizi ukuya kwiiyunithi ezine (iincam), zahlawula, Isimanga, umahluko omkhulu. Njengokuba esi sicatshulwa kuphela kwisixeko samandulo Russian zazimele ixabiso elikhulu lokomfuziselo: "ukuvula isango" zazenzelwe ukunika isixeko yotshaba.

Gates wazama kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuhombisa nokwenza neyona ilungileyo ubuncinane omnye umnyango omkhulu ngalo endandikhwele inkosana kunye nabantu wanobungangamsha. Bathi ngoko nangoko kulothuse undwendwe siqononondise ukuba nempumelelo nolonwabo bendawo. Isango wokugqiba olungileyo bayisindisile imali okanye igunya, ngokufuthi kulungiswa isixeko yabo yonke.

Kwakhona kubhekwe ukuba uhlobo endaweni engcwele ezikhusela kuphela imikhosi emhlabeni, kodwa ngcwele. Kwiindawo ngaphezu emasangweni ngokufuthi egcinwe imifanekiso ezininzi, tye ecaleni kubo indlwana encinane, injongo leyo ukukhusela ekungeneni Ukuthanda uThixo.

esidlangalaleni

A indawo encinane, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuphi nomlambo (malunga apho uninzi zokuhlala zazisekelwe) yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ebomini kwezoqoqosho. iidolophu Old Russian Russia Kwakunzima ukuphila ngaphandle urhwebo, apho inqununu yaba nabathengi.

Apha, kuloo ntengiso, baye babekwa kwaye wazikhulula iimpahla zazo apha aba intengiselwano engundoqo. Amaxesha amaninzi, kakade ngokuzenzekelayo, kwabonakala emarikeni. Akukho namnye apho kuthengiswa amahlwempu, nezityebi, wadala umzi endaweni elite a lot of impahla kumazwe angaphandle, zexabiso. Wayemela into yokomfuziselo kunye oyinyaniso "uphawu umgangatho" zokuhlala. Ukuba behlise kwakunokwenzeka ukuba baqonde indlela ityala esisityebi, kuba umthengisi akayi kuma bengasebenzi xa kungekho inzuzo.

zemizi

Le limenza kwabasemagunyeni xa zaye bhala umthetheli okanye irhuluneli. Yayiyindawo kuphela yokuhlala yomphathi, kodwa isakhiwo solawulo. Apha ukusombulula imiba eyahlukeneyo yomthetho nasemacaleni, oko kuya umkhosi phambi kokuya. Yaba yinxalenye ndawo anqatyisiweyo esixekweni, nto leyo iba kwintendelezo eKhuselweyo, apho ukuza babaleka bonke abemi xa kuthe isisongelo yasemkhosini.

Ehlabathini emagumbini umbusi kartel ngaphantsi sisityebi ekhaya. Amaninzi, aba ngomthi, ngokuchaseneyo indlu yesibhovubhovu kaThixo, ngaba ngubani yokuthenga i wamatye. imizi Old Russian baba zobugcisa Bulelani nelityebileyo iminquba wabanumzana, awayezama ukuhombisa indlu yakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ubonise nobutyebi.

abantu abaqhelekileyo kwakhona kuhlala ibali elinye-izindlu yeplanga eyahlukileyo okanye babekunye kwi enqabeni yomkhosi, nto leyo ngokufuthi wema kanye ekupheleni komzi.

ekuqiniseni

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, isixeko karhulumente yamandulo Russian zadalwa, kuqala, ukukhusela abantu. Ukuze wenze oku, siye zihlelwe tiyisa.

Ekuqaleni, iindonga zazenziwe ngamaplanga, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ngakumbi rhoqo wabonakala ukhuseleko ngamatye. Kucacile ukuba ezinjalo "iziyolo" wayenako abathetheli kuphela esisityebi. Ukuqinisa wenziwa phezulu enzima ezitsolo ezivuthayo, ebizwa ngeenyembe. Loo gama kwakuthetha kwidolophu ngolwimi Old Russian.

Ukongeza ezitsolo, udonga zodongwe wakhusela zokuhlala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkoliso zokuhlala wabonakala sele kwiindawo inzuzo. Kwisixeko esesihlanjeni, ukuba siphila ixesha elifutshane (ukuya kwi ungquzulwano yokuqala), kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba kaninzi zisekelwe iingongoma eziphakamileyo. Sinokuthi abazi nto malunga zokuhlala ezimbi ezinqatyisiweyo kuba kwangoko yanyamalala ubuso bomhlaba.

layout

Kuba zokuhlala mihla, umbhodamo kakhulu ziyabhidisa, le isampuli - sisixeko samandulo Russian. inqaba, apho ekhaya ukuze inkoliso yabantu ngokwenene ngobuchule nangokuchanekileyo wazibeka ngaphandle, njengoko bizela ngokwemvelo ngokwayo.

Enyanisweni, isixeko ngelo xesha kwakuba imilo ajikelezayo. Xa phakathi, njengoko kuthiwe, waphakama amaziko ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: okomoya kunye yehlabathi. Olu Cathedral engundoqo kunye kwilifa Iziphathamandla. Around kubo, izibhija ephotheneyo, waya ekhaya izinduna sisityebi. Ngenxa yoko, urhangqo, umzekelo, intaba, isixeko wehla ngokuhla de iindonga. Ngaphakathi, oko yahlulwe i "esitratweni" yaye "iziphelo", ezithi balucanda imisonto ezijikeleze wahamba ukusuka esangweni ukuya kwiziko engundoqo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kunye nophuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala koomasifundisane, ezibe ekuqaleni ngaphandle iimpawu eziphambili neendonga kumda, ukudala Ukuqinisa yesibini. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye ikhondo iinkulungwane sixeko sakhula ngale ndlela.

Kiev

Kakade ke, ikomkhulu mihla Ukraine - eyaziwa kakhulu kwisixeko samandulo Russian. Kuyenzeka ukufumana isiqinisekiso sazo zonke theses kuchazwe ngasentla. Ukongeza, kufuneka ithathwe njengoko ityala elikhulu ngokwenene ezinqatyisiweyo yokuqala kummandla nokuxubana.

Eyona umzi, engqongwe iinqaba, omi phezu kwentaba, kunye noomasifundisane Hem zabanjwa. Apho, kufutshane Dnieper, kwaba thethwano. Ekungeneni engundoqo eKiev, isango layo - isango eyaziwa kakuhle Golden, leyo, njengokuba kuthiwe, ukuba nje kuphela esebenzayo, kodwa ixabiso engcwele, ngakumbi ukuba ogama lakhe behlonipha emasangweni eConstantinople.

I Hagia uSophia yaba liziko yokomoya umzi. Oku amrholela ezinye iitempile kunye amabandla, leyo zihlanjiwe, nobuhle, nobukhulu.

Ngenxa lo eKiev nga zizakujongwa njengo umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo indlela isixeko wakhangela Russian endala.

Veliky Novgorod

imizi Old of Russia akunakwenzeka kuluhlu, ngaphandle kokuchaza Novgorod Omkhulu. Eli ziko ubulawuli Ezininzi kufeza injongo ebalulekileyo: ingaba isixeko "yaseYurophu" kakhulu. Oku apha ezazize oonozakuzaku kunye nabarhwebi evela World Endala, njengokuba Novgorod waba phakathi kweendlela zorhwebo eYurophu kunye lonke Russia.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngoku Siya kubulela Novgorod - kukuba obungako inani enkulu ezikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo zembali zakhiwo of Russia yamandulo. A ithuba elikhethekileyo ukubona nangoku, uthenga itikiti moya, apho kuba Novgorod yatshatyalaliswa kwaye zafakwa ngexesha Mongol idyokhwe, kodwa ukuba ahlawule irhafu eqolo.

eyaziwa kakhulu-ebizwa ngokuba "Novgorod yesicelo" okanye Novgorod yesicelo. Ezi iinqaba ziye elide okubambekayo inqaba isixeko esikhulu. Ukongezelela, singasathethi kwiNkundla Yaroslav kaThixo - ummandla enkulu Novgorod kwi elunxwemeni Volkhov, apho kwakukho eninzi zeengxoxo nezindlu iintlobo yabarhwebi kakuhle-off. Ukongeza, loo nto ixela ukuba apho waye ehlala kwenene, kodwa ukufumana kwi Velikiy Novgorod akuphumelelanga ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwimbali yeendawo zokuhlala Princess inkqubo yonke ezinjalo.

eMoscow

Imbali izixeko zamandulo, Kakade ke, ayinakuchazwa ngaphandle kobukho uluhlu omkhulu zokuhlala, njengoko eMoscow. Waye ithuba akhule kwaye abe kwiziko Russia mihla ngokusebenzisa indawo yayo ekhethekileyo: enyanisweni yonke enkulu kwindlela yorhwebo esemantla wegqitha kuye.

Kakade ke, nokutsala engundoqo yembali esi sixeko yesicelo. Oku naye ngoku kukho ubudlelwane lokuqala ngokukhankanywa ilizwi, kodwa ekuqaleni oko kwakuthetha "inqaba". Ekuqaleni, njengazo zonke izixeko, ukukhuselwa eMoscow kaThixo ngomthi yaye kamva sifana eziqhelekileyo.

I yesicelo nalo ibandla iphambili eMoscow - Cathedral ze kwingcinga, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo zigcinwe unanamhla. alabonakala lithe ngokoqobo Liquka sesakhiwo ngexesha layo.

ngenxa

Uninzi amagama imizi yamandulo na bayiphosa ilothe, kodwa zange yamsukela injongo ukudala uluhlu kubo. Ezintathu kwanele ukubonisa indlela endala aba bantu Russian ekubekeni zokuhlala. Kwaye musa kuthi ukuba umgangatho yokuba sikweni, hayi kwinkangeleko ukuba isixeko masikhokelwe liphile wendalo. Isicwangciso yaba kakhulu yaye, ukongeza, ukudala uphawu lwe embindini mmandla, ngayo enqatyisiweyo imizana. Ngubani na onjengawe ukwakhiwa Yimizi akusabalulekanga, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba malunga ngezakhiwo yethu iya kuthi efanayo.