Le jurors - ngubani na le nto? Inkqubo ukhetho nesigunyaziso

Juror ingaba ngokupheleleyo umntu, leyo aya kuyinyula isihloko inkqubo ekhethekileyo yekhompyutha. Esi siganeko wenziwa kanye kwiminyaka emine. Kwimeko xa ummi wakhetha labagwebi, kodwa yena ngenxa yeemeko ebomini inxaxheba kwetyala, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ingxelo kuyo. Ungavumi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yomntu kungekho sizathu olungileyo, imane ilungelo.

definition

Jurors - oyakuguqula inxaxheba ezindlebeni abagwebi nesabasilaleleyo isigqibo ityala okanye zimsulwa lommangalelwa nokunika isinqumo yayo.

Abantu abaninzi abahlala kurhulumente, Sikholose zabo ukugweba ngobulungisa, kunye kungekhona abagwebi zobungcali, kuba akwazi kuba nangayiphi na indlela abanomdla isiphumo kunjalo, lo gama abagwebi bangabantu random kwaye nangengqwalasela nokuvavanya yonke umfanekiso woko kwenzeka ulwaphulo-mthetho. Oku yonke ingongoma nakwimibutho yasekuhlaleni.

Iqela labagwebi kangako othambekele urhwaphilizo kwaye yenza abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba alawule okusesikweni, kodwa ke kuphela ukuba ngaba kufanelekile ukuba le ndima zonke iimfuno zomthetho.

Jurors - ke, ngaphezu kwako konke, abemi abaninzi abaqhelekileyo, nabaqeshwe indima abagwebi ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ukuthanda isiphelo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba baveze izimvo zabo kuphela ezona kwaye eneneni zibonisa ukuba inkundla kunye nxaxheba yabo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiindidi ezithile iimeko, kodwa bonke abantu ubugebengu obubi.

Amalungu yijaji

Kulo mzekelo, ingqalelo amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa yi ngelithi nomgwebi yobungcali, ngubani kufuneka avumelane nasiphi na isigqibo kubavavanyi. Kulo mzekelo, igosa elongameleyo liya kuqwalasela zonke bokuqonda kwimeko ukusuka kwindawo ngokusemthethweni imbono nokwahlula yonke inyathelo lolwaphulo-mthetho ngokupheleleyo, yaye kuphela ngelithi enze isigwebo, abonisa iimpendulo zemibuzo abulawe kubo.

Kwinkqubo yolwaphulo ibandakanya:

• UMgwebi, singoochwepheshe;
• Umdlali;
• umtshutshisi karhulumente;
• abavavanyi (babeke ngabagwebi imali abantu abali-12).

Le iiforimani, ngubani na oya ukunxibelelana nomgwebi ochopheleyo, ngelithi okhethiweyo ukusuka kuluhlu wayo. Kwakhona wavakalisa isigwebo wadlula zonke abavavanyi ngamxhelo mnye.

ulawulo lomthetho

Yonke imisebenzi ngelithi ekhuselwe nguMgaqo-Federal Law of 20.08.2004, № 113-FZ, ekuthiwa "On Jurors iinkundla yase wolawulo ngokubanzi kwi Russian Federation". Kananjalo ke ikhowudi ye inkqubo-mthetho, nto leyo kubhaliswe zonke inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga nokuziphatha olufanelekileyo abavavanyi kunjalo, amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yabo, ukuze yentsebenziswano phakathi usihlalo kunye ngelithi kwi kwetyala.

Iimfuno abaviwa

Ukukhetha abantu abaya ubulungisa ngabagwebi, kwenzeka isampuli ejikelezayo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yekhompyutha; kwandule ke igunya elongamileyo esilawulayo bakha uluhlu. Le nkqubo yenziwa kanye qho emva kweminyaka emine. Izintlu kuphela ezimbini - le yinto eqhelekileyo kunye nanceba.

Jurors kufuneka ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• ube ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-25 ubudala;
• Awunayo kwirekhodi mthetho, ukuba sirhoxiswe okanye lisonjululwe, ngoko ke umntu unelungelo lokuba abe yijaji;
• Makabe ngongabhalisanga kuyo psihitiatra kunye wezifo zengqondo;
• ube ngummi urhulumente wazi ulwimi Russian;
• bakhubazeke ngokomzimba;
• phantsi kophando, ngamanye amazwi, akanayo ubume umrhanelwa okanye otyholwayo ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Kwimeko apho umntu kufanelekile zonke iimpawu zibonisa, indima abagwebi non-zobungcali, ngoko ke kufuneka uvume labagwebi.

Amatyala okuthatha inxaxheba

Jurors ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo phambi kweNkundla Yokuqala Umzekelo kuphela xa siveza nenkanuko yalo nayo ngokwayo, apho otyholwa ngokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu okanye kakhulu ngakumbi.

Ezinkulu bayavuma kuphela ezo zolwaphulo yabo isohlwayo ifikelela hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 iminyaka amakheswa eluntwini. ezinkulu kakhulu - yeyona izenzo wohlwaywe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 entolongweni.

Ukuba ummangalelwa akazange acele ingqalelo kwimeko ngu labagwebi, kule meko nkqubo wenziwe nokulondoloza ngumgwebi yobungcali kwi ngokusekelwe Inqaku 30 le-Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo.

ukwala elizimisele

Ngummi, owandinyulayo ngelithi akanako nje sithathe bese ukwala ukuthatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo, ngokuba umsebenzi enkundleni njengoko kwabavavanyi - na xanduva lwalo ngqo kunye esemthethweni. Ngenxa jurors - a randomly ekhethiweyo abagwebi non-zobungcali abo ekondleni nangengqwalasela wenze isigqibo esichaphazela ngqo ikamva lomntu ukuzithethelela ngecala lakhe. Kodwa maxa wambi kukho iimeko ukuba umntu nje kuba kule indima ngenxa yeemeko ezithile ebomini, yaye kule meko umntu kwezibheno esibhaliweyo igunya elongamileyo esilawulayo kummandla apho ahlala khona. Xa ingxelo ukuba abhale izizathu zokwala, ngokubhekisele udidi komthetho, ecacisa ukuba umntu kwisiseko enjalo kuba ngabagwebi.

Izizathu apho unako ukubhala loo mazwi, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• yokuguga ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25;
• lezomthetho;
• solwaphulo-mthetho;
• ukukhubazeka, eyasekwa yi ligunya lenkundla;
• nempilo enkenenkene, kuqinisekiswa yi isixhobo lwezonyango;
• ukufumana abhaliswe kugqirha okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo;
• abayimilwelwe emzimbeni lobubi;
• kweminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu;
• ukuba umntu umfundisi okanye umkhosi; ebambe isikhundla yoluntu; yijaji, amagqwetha, abatshutshisi, amapolisa kunye nesihloko okhethekileyo, inxaxheba kumsebenzi zokucupha.

Esi sicelo ithathwa igunya liphezulu isigqeba khosi yeentsuku ezi-5, emva koko isigqibo ezinokuchaswa ngesibheno enkundleni.

Kwimeko apho isicelo of a ummi yamkelwe kwaye iyaxhaswa yi-izibakala ukuba ayikwazi kuba ngumgwebi wobugcisa, uluhlu jurors kufuneka itshintshwe kwaye umntu ngaphandle kulo.

Ukusebenza enkundleni

Ukuba umntu nangoku wakhetha ngelithi yaye ukuqinisekisile oku sikhundla, nguye ngawo onke amaxesha kwecala uya kungabi umsebenzi basic, xa ufumana umvuzo ngomsebenzi wakhe imali 1/2 ubukhulu yomvuzo ngabagwebi ngenxa inani leentsuku leyo ezihambe nguye enkundleni. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuba ngummi, lo ngumvavanyi ekhethiweyo, kusindiswa umsebenzi wakhe, waza yena uhlawula zonke iindleko zohambo lokuya kwindawo inkqubo, kunye vice versa. Ngelo xesha, umqeshi akavumelekanga ukuba uchithe umntu onjalo okanye ukutshintshela kwenye indawo.

Tsalela ummi ukusebenza njenge ngumgwebi engumshumayeli lwenziwa kanye ngonyaka iintsuku ezili-10, ukuba iimviwo kwakungenjalo ngelithi kuqhubeka ixesha elide, ngoko ke ixesha lonke kulawulo lobulungisa phambi kokuwiswa kwesigwebo.

sinqumo

Emva kokuba abagwebi ndikuvile konke emacaleni inkqubo, kufuneka ukuya egumbini yenkomfa, apho enze isigqibo sakhe phezu ityala. Njengoko umthetho, phambi ngelithi uyalinandipha imibuzo embalwa kwaye kufuneka ukuba banike iimpendulo ecacileyo kubo.

Okusisiphumo se-ngelithi - oku sigqibo ngabom kwaye ngazwi ukuba egqiba bayahlelwa umtyholwa. Kufuneka ukhankanye: unetyala okanye hayi, uze uphendule iqela neminye imibuzo, ukuba aye ingakhankanywanga usihlalo.

Kwimeko yokuba abagwebi isigqibo ukuzithethelela umtyholwa, nakumgwebi oya kukhupha isigwebo ungenatyala , ukuba uyavumelana naye. Ukuba sinqumo unetyala, ngoko ke elingenza naye enaningamkelanga zona, ngaloo ndlela bevakalisa isigqibo sayo kwaye ikhulule labagwebi.

Ukubunjwa kwabagwebi

Formation of ngelithi kwenzeka kwiseshoni kwinkundla elivaliweyo. Kulo mzekelo, bonke abantu abonyuliweyo yi isampulu random ekuphunyezweni kwalo indima lale ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile abakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo. Kwakhona kule ntlanganiso ababandakanyekayo umqondisi-mthetho, umtshutshisi woluntu, ngamnye kubo unelungelo lokubuza imibuzo kweli qela labagwebi. Emva koko, inkundla ingacela ngelithi ukuvakalisa inkcaso zizizathu.

Kubo bonke abemi aseleyo ikhethiwe, abantu bokuqala kuphela 14 kuluhlu. Kulo mzekelo, 12 of them - webhodi jurors, kwaye abaseleyo abantu 2 iya kuba nanceba. Emva kokuba uluhlu olupheleleyo abagwebi abangaqeqeshwanga ukufunda kuloo ntlanganiso, oko kuya kubhalwa nguNobhala kwingxelo ye zetyala enkundleni.

amalungelo

Zonke jurors amalungelo ngokuphathelele kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, nto ezo zikokosiweyo kumGaqo kwiSiqendu 333 lomGaqo weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Noko ke, abanako zibenze nayiphi na inxaxheba kule nkqubo.

Judges banelungelo:

• ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu phando zonke iimeko ityala;
• ngokuthi elongameleyo ukubuza imibuzo bonke abemi, abaya imibuzo enkundleni;
• lokuhlola ubungqina kunye namaxwebhu;
• ukurekhoda zonke izibakala zabo, kusebenziso lasemva ukulungiselela iimpendulo zale mibuzo;
• ukuveza isicelo wenkundla ukucaciselwa iingqiqo zomthetho ukubhidisa kwaye nezixhobo eziye kuqwalaselwa kwinkqubo.

Jurors abavumelekanga ukuba baphume kwigumbi ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala, ukuba uxoxe nothile ngabantu abangagunyaziswanga, kwakunye ukufumana phandle zonke iimeko zolwaphulo ngaphandle nkqubo.

Kwimeko ye waphula umthetho imithetho esekwe walala abagwebi, kufuneka zikhutshwe kuluhlu kunye kufakwe ezinye jurors.

kileyo

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla yaye kwiidolophu ezincinane inxaxheba jurors enkundleni xa kuqwalaselwa iimeko ezithile inqabile kakhulu, kodwa nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinjalo maxa wambi nazo xa befundisa.

Omnye umzekelo we ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho uyaqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo oko.

Citizen otyholwa unya olwenziwa unya ezikhethekileyo nxamnye abantu ababini phantsi kwiSiqendu 105 lomGaqo-Code of Organised. Yena lijongene isigwebo phezulu ebomini bodwa evela kuluntu. Netyala isenzo akazange bendingamazi, kwaye waqononondisa ukuba Bubusuku buddies lokubulala nje walala phantsi kwempembelelo ipilisi zokulala kwaye akabi sayikhumbula nto. Kulo mzekelo, i yokugqibela lowu ngexesha uphando efuna yijaji ucinga ityala. isicelo sakhe kwenziwa.

ejaji iNkundla wafunyanwa enetyala ngummi nezenzo. Ngenxa kukuthathwa kweemviwo kutyhilwa phambi ngegazi lakhe iipilisi belele, ezithe zamkelwa ngummangalelwa phambi lokubulala baza basebenza iiyure ezilishumi elinesibini. Kungenxa yoko le nto tyala wathumela wokunilinga entsha, kwaye ummi ngesi enkundleni.

Practice ibonisa ukuba ngelithi - ngabantu abangamaziyo kumgangatho yobungcali yonke imimiselo yomthetho, kodwa ubulungisa kwezinye iimeko ngaphezu ngumgwebi abanobuchule kude. Kwaye ke uluntu lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkqubo zenkohlakalo kakhulu okanye kakhulu kakhulu lwenziwa kuphela inxaxheba, kwaye ngokwabo ngokufuthi umtyholwa abalicelileyo kuyo.