Iimpawu eekhemikhali iintsimbi obrak umhlaba. Sebenzisa zesinyithi obrak zomhlaba. iimpawu Physical le obrak umhlaba metal

Cinga iimpawu eekhemikhali iintsimbi obrak umhlaba. Chaza iimpawu yesakhiwo, ukufumana, ukuba uhlobo, isicelo.

Imeko kwi SS

Ukuchaza indawo ekuqaleni ezi zinto kwi ngamaxesha etafileni Mendeleev. Bona ise iqela wesibini subgroups eziphambili. Ezi ziquka calcium, kwiteksti, Radium, barium, nemagnesium, beryllium. Bonke bephela kwinqanaba lamandla engaphandle iqulethe electron ezimbini Valence. Ngokubanzi, beryllium, magnesium ialakalin nomhlaba insimbi kukhona ngaphandle electron ns2. Imichiza njengoko ebonisa igcwala karhulumente-phinde ngo 2. Ngexesha intsebenziswano kunye nezinye izinto, ukuba umboniso ukunciphisa kwiipropati, enika electron ukusuka kwinqanaba energy lwangaphandle.

Ukutshintsha izakhiwo

Ngenxa yokwanda core beryllium atom, nemagnesium kunye nesinyithi obrak nomhlaba ukuphucula iimpawu zazo ebuntsimbi, ekubeni kukho ukwanda kwirediyasi athom zabo. Cinga iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-iintsimbi ialakalin-emhlabeni. Beryllium na karhulumente yesiqhelo sisinyithi ngensimbi ayenechaphothi hina. It has a crystal ezinamacala ashinyeneyo ngekroba. Xa wadibana ioksijini, beryllium nangoko uzakhela umboniso oxide, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa reactivity yayo, kwasekwa Mat ngeso lenyama.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Magnesium njenge into elula white metal kusekwe ukutyabeka oxide umoya. It has a ezinamacala akhazimlayo ngekroba.

iimpawu Physical zonke iintsimbi ialakalin umhlaba calcium, barium, kwiteksti efanayo. Bamele izinyithi ezithile kunye Ndileka ubuhle, akugubungele phantsi kwempembelelo umoya ioksijini elityheli film. Xa calcium kunye kwiteksti ubuso-wedwa emkhusaneni cc, barium na isakhiwo-lomnye umzimba.

Chemistry awana umhlaba metal isekelwe kwinto yokuba babe ebuntsimbi uhlobo lobudlelane. Kungenxa yoko le nto luphawulwa conductivity aphezulu zombane kunye nobushushu. Le amazinga lokunybilika nokubilisa ngaphezu koko kwezi iintsimbi kwealkali.

Iindlela yokulungisa

imveliso Beryllium ngezinga mveliso ikhutshwa phandle wokwehla fluoride yesinyithi. Imeko nokungena indlela kwemichiza ke preheating.

Ngenxa ukuba ngemvelo iintsimbi obrak zehlabathi ngokohlobo iikhompawundi ukuba magnesium, kwiteksti, calcium ihambo electrolysis of inyibilika of iityuwa zazo.

iipropati chemical

iimpawu eekhemikhali izinyithi obrak umhlaba sizibandakanya imfuneko ukuphelisa phambi kumphezulu babo oxide film umaleko. Oku kugqiba inertia lwezi methali emanzini. Calcium, barium, kwiteksti, xa unyityilikiswa emanzini ukwenza hydroxides ukuba kuthiwa iipropati ezisisiseko.

iimpawu eekhemikhali izinyithi obrak umhlaba bacinga intsebenziswano yabo mpilo. Nemveliso indlela le barium peroxide kukuba, kuba zonke ezinye oxides benziwa emva yokusabela. Onke amalungu ale yeklasi oxides ukubonisa iimpawu ezingundoqo, kuphela beryllium oxide iipropati amphoteric isici.

iimpawu eekhemikhali izinyithi obrak umhlaba ziboniswa kwaye ziyimpendulo isalfure, halogen, initrogen. Xa indlela kunye nokuchithwa acid ezi zinto uyabonakala. Njengoko beryllium unxulumene izinto amphoteric, iyakwazi ukuba asabele iikhemikhali kunye alkalis.

ukusabela qualitative

iifomyula Basic zesinyithi obrak zomhlaba, owaboniseleyo kule khosi zemichiza ezingaphiliyo ezinxulumene kunye neetyuwa. Ukuchonga amalungu ale eklasini kunye nezinye izinto, ungasebenzisa ukuzimisela qualitative. Xa kusetyenziswa i-alkali ze umhlaba metal ityuwa utywala-isibane idangatye, amabala idangatye waphawula ukuse-. nolungelelaniso kwiteksti kunika nombala emnyama ebomvu, i-calcium zesiqinisekiso - orange and green ithoni barium zesiqinisekiso.

Ukuchonga barium zesiqinisekiso ezisetyenziswa anions uhlalutyo sulfate qualitative. Ngenxa yale indlela a barium sulfate emhlophe leyo ezingenakunyibilika e asidi kwezimbiwa.

Radium yinto efunekayo eqhumayo iqulethe kwindalo ngezixa ezincinane. Zakudibana magnesium kunye ioksijini, kukho msebe okhanyayo. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa kangangexesha elithile ngexesha uthatha imifanekiso kwiindawo ezimnyama. Ngoku indawo flash wemagniziyam kwafika inkqubo yombane. Usapho zesinyithi obrak umhlaba ubhekisela beryllium, apho waphendula ngamachiza amaninzi. Calcium nezinki aluminiyam ngokufanayo, unako kwakhona iintsimbi ezinqabileyo ezifana titanium, Tungsten, molybdenum kunye ukrweco. Ezi nkqubo ukuze bafumane iintsimbi ekuthethwe kaltsietermiey kunye magnietermiey.

Iimpawu ze isicelo

Yintoni na ukusetyenziswa zesinyithi obrak zomhlaba? Calcium nezinki zisetyenziselwa Manufacturing aluminiyamu, ukukhanya kunye nesinyithi ezinqabileyo.

Umzekelo, nemagnesium uqulathwe ku ukwakheka duralumin, kunye calcium - abakhokele aluminium licandelo lisetyenziselwe ukulungiselela sheaths USB kanye ekudaleni iibheringi. Luphawu ukusebenzisa umhlaba obrak metal kwimizobo ngokohlobo oxides. islaked (calcium oxide) kunye elinyukayo wemagniziyam (wemagniziyam oxide) ziyafuneka ukuze kwicandelo lokwakha.

Xa indlela oksayidi ngamanzi iyekelela ubeka imali ebonakalayo ubushushu. islaked (calcium hayidroksayidi) isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa. Ukunqunyanyiswa emhlophe ukwimo (ubisi kwekalika) esetyenziswa kwishishini iswekile ukulungiselela inkqubo ucoco juice beet.

Iityuwa zesinyithi eqela lesibini

iityuwa magnesium, beryllium, izinyithi obrak zehlabathi eziqulunqwe abasabela kunye asidi le oxides achaphazelekayo. Kloride, Imichiza, iodides data Izakhi iikhompawundi crystalline emhlophe, ngokubanzi kakuhle enyibilikayo emanzini. Phakathi sulfates babe ukunyibilika kuphela wemagniziyam kunye beryllium compound. Sibona ukuncipha iityuwa beryllium ukuya barium sulphate. Carbonates kusebenza ezingenakunyibilika emanzini okanye ukunyibilika encinci.

Sulfides zonke izinto obrak zomhlaba ziqulethwe izixa ezincinane enzima. Ukuba uthumela ukuba ukhanyiso, ungafumana ezahlukahlukeneyo imibala. Sulfides zibandakanyiwe kwi zililo luminescent, ebizwa phosphors. Faka ezi imibala ukudala idayala ezikhanyayo, imiqondiso yezithuthi.

iikhompawundi eziqhelekileyo iintsimbi obrak umhlaba

Calcium carbonate yeyona luninzi kumphezulu womhlaba. Kuyinxalenye iikhompawundi ezifana lekalika, nezemarmore, ngetshokhwe. Phakathi kwabo, ukusetyenziswa ezibalaseleyo lekalika. Le ezimbiwa buyafuneka xa kusakhiwa, uthathwa ilitye kakhulu isakhiwo. Ngaphezu koko, le khompawundi ezikhona quicklime ezingaphiliyo kunye islaked, iglasi kunye isamente.

Ukusetyenziswa lekalika uhlalutye negalelo kwindlela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umgubo kunciphisa ubumuncu zomhlaba. netshokhwe Natural liqokobhe izilwanyana endala. Le compound isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa irabha, iphepha, ukudala iikhrayoni zesikolo.

imfuno Marble evela nabayili bezakhiwo, abakroli. Yenziwe zemabhile zadalwa imisebenzi ezininzi ezizodwa kaMichelangelo. Inxalenye lwezikhululo ze-metro eMoscow igcwele iithayile ibhastile. Magnesium carbonate lisetyenziswa kukuninzi ekwenziweni izitena, isamente, iglasi. Le kuyafuneka kwishishini metallurgical ukuba ukususwa rock kwenkunkuma.

calcium sulfate eziqulathwe ngokwendalo ngokohlobo gypsum (calcium sulphate crystalline) esetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha. Xa amayeza, umchiza isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ngumngundo, nokuvelisa amabhandeji gypsum.

Umakhi (gypsum hemihydrate) ukusabela ngamanzi iyasikhulula izixa kakhulu ubushushu. Kwakhona esetyenziswa kwishishini.

IEpson salts ityuwa (wemagniziyam sulfate), kusetyenziswa amayeza nje isisu. Le nto iye incasa ekrakra, efunyanwa kulo olwandle.

"Gadudu Barite" (barium sulfate) ayikho enyibilikayo emanzini. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku ityuwa isetyenziswa ngemitha. Salt ibamba le X-reyi zokuva izifo iphecana zesisu.

Ukubunjwa iliwa phosphate (iliwa) kunye calcium phosphate yi apatite. Kufuneka ukuvelisa calcium iikhompawundi: oxides, hydroxides.

Calcium odlalela eziphilayo ebaluleke ngokukodwa ophilileyo. Kuyinto olu kubalulekile ukwakha umzimba ithambo. ion calcium afunelwa yolungelelaniso wentliziyo, ukwandisa ekunqandeni igazi. Ukungabikho nto ebangela ukungasebenzi e-nervous system, ukungabi coagulation, ukulahlekelwa ubuchule ukuze anike ngokuqhelekileyo ukugcina ezahlukeneyo izinto.

Ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki zempilo, yonke imihla kufuneka kudla malunga 1.5 grams ngecalcium. Ingxaki ephambili amanga neqiniso ukuba umzimba ufunxe 0,06 iigrem calcium adle 1 gram okunamafutha. Imali ubuninzi metal equlethwe lettuce, parsley, cottage samasi, netshizi.

isiphelo

Zonke abameli iqela yesibini ngamaxesha etafileni iqelana eziphambili eziyimfuneko ubomi kunye nomsebenzi womntu mihla. Umzekelo, nemagnesium i stimulator iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni. Kufuneka ibe khona kwi-luvo izihlunu, igazi, ithambo, isibindi. Magnesium ithatha inxaxheba kunye photosynthesis, njengoko yinxalenye ngokuba yiklorofili. amathambo Human zimalunga isahlulo sesihlanu ubunzima iyonke. Ukuba ziqulathe calcium nezinki. Oxides, awana iityuwa umhlaba metal baye bafumana izicelo ezahlukeneyo kwishishini lokwakha, pharmaceutics kunye namayeza.