"Kwi-market market" - uMthetho 39-FZ. Utshintsho kunye namazwana

Okwangoku, kukho isenzo esikhethekileyo sokulawula kwiimakethe zokugcina. Umthetho wenzelwe ukulawula ubudlelwane obusondeleyo malunga nomcimbi kunye nokusabalalisa kwezixhobo zemali. Olu xwebhu luchaza iimpawu zokwakha kunye nokusebenza kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaqeqeshiweyo kwimicimbi. Makhe sicinge ngamagqabaza kumthetho "Kwiimakethe zokhuseleko."

Imisebenzi yokurhweba

Umthetho "kwi- Market Market" (2015) ichaza abathathi-nxaxheba abasemgangathweni kunye nokuseka ubungakanani bemisebenzi yabo. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi wokuthengisa umthengiso kuyenzelwa egameni lomxhasi weentengiselwano zomntu kunye nezixhobo zemali okanye ukupheliswa kwezivumelwano ezisebenza njengeziphumo zabo. Lo msebenzi uqhutyelwa ngesiseko seenkontileka zendalo. Ngaloo ndlela, inxaxheba eqhuba loo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumthengisi. Ukuze abe ngongcali, kufuneka azi yonke into malunga neemakethe zokugcina. Umthetho uvumela umthengisi ukuba athenge ngeendleko zakhe ezingekho phantsi kwexesha, ezimiselwe ngesivumelwano, izixhobo zemali xa zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo.

Umzuzu obalulekileyo

Umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba enze imiyalelo yabathengi abanembeza ngomyalelo wokufumana kwabo, ukuhlalutya nokunikezela ngolwazi olusesikweni kwiimakethe zokugcina. Umthetho ubeka ingqwalaselo yokuthengiselana ngokulandelwa kootyalo-mali xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yomthengisi xa kudibanisa imisebenzi. Ukuba impikiswano yemfuno yomxhasi kunye nomthengisi, malunga nokuba ngowokuqala engazange yaziswe, yabangela ilahleko, umlamli kufuneka azihlawulele ngokwemiqathango echazwe yiNkcukacha yoLuntu.

Amalungelo kunye noXanduva

UMthetho we-Federal "kwi-Market Market" uvumela ukupheliswa kwemicimbi kunye nokugqitywa kweemvumelwano zomphathi osebenza njengommeli wezentengiselwano zamaqela ahlukeneyo angabashishini, kubandakanywa ukuba oku kusekelwe kumxholo wesivumelwano. Imbopheleleko evelele ngesiseko sekhontrakthi engasayinwe kwiyunivesithi ehleliweyo, elowo abathathi-nxaxheba abayi-broker, abayikuphela xa umbolekisi kunye nomboleki ehambelana nomntu oyedwa, ukuba zenziwa ngabantu abathintekayo okanye ngeendleko zabathengi abahlukeneyo ngenjongo yabanini-mali abahlukeneyo. UMthetho we-Federal "kwi-Market Market" awuvumeli isiphelo sesivumelwano esinjalo, ukuba senziwa ngenjongo yokuqhuba umyalelo ongenayo intengo yesivumelwano okanye inkqubo yokusekwa kwayo. Xa kwenzeka ukuphulwa kwezi mfuno, umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule umonakalo.

Ukuphendula ngezimali

Imali yomthengi edluliselwe kumthengisi ukuze kugqityiwe ukuthengiselana okufanelekileyo kunye nokugqitywa kwezivumelwano, kunye nomlamli owamkelweyo, kufuneka kube kwi-akhawunti kunye neziko lekhredithi. Ngelo xesha, unyanzelekile ukuba agcine irekhodi lemali yomthengi ngamnye kwaye abonelele ngeengxelo. Iimali ezikhethiweyo ze- akhawunti ze-brokerage azikwazi ukufaka izicelo ezingagqibekanga kwiimbopheleleko zentengiso yomthengisi. Kananjalo akanalo ilungelo lokubolekisa imali yakhe kuye, ngaphandle kweemeko apho kubuyiselwa imali okanye imali. Eli lungiselelo lutsha kuloxwebhu. Ezi zilungiso kuMthetho "kwi-Market Market" zenziwe ngumsebenzi wesigqibo No. 281.

Ephakamileyo

Umrhwebi osebenza njengomgcini-nxaxheba ekucoceni kufuneka, ngokulandelwa komthengi, avule i-akhawunti ekhethekileyo yemarike yokuthengisa okanye ukuthotyelwa kwezibophelelo ezihambelanayo. Umthengisi wezentengiselwano unokusebenzisa iimali ngokwabo, ukuba kunikezelwa kwisivumelwano somsebenzi. Kule meko, umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba aqinisekise umthengi ukuba ayenze imiyalelo yakhe ngexabiso lezibonelelo zemali okanye ukubuya kwabo. Imali yabathengi abaye banikezela umthengisi ilungelo lokuyisebenzisa kufuneka baxelwe kwii-akhawunti ze-brokerage ezahlukileyo kwi-akhawunti yabatyala-mali abasalayo.

Umsebenzi womthengisi

Iimpawu zalo zichazwe kwakhona kwisenzo esiqhelekileyo "Kwi-market market". Umthetho uchaza ukuba umthengisi usebenzisana nokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo zezimali ngokwabo iindleko kunye ngokwabo ngenxa yesibhengezo seendleko zomntu zokuthenga / ukuthengisa ngokunyanzela ukungena kwiikontraka ezifanelekileyo kwixabiso elinqunyiwe. Izenzo ezinjalo zingenziwa kuphela ngumbutho wezomthetho osebenza njengoshishino loshishino. Umthengisi unokuba yinkampani karhulumente, ukuba amathuba afanelekileyo achazwe kumthetho.

Imizuzu

Ukongeza kwindleko, umthengisi unelungelo lokuvakalisa ezinye iimpawu zokuthengisa. Ngokomzekelo, le nto inokuba yinani eliphezulu kunye nelona lincinci lezixhobo zemali ezijoliswe ekuthengeni / ukuthengiswa, ixesha apho ixabiso elimiselweyo liya kusebenza. Ukungabikho kwemigaqo kwisivakalisi kwezinye iimeko, umthengisi kufuneka enze isigqibo ngokuvumelana nesiphakamiso somthengi. Ukuba ummlamli uyaphumelela ekuphunyezweni kwalo mqathango, kungeniswa isenzo kuye ngokunyaniseka kokunyanzeliswa kwembopheleleko okanye ukuhlawulelwa kwelahleko.

Abadayisi beXesha

UMthetho kwiMarike yoThuseleko (2015) ubeka uluhlu lweenkontileka, isiphelo esiya kuqatshelwa yimisebenzi yale mibutho. Iquka izivumelwano:

1. Ziyimvelaphi yezemali zoluhlobo olususelwa kuyo, izibophelelo zamalungu axhomekeke kwizinga lokutshintshiselwa kwemali okanye iibhanari zemali kunye nemeko yokutyikitywa kokunika i-IP engekho phantsi kwithuba lokuthatha iimbopheleleko ezikhulu kunomlinganiselo owenziwe ngumhlali.
2. Isihloko esithile semali yangaphandle, imimiselo yayo iyafana. Kule meko, umbolekisi phantsi kombopheleleko kwesinye seenkontileka usebenza njengetyala ngaphantsi kwesinye isivumelwano esifanayo. Okufunekayo ukugqiba iinjontrakthi ezinjalo kunikezelwa ngumntu ngamnye (kungekhona umntu osomashishini) ukuthatha uxanduva olukhulu kunomlinganiselo wokhuselo olunikezwa ngumthengisi wangaphambili.

Ngokutsho koMthetho we-Federal "kwi-Market Market" le ntengiso ingeniswa kuphela ngokumalunga nemali enee-alphabetic kunye neenombolo zamanani. Ziyasungulwa liziko lesigqeba samandla, eliqhuba imisebenzi yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zikaRhulumente kwintsimi yokuqinisekisa ubumbano lwenkqubo yokulinganisa kunye nomthetho wobugcisa.

Ukulawulwa kwezixhobo zemali

Ukuphunyezwa kwalo msebenzi akufuneki ilayisenisi, ukuba kuhlobene kuphela nokuphunyezwa kwamalungelo ngumntu ophethe i-securities. Iquka ukulawulwa kwetrust yezinto eziphathekayo, imali ejoliswe ekusebenzeni ukuthengiselana okufanelekileyo okanye isiphelo sesivumelwano.

Iziqinisekiso

UMthetho we-Federal No. 39 "KwiMakethe yeMatheno" udinga inxaxheba kwimarike eyenza ukuphathwa kwetrust ukubonisa isimo sayo. Ukuba ukungqubuzana kwenzalo kuye kwabangela ukulahlekelwa ngumthengi, umntu onoxanduva unyanzelekile ukuba azihlawulele ngeendleko zakhe ngendlela ehlinzekwe kwi-Code Civil. UMthetho weRussia Federation "kwi-Market Market" ichaza uluhlu lwamagunya omphathi. Ngokukodwa, lowo uthathi-nxaxheba unelungelo lokuthenga izixhobo zemali aze angene kwiikontraka ezijoliswe kubathengi abafanelekileyo kuphela ukuba umthengi ngokwakhe.

Uxanduva lomphathi

Umthetho "kwi-Market Market" inikezela imiphumo emininzi kumthengi onoxanduva xa kwenzeka ukuphulwa kwemimiselo yezenzo eziqhelekileyo. Ziquka:

1. Isabelo somsebenzi kumphathi ngokucela kweBhanki Ephakathi okanye umxhasi ukuba aphumeze izixhobo zemali aze aphelise izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo.
2. Ukubuyiselwa kwelahleko kumtyalomali, kubangelwe ngexesha lokuthengiswa nokupheliswa kwezivumelwano.
3. Ukuhlawula inzala kwimali apho izivumelwano zagqitywa okanye ukugqithiselwa kwagqitywa. Isixa somdla sisungulwe yimithetho yobuGcisa. 395 CC. Ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo phakathi kwemali efunyenwe ekuthengiseni izixhobo zemali, ukupheliswa okanye ukusebenza kwezivumelwano, kunye nemali ehlawulwa ngokuphathelele ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni, isiphelo, ukupheliswa, ukusebenza kweenkontileka, umrhumo uyahlawulwa kwisixa esingakhange senziwe ngolu hlobo.

Ingxelo yesibango malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziphumo ezikhankanywe apha ngentla ingeniswa ngonyaka ongama-1 ukususela ngelixa umthengi efumana ingxelo ebonisa ukuphulwa komthetho.

Amalungelo kunye nezithintelo

Ngokuhambelana noMthetho we-Federal "Kwi-market market," umphathi kufuneka agcine ingxelo yezinto eziphathekayo zezimali ezisebenza njengezinto zokulawula kwisivumelwano ngasinye. Ngengqiqo yayo, lo nxaxheba uyanelisa onke amathuba omthetho afakwe kwizabelo. Inkontileka yokulawulwa kwetrust inokwenza umda wokunqanda ilungelo lokuvota. Ukuba ayifumanekanga, umntu ophetheyo unembopheleleko yokufumana iimpahla zezimali ezisebenza njengento yokuthengiselana ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba umphathi akanalo ilungelo lokuvota, uMthetho kwiMarike yeMatriki (39-FZ) ufuna ukuba anikezele ulwazi malunga nomsunguli. Oku kuyimfuneko yokwenza uluhlu lwamashishini anethuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso jikelele yabanini-zimali / abathathi-nxaxheba.

Ukongezelela, umphathi ngesicelo somsunguli kufuneka anike isibonakaliso sokuphunyezwa komsunguli welungelo lokuvota. Umntu onoxanduva unokufaka isicelo enkundleni nayiphi na ibango elivela kwimisebenzi yakhe, kubandakanywa nalabo abanini-zimali okanye abanye abanini bezixhobo zemali. Ngexesha elifanayo, iindleko ezihambelana nokuqwalaselwa kweengxabano zihlawulwa ngesikhungo solawulo lwethemba.

Imisebenzi ye-deposit

Njengoko uMthetho wawo weMigangatho "kwi-Market Market" ufumanisa ukubonelelwa kweenkonzo zokugcina izatifikethi okanye ukudluliselwa kunye nokuphendula kwamalungelo kwiimali zemali. I-depositary, eyenza iindawo zokuhlala ngokubhekiselele kwiintengiselwano ezigqitywe phantsi kwezivumelwano kunye nabaququzeleli beenkampani zokurhweba okanye zokucoca, zibizwa ngokuba yi-settlement. Umntu osebenzisa iinkonzo ezikhankanywe ngasentla ubizwa ngokuba yi-depositor. Isivumelwano sokugcina imali senziwa phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Umthetho we-RF "kwi-Market Market" ubeka inani leemfuno zesivumelwano. Okokuqala, kufuneka kwenziwe ngokubhaliweyo. I-depositary kufuneka yamkele iimeko apho iya kuqhuba imisebenzi yayo kwaye isebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yesivumelwano.

Imisebenzi enxulumene nokugcinwa kwerejista

Njengoko kuqatshelwa ukuqokelela, ukucubungula, ukurekhoda, ukugcinwa kunye nokubonelelwa kwiimeko ezichazwe ngumthetho malunga nabanikazi bezixhobo zemali. Lo msebenzi ugunyaziwe kuphela ngumbutho wezomthetho. Iqumrhu eliqhuba irejista libizwa ngokuba ngumnini walo. Baya kuba ngabafundi abathathi-nxaxheba kwiintengiso kwiimakethe zokugcina. Ngelo xesha, kufuneka abe nelayisenisi yokufeza imisebenzi efanelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezichazwe ngumthetho, omnye umntu ochaphazelekayo uthatha inxaxheba njengomnini. Umbhalisi akakwazi ukwenza intsebenziswano kunye nezixhobo zemali zomkhuphi, irejista yabanikazi abagcina kuyo. Isiseko solwazi ngabanini yinkqubo yokurekhoda ngabantu abaza kuvula iiakhawunti zabo. Yenziwe kwinqanaba elithile ngexesha. Irejista iqulethe iirekhodi zeemali ezibhalwe kule akhawunti, i-encumbrances kunye nolunye ulwazi, uludwe lwayo olusekwe kumthetho. Umnini oqhuba ishishini lakhe ngokuhambelana nemithetho yokulawula yeBhanki Ephakathi, imithetho evunyiwe nguye. Iimfuno zokugqibela zibekwe yiBhanki Ephakathi.

Ummiselo kaRhulumente

Ukusebenza kweemarike kulawulwa nguRhulumente. Umgaqo wenziwa:

1. Ukusekwa kwemimiselo emiselweyo yokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi ngabachaphazelekayo ootitshala kunye nemigangatho yayo.
2. Ukubhaliswa kwemibandela yokubambisa i- equity and prospectus, ukulawula ukuthotyelwa kwabaniki-zimali abaneembopheleleko kunye nezimo ezisungulwe kuzo.
3. Ukulayisenisa imisebenzi yabathathi-nxaxheba.
4. Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokukhusela iimfuno zabanini kunye nokulawulwa kokuthotyelwa kwabaxhasi babo kunye nezinye izinto.
5. Ukukhutshwa nokunciphisa imisebenzi yabantu abaqhutywe ngaphandle kwelayisenisi.

Ukuchaneka kweemvume

Ukulayiseniswa komsebenzi kwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Izifundo zingayifumana imvume yokugcina irejista okanye ukwenza imisebenzi njengomsebenzi ochaphazelekayo kwi-bidding. Iilayisenisi zikhutshwe ngesiseko sesicelo. Ukunika imvume yomfundi othatha inxaxheba ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yokuthengisa ngemali kwisicelo somenzi wesicelo uvumelekile kuphela ngesiseko seemvumelwano ezigqityiweyo ezisebenza njengezixhobo zemali ezivela, i-asethi eyona mveliso. Imfuno neemvume kunye neemeko ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimali-mboleko kunye nokuthengiselana okwenziwa ngexesha lomsebenzi.

Ukumiswa nokukhutshwa kweemvume

Ezi zenzo ziyinxalenye yegunya leBhanki Ephakathi. Oku kulandelayo kunokusebenza njengesizathu sokurhoxiswa kweelayisenisi:

1. Ukusetyenziswa komfundi ochaphazelekayo kwi-bidding ngokubhaliweyo.
2. Ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphinda ukuthobela imiyalelo yeBhanki Ephakathi kwonyaka.
3. Ukungabikho kweso sifundo esinelayisenisi kwidilesi echazwe kwiRejista yeZizwe eziManyeneyo zamaQumrhu eMthethweni.
4. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokwephulwa konyaka kwexesha lokunika ingxelo ngeentsuku ezili-15 (abasebenzi). Imihla yokulawula isungulwe ngumthetho wesigqeba kunye nezenzo eziqhelekileyo ezamkelwe ngokuhambelana nayo.
5. Ukuphulwa okuphindaphindiweyo phakathi komnyaka weemfuno zokubonelela ngezixhobo kunye nolwazi, uludwe lwayo olusekwe kumaphepha omthetho.
6. Ukupheliswa kolawulo lomsebenzi okwangoku ochaphazelekayo. Ngokukodwa, ngumbuzo wokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokupheliswa kwangaphambili okanye ukumiswa kwamagunya ebhunga elilawulayo (elilodwa) ngaphandle kokumisela entsha, okwethutyana okanye ukungabikho kwesifundo esenza imisebenzi yokuphatha ngaphezu kwenyanga enye ngaphandle kokuyibeka kwelinye iqumrhu elihlangabezana neemfuno ezisungulwe kwindawo yokulawula .
7. Ukuphinda kuphulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lonyaka ngumfundi ochaphazelekayo kumanyathelo omthetho malunga neenkqubo zokunyanzeliswa okanye iziqinisekiso.
8. Ezinye iimeko ezichazwe ngokusemthethweni.

Xa iBhanki Ephakathi yenza isigqibo sokususa imvume yokuqhuba imisebenzi yobugcisa, umbutho kufuneka uphephe uxanduva lwawo kwixesha elimiselwe yiBhanki Ephakathi. Kule meko, eli xesha alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu konyaka ongu-1. Izibophelelo ezivela phantsi kweemvumelwano zesohlwayo mazipheliswe ngokuzaliseka kweemeko ezichazwe ngokwezenzo zokulawula zeBhanki Ephakathi.