Le Ma of Lenin: umtefisa. Service Lenin yamangcwaba

Yamangcwaba kwakhiwa yembutho engundoqo ikomkhulu Russian kaThixo, ugcine kweendonga zayo Mama, basinda elide urhulumente esekwe ngabo wake igazi lakhe inyama. Nangona iingxoxo omkhulu imfuneko kungcwaba umzimba uLenin kaThixo, njengoko bomisa ayifani nayiphi na isithethe yangoku zamaKristu, okanye nkqu lamaqaba lakudala, nokubaluleka kwayo yembono lilahlekile, Yimbonakaliso yigadi kwezopolitiko usekho apho, apho ibekwe 1924.

Umahluko ezayanyaniswa nokulahlwa benkokeli

Materials epapashwe kule minyaka perestroika, ukuvumela ukuba ufake umfanekiso ngaloo mihla, xa ilizwe wayesithi ndlela-ntle kubo indoda unako umva indlela imbali yayo. Kuyacaca unreliability kwefom esemthethweni, esigxininisa ukuba isigqibo ukugcina umzimba uLenin kaThixo ndasiwa ngenxa izicelo ezininzi ukuya Central kwiKomiti amaqela abemi ngabanye. Nje akazange yayingekabikho. Ukongeza, malunga inkokeli izidumbu wenza njengoko abakhokeli karhulumente eyahlukileyo, elikhokelwa L. D. Trotskim, ngubani ke ngoko isithuba karhulumente ibalulekileyo yesibini, kwaye umhlolokazi Lenin - N. K. Krupskaya.

Umqalisi le iimbasa ezazibonisa ooFaro kunokuba laseburhulumenteni lwekhulu XX, waba I. V. Stalin, owayefuna ukwenza umdlali yakhe babesakuba ngabaqeshwa intraparty nzima ezinye icon le nkolo entsha, nendawo yakhe yokuphumla ijike ibe uhlobo Communist eMecca. Waphumelela ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yamangcwaba eMoscow eminyaka iye yaba yindawo lokuphambukela kwizigidi zabemi.

umngcwabo ungemi

Nangona kunjalo, ebusika ka-1924 ikamva "nguyise wezizwe" ukufezekisa imvume mhlolokazi inkokeli ungasekhoyo kwafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho sithetha ulondolozo ixesha elide iintsalela thina. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwakufuneka kuphela ukugcina umzimba uLenin ukususela ngenkohlakalo kwixesha kuyimfuneko ukuba khe ndiye kubulisa abo bonke ukubenza. Kungathatha iinyanga eziliqela, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwakha ingcwaba ngomthi yexeshana.

Komngcwabo, hayi kanye mandithi, iqumrhu Ndibeka yamangcwaba yethutyana senziwa nge-27 Januwari, bemka ngokungxama omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba kuyimfuneko ukugqiba yonke into ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ngaphakathi utshaba engundoqo eCaucasus bomisa - Lva Trotskogo. Xa athe wavela e Moscow, yaba accompli bakwazi.

I ingxaki ezifunekayo izisombululo ezikhawulezileyo

inxaxheba kwiqela oososayensi kusebenza indlela yabo yokusebenza, eyenziwe nguNjingalwazi Abrikosov yabaqholiweyo umzimba. Ngelo isanda, baye elawulwa nge umxube aorta yayiquka iilitha ezintandathu utywala, glycerol kunye formaldehyde. Yanceda ixesha ukufihla imiqondiso yangaphandle yokubola. Kodwa kungekudala umzimba uLenin yayizele kunye neentanda. Power, othe ubume bazo wayefanele ukuba ibe elingenakonakala, yaphela phambi kwabo bonke. Kufuneka athathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

Lidla phulo ephawulekayo wabonisa ngeli xesha enkulu iqela igosa Krasin. Senzeka kuye ngumkhenkce umzimba inkokheli enjalo, njengoko kwenzekayo ngezidumbu mammoths, ngokugcina esekhona. Isindululo samkelwa, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo singàphunyezwa kuphela asilotyala inkampani yaseJamani, ukunikezelwa ukuzitya wayalela izixhobo yakhe lomkhenkce.

Ukudalwa iqela yenzululwazi Zbarsky

Ekusombululeni ingxaki yaba phantsi kolawulo lobuqu F. E. Dzerzhinskogo,-odolo uStalin wakhokelela ikhomishini yomngcwabo. Kwakunzima Kucacile ukuba xa ukungaphumeleli, izazinzulu yakuhlawula kunye ubomi bakhe. imeko yabo nzima into yokuba ubuchule wezinto laloo nto kulo mzekelo zange ilingane, kwaye akukho namnye ndlela kuzichaza afaneleka. Kwakufuneka bathembele kuphela ingcamango yakhe yokudala.

Nangona zonke iingozi, inkokeli yeqela uNjingalwazi Boris Zbarskiy waqinisekisa urhulumente, enkosi kuphuhliso umhlobo wakhe - intloko yeSebe of Medicine of the IKharkiv Institute Professor Vorobiev, yena nabalingane bakhe uya kuba nako ukuyeka inkqubo ukubola. Ekubeni umzimba uLenin yaba ngelo xesha belimele, yaye kwakungekho ukuzikhethela, Stalin wavuma. umsebenzi Le uxanduva, ukusuka kwindawo yembono lwembono, wacela Zbarskiy iqela kunye nabasebenzi bayo, eseyifakiwe kwaye unjingalwazi eKharkov Vorobyov.

kamva ke bona ibe umncedisi ukuba umfundi oselula zonyango, unyana ka-Borisa Zbarskogo - kulya. Ngu ekuqaleni perestroika yena vosmidesyativosmiletny Academician, wahlala i nxaxheba kuphela abahlala iziganeko, kwaye sibulela kuye namhlanje sazi iinkcukacha ezininzi kule nkqubo, nto leyo ekhokelele Mama ka Lenin eminyaka iye yaba into yokunqula zezigidi zabantu, anxile, ziingcamango nephupha.

Qala inkqubo bomisa

Ingakumbi kuba umsebenzi kokuba mayixhotyiswe ongaphantsi ibekwe phantsi yamangcwaba okwethutyana. Ngemithi yaqala nezokukhupha emiphungeni, wesibindi udakada. Ke amagqirha ndakuhlambulula esifubeni womfi. Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba isicelo umzimba yonke emanxebani ezifunekayo namafutha lingena singene kwithishyu. Kwacaca ukuba lo msebenzi ufuna enesisombululo esikhethekileyo ye-Central Committee zeqela.

Emva kokufumana kunye nokuthathwa zonke iinkqubo eziyimfuneko uLenin Mama ndafakwa isisombululo ekhethekileyo iqulathe glycerol, amanzi kunye potassium acetate kongezwe chlorine umkhwinini. ifomula yayo, nakuba ingqalelo ngexesha yimfihlo, lavulwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX Russian Scientist-Razvedenkovym Melnikov. Zithako yasetyenziswa nawo asike yokwakheka.

I ilebhu entsha

yamangcwaba lenyengane eMoscow yakhiwa ngo-1929. Yena indawo owayesakuba somthi, wakha kwiminyaka emine ngaphambili. Xa ekwakhiweni kwayo kuthathelwa ingqalelo kunye nemfuneko yokuba izibonelelo ezizodwa elebhu, ngoku wasebenza Boris Zbarskiy kunye noogxa. Ekubeni ke imisebenzi yazo kubaluleke ngokukodwa ngokuphathelele uhlobo yezopolitiko, kuba izazinzulu yasekwa ulawulo olungqongqo, ikhutshwa phandle arhente ezingcwele NKVD. imo yamangcwaba icwangcisiwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke kubuchwepheshe kuyimfuneko. ngoko ke baba kuphela kwinqanaba sophuhliso.

uphando lwezenzululwazi

Ukulondolozwa komzimba Lenin kaThixo wafuna uphando oluqhubekayo, njengoko nobugcisa umkhwa kwabo zenzululwazi minyaka-kusekwa ubengekho. Ukuze ukubeka indlela yomzimba inyama kwabo okanye ezinye izisombululo imifuniselo ezininzi zaqhutywa babangenagama abafileyo ezisiwe elebhu.

Umphumo waba sisincoko, apho izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngeveki, wazigquma ubuso nezandla zakhe mama. Kodwa umtefisa Lenin ayikho kangako. Nyaka ngamnye, kwafuneka ukuba sivale yamangcwaba kwiinyanga ezinesiqingatha ukuya ebhaptiza umzimba sokuhlambela, ngokucokisekileyo hlala kulo arhente ezikhethekileyo laloo nto elo. Ngaloo ndlela, kungenzeka ukuba ukugcina inkohliso of the nokungonakali benkokeli yesigaba ehlabathini.

Ukulungiswa kwe ukuvela emva kwexesha

Ukuba Ma ka Lenin emehlweni iindwendwe wanele bukwavelise itekisi, kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu, iziphumo awalibethayo lonke ixesha lokuqala ungena embindini yamangcwaba kwaye akwazi ukunceda ngokuthelekisa oko akubona kunye umfanekiso phambili imifanekiso yakhe yokugqibela yobomi.

Kanye ngaphambi kokuba afe iikulya Borisovich Zbarsky wathi ubuso ukuzibulala mncane uLenin kaThixo kufihlwa kunye fillers ezizodwa zifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba, yaye "ukuphila" umbala wamnika okucoca ebomvu zixhonywe umthombo ukukhanya. Ngaphezu koko, ngo komzila ifakiwe amaso iglasi, zalisa mummies zabo ize iqhotyoshelwe ufana ukumila yinkokeli. Imilebe phantsi Mthovu wakhe athungwe, kwaye yonke Lenin kwi yamangcwaba, ifoto apho linikwa kwi nqaku wakhangela njengomntu yokulala.

Ngobungxamo kwindawo ekubhalelwa kuyo Tyumen

Ithuba okhethekileyo umsebenzi yomzimba ukugcinwa Lenin yabe iminyaka imfazwe. Xa amaJamani eza eMoscow, Stalin wayalela ngobungxamo inkokheli lihlala Tyumen. Ngeli xesha, iqela elincinane izazinzulu inxaxheba ulondolozo mummies, walahlekelwa noqhekeko - ngo-1939 phantsi kweemeko angaqondakali kakhulu wafa uprofesa Vorobyov. Ngenxa yoko, eSiberia ahambe kwibhokisi umzimba inkokeli kwafuneka Zbarsky - uyise nonyana.

Iikulya Borisovich wakhumbula ukuba iingxaki ezibangelwa ixesha lemfazwe, rhoqo nzima umsebenzi zonke ukubaluleka uthumo wayinikela kubo. E Tyumen, kwaba nzima ukufumana wezenzi eziyimfuneko nje kuphela, kodwa ukuba amanzi eziqhelekileyo Yek kwafuneka ukuthumela moya ngokukhethekileyo eOmsk. Ekubeni ubunyani Lenin yakhe yomzimba bahlalise eSiberia lahlelwa ngqo, yilebhu laya babekwa kwisikolo basekuhlaleni inxaxheba kumalungiselelo zabasebenzi kwezolimo. Kukho a Mama, waza wahlala de ekupheleni kwemfazwe, kwecala alindwe ngamajoni amane, ikhokelwa ngu-ngqwayi Umakhi.

Imiba enxulumene ingqondo Lenin

Xa wayethetha Ma basindiswe kangangamashumi eminyaka nenkokeli imiba ezizodwa indawo enxulumene nobuchopho uLenin kaThixo. Abantu besizukulwana nangaphezulu izakukhumbula ngokuqinisekileyo ababehamba ngexesha kwebali ubunjalo bayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho sizathu ngokwenene ukungabi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngo-1928 inkokeli kwengqondo godu kumbiwa ukhakhayi wohlukana izabelo agcinwe esefini Institute USSR ingqondo, isale ngomaleko wax ngaphambili kwaye ibekwe isisombululo utywala kunye formaldehyde.

Ukwamkelwa ivaliwe, kodwa urhulumente wenza umnyinyiva ukuba nzulu esidumileyo waseJamani Apocrypha Vogt. umsebenzi wayo wawuza ukuseka iimpawu lwesakhiwo ingqondo Lenin, nto leyo wakhonza njengemfuneko ephambili ingcamango yakhe awuzali. Le Isazinzulu yasebenza kwiZiko Institute Moscow iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye ngelo xesha yaba izifundo enkulu-scale. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mahluko noshowo wakufumanisayo yobuchopho abantu abaqhelekileyo.

Ngaba gyrus ngentsomi?

Kukholelwa ukuba isizathu sokuba kukuvela amabali ezilandelayo yaba mazwi ukuqola nguye kwinkomfa, ukuba wafumana eWild engaphezu kumlinganiselo eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, enye ingcali yenzululwazi waseJamani - intloko isebe yeenkqubo zengqondo e Berlin University Professor Jordi Servos Navarro wafumana ithuba lokuba bafunde iisampulu nobuchopho uLenin ngo-1974 - yathi udliwano-ndlebe nomlingane wakhe, ukuba waza wenza ingxelo yakhe ivuso, oko kuphela luncedo kwabo iiBolsheviks, ukuba leyo ayemzonda novelwano.

Nangona kunjalo, lo sisazinzulu elifanayo yokususa elinye ibali ezixhaphakileyo uLenin kuthiwa ubunzima negcushuwa ukuba ayifihlakele ngenyameko ngamaKomanisi. Emva kokuchitha ukufunda kakhulu ngenyameko, waya kwisigqibo sokuba amatyala yale ngoluvo, Uqaphele ukuba izicwili ingqondo distinguishable kuphela ibala elincinane, ezivele ngenxa yamanxeba efunyenwe ngexesha ilinge lokubulawa ezenziwa nguLenin ngo 1918 eserkoy Fanny Kaplan.

Kokubulawa lo mama

Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba Mama uLenin kaThixo ngokwayo emva koko ebesoloko ekujoliswe bahlaselwe. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1934 ummi Mitrofan Nikitin weza yamangcwaba, wenza umzimba inkokeli xa wadubula evela ivolovolo, waza ke wazibulala. Amaxesha aliqela nayo iye izame onokususa sarcophagus iglasi, emva koko kwafuneka ukuba benze izinto ixesha elide kakhulu.

Ukungafi kuluhlu namaxabiso

Nokufika perestroika, xa saa aura wobungcwele ngeenxa indoda eyaba kubungqondi engendawo sexesha, lo yamangcwaba eemfihlelo ezinxulumene ngobugcisa isidumbu, intsimbi yorhwebo ofihlakeleyo inkampani "Sithethe", wadala zizazinzulu asebenza umzimba uLenin kaThixo. Le nkampani wayenza laloo nto nokubuyiselwa imbonakalo izidumbu engenakulungiswa. uluhlu ixabiso laba phezulu kakhulu (12 amawaka. Euro zeveki yomsebenzi) ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise iinkonzo zayo ubukhulu becala izalamane nabahlobo baphathi babulawa ukungqubana wamagazi.

Ngowe-1995, inani labathengi liye engandiswanga urhulumente North Korean, kokuhlawula kowethu ngaphezu kwesigidi yabaqholiweyo izidumbu inkokeli yabo umfi Kim Il Sung. Iphekwe kwakhona ukuba unqulo yanaphakade kwentloko Communist Party yomzimba Bulgaria Georgiya Dimitrova namanye nemibono Choibalsan - entlokweni yali Mongolia. Umzimba ngamnye kubo ekhaya iye yaba yinto yokunqula, ezifana nguLenin kwi yamangcwaba, ifoto nto leyo uhlobo yokwazisa.

Vula Red Square

Ezi ntsuku musani ukuyeka iingxoxo phezu yokungcwaba mummies idumileyo ehlabathini. neendleko zokulungisa yoNyaka ka Lenin Umakhi ayezizigidi ngezigidi zeerandi yaye luxanduva kakhulu-mali. Ukunqulwa yinkokeli sabasebenzi, xa kufikelela kugqithiso enkulu, ngoku ixhaswe kuphela iqela elincinane abakhenkethi nostalgic ukuba elidlulileyo wamaKomanisi. Iimfihlelo yamangcwaba, ukuze azithwale agcinwe phantse ezisibhozo eminyaka, baye ezifumanekayo nabani na onomdla kulo mba kwimbali yethu. Imbali iye ibekwe yonke endaweni yayo.

Noko ke, phezu kwayo yonke, kwi-Red Square efolisiweyo. mode yamangcwaba yokusebenza kwezi ntsuku zimbalwa, ukwamkelwa iindwendwe ikhutshwa phandle kuphela ngooLwezibini, ngooLwezithathu, ngooLwezine, ngeMigqibelo nangeeCawa ukususela 10:00 ukuya 13:00. uya kuba yintoni na isiphelo of a Mama, uya kukuxelela ixesha kuphela.