Ingxaki kwendima ebuntwaneni ebomini babantu: ubungqina uncwadi. Isincoko komxholo othi "Childhood"

owabumba identity iqala yabantwana yasekuqaleni. Yaba ngeli xesha ibeka imigaqo esisiseko yokuziphatha ukuba agxile izithethe zonxibelelwano kunye neempawu zenkcubeko eziya kukhokela bonke ubomi bakhe abadala. Kwindlela umlinganiswa lomntu amiliswe ngaphakathi ebuntwaneni, likhulu kakhulu akuyo. Ideas ngeendlela ukunxibelelana nabanye kunye nesimo sengqondo enye uqobo "Mna" imilo abantwana, ugxininise abo babathandayo nokukopisha yokuziphatha yabazali.

Apho zikhula abadala bonwabile

abadala Happy bakhulele iintsapho zonwabe. Ngenxa yokuba kubalulekile ukuba umntwana waziva uvuyo ebuntwaneni, ndiye ndafumana uthando ngokwaneleyo kunye nengqalelo nezihlobo zabo. nemvo lokhuseleko, yokuba wayefuna, kukho inkxalabo rhoqo oomama nootata kuchaphazela amakhono engqondweni lo mntwana, unceda ubuntu bakhe zikhule kakuhle. Ingxaki kwendima ebuntwaneni ebomini babantu kunye neziphakamiso ubabalo yempembelelo ekhethekileyo xesha impumelelo ebomini abadala zifumaneka imisebenzi bengqondo abadumileyo: Carl Gustav Jung, uSigmund Freud, Lva Vygotskogo.

Uphuhliso Emotional kwabantwana abancinane kuchaphazela ukukwazi ukumelana ntshikilelo, ifuthe elibi kwixesha elizayo, ukunceda ukufunda ukuvavanya indlela ngokwaneleyo abantu ezahlukeneyo kwaye akwazi ukunxibelelana nabo. Ngokusekelwe kumava yam umzali, itakane ufumana ingqikelelo iifomu okulungileyo nokubi ingcamango izithethe ezixabisekileyo zosapho. Ndandikhula, abantwana abonwabileyo ajike abe ubomi obuyimpumelelo yaye onwabile nabantu abangakwaziyo ukuthatha uxanduva ngezenzo zabo.

Iingxaki abadala ebuntwaneni enzima

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abantwana abathe Ndakhula nzima? Ukuba unina noyise bengasetyenziswa kwimfundo kunye nophuhliso womntwana wakho, musa ukunikela ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo omnye komnye yaye rhoqo ingxabano, ukuba wakhulela kuloo meko ezikhandelwa omdala egqwethekileyo iimbono malunga amaxabiso usapho. Bakugqala ukuziphatha zabo kuphela eqhelekileyo yendalo. Ngenxa isenzeko nangokwasengqondweni 'njengesifo iimvakalelo ", ukuba abazali eqwengiweyo phakathi usapho kunye nomsebenzi, yaye yabacudisiweyo rhoqo ekhaya kunye nesimo lunobumnyama, abantwana' adopt 'imeko labo ze baqalise sivakalelwe ngendlela efanayo.

Amaxesha amaninzi abantwana abathe baxhatshazwa zizalamane, likhula, qala "wabafundisa" abantwana babo ngendlela efanayo, bengazi ezinye iindlela. Ezinye kwengqondo bakholelwa ukuba le ukuziphatha kubangelwa ngumnqweno isiqaqa ukuba bona endaweni umhlaseli, ukuba saba lixhoba bengakhuselekanga.

Njengoko ubunzima nobuntwana ziboniswe uhlobo

Abantu ebuntwaneni ogama wayengonwabanga, ntonje ezininzi iingxaki zengqondo ethintela ukuba siphila ubomi ngokupheleleyo. Ezi ngxaki kubangela ukuba benze izenzo ezingafanelekanga ukuba eziyingozi ngokwabo nabanye. Ukuba abazali ungabandakanyeki umntwana kwaye wabethelela zokuziphatha, omdala akuyi kubakho inkqubo ecacileyo lwamaxabiso. Akazange bazisola xa usenza i "isenzo esibi" uze ungafumani ngokwanelisayo entle.

Kakade ke, lo "yobuntwana nzima" - akukho isivakalisi. Akukho mfuneko umntwana anqunyulwe uthando lwabazali kunye ingqalelo, kumila mthetho. Kodwa abantu abanjalo nzima ukuqonda iminqweno yabo kunye neenjongo ezininzi, kaninzi uwajongele ngokwabo kwaye rhoqo uziva ungonwabanga, ukuwathetha awona nolwalamano oluhle.

Le ncwadi uncedo umntwana kwixesha elinzima

Ukungakholelwa Iifomu isibheno sakhe ezinjalo izinto angazithandiyo ezifana ngenkohliso, ukubawa, uhanahaniso. Abantwana bakhula ngaphandle unonophelo konke konke, okanye umzali omnye kuphela ungaboneli "abantwana bonwabe" abavela kwiintsapho sizolile. Abazi ukunxibelelana njani yaye ngenkankulu uzale ukwenza abahlobo.

Kwelinye icala, ubuchule ukoyisa iingxaki banokuba nempembelelo entle kubomi elizayo bomntwana. Abo zisetyenziswa ukumelana neengxaki, akhusela umbono wakhe, yaye wafundisa ukuba ukwakha ubuhlobo, kaninzi iba ubomi obuyimpumelelo omdala. Nceda abantwana boyisa amaxesha kunzima, ukuqonda imiba entsonkothileyo yokuziphatha kunye nezenzo nabanye abantu banako imisebenzi yoncwadi.

Ingxoxo indima yobuntwana eziklasini zoncwadi

Ukuziphatha incwadi abalinganiswa, iimvakalelo ezinxulumene nazo, zinika ithuba uziva endaweni yenye, ukuqonda iintshukumisa yezenzo zabantu ezahlukeneyo. Ulinganisa zonke iintlobo iindima, usana wazana ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo yokuziphatha, idala amanani alo nobuntu. Ewisa iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinxulumene ngumlinganiswa othile, umzali inceda uphuhliso umntwana wabo ngokwemvakalelo, efundisa ukuba abe nobubele, khathalela, ingqalelo iimfuno zabanye.

Ukuxoxa ingxaki indima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu, i iingxoxo ngakwicala yempembelelo kwiminyaka yokuqala kuphuhliso ubuntu, abantwana esikolweni kwiiklasi zoncwadi. Lo mba sele bakhuliswa imisebenzi emininzi yamandulo. Umxholo lesincoko "Indima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu" ifumaneka uzihlole. Ukuze izikolo eliphezulu abafundi kufuneka iqulunqe kwindawo yabo imbono kwingxaki bokubonisa oko, besebenzisa ulwazi lwabo, amava akhe, yaye iingxoxo imisebenzi eziliqela zoncwadi.

Indima yobuntwana kwinoveli A. S. Pushkina "Eugene Onegin"

Kuba ukuxelwa kwemfundo umxholo njengendlela lokusekwa umntu kuyimfuneko ukuze sinikele ingqalelo inoveli A. S. Pushkina "Eugene Onegin". Ophambili - igosa lakomkhulu, esengumntwana engqongwe ngabantu inkcubeko kunye nobomi ingqukuva. Personality Onegin ingaqhelekanga, ngenxa yokuba uziva ulwaneliseko wobomi ekuhlaleni, kodwa ndondlelwe nezazi yeengcungcu. Le meko kuphikisana livela kwi isiqephu Kungquzulwano Lensky, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba umlinganiswa ophambili ekulahlekeni intsingiselo ebomini.

Tatyana Larina, Heroine yenoveli A. S. Pushkina, babekhuliswe eyahlukileyo kakhulu. On ubuntu yakhe ifuthe lenkcubeko Russian neenoveli Western. Folk izithethe yena imbibed ngalo okusingqongileyo, enkosi intsomi nokubanika ukuba Tanya omncinane wamxelela unesi. ebuntwaneni Heroine yadlula phakathi nobuhle Russian uhlobo ongaqhelekanga kunye nezithethe. Impembelelo ye-West ibonisa Kungakuhle ukuba imfundo Pushkin esithi: Imfundo yaseYurophu kunye nezithethe zesizwe Russian. Kungenxa yoko le nto Tatiana umi imigaqo zokuziphatha nesimo olomeleleyo izahlule abaseleyo amaqhawe "Eugene Onegin" inoveli.

Umbuzo eziphembelela imfundo umlinganiswa kwinoveli L. N. Tolstogo "War Noxolo"

bangakhuthazeka abafundi ukuba bathathe umzekelo ngenxa yemisebenzi enye imisebenzi L. N. Tolstogo nje. Xa inoveli "War Noxolo" uPyotr Rostov, ngubani ilifa kubazali bakhe ububele kunye nokuvuleleka, ubonisa kakuhle ekulweni yakhe yokuqala kuphela, kanye phambi kokufa kwakhe. Ezinye Amaqhawe amaqhawe, uHelen kunye Anatole Kuragino abo bangazazanga uthando lwabazali, wayinyusa kwintsapho ukuba zixabisa ngaphezu kwayo yonke imali, ukukhula abantu abazingcayo kunye kakubi.

Goncharov ingxaki indima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu, i iingxoxo. "Oblomov"

inoveli Umbhali Ivan Goncharov kaThixo "Oblomov" kutsalela ingqalelo kwingxaki kwendima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu. Ophambili isebenza iikulya Oblomov, akukho nako ukuthatha unonophelo ngokwabo, njengoko uvusiwe kwi "iimeko hothouse". Akukho namnye isigqibo sakhe, a swi nga kungakhokelela ekupheleni kwaye nkqu uzama ukuqalisa into ukwenza, kwaye nje ngengqondo kukuthi, njengoko kuya kuba kakuhle ekugqibeleni. Umhlobo wakhe - ehlokomayo esebenzayo Stolz ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya accustom abazali ukuba geqe. Le hero uyawabala, nzima yaye uyazi into ayifunayo.

Ukuvela yobuntwana yakhe imveliso B. Soloukhina "ukuzingela» Third

Kwiklasi likatitshala uncwadi sinokwenza ukuhlalutya isicatshulwa kwincwadi umbhali Soviet V. Soloukhina "hunt Third" ukunceda abafundi baqonde ingxaki indima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu. Iimpikiswano umbhalo Soloukhina zinxulumene nje kuphela ukuyilwa ubuntu, kodwa impembelelo ngamava ebuntwaneni ezenzeka ebantwini abadala, oko ubopha kunye kwilizwe labo. Yena ngokucacile ingongoma yakhe ezifakwe ku izikweko enxulumene uhlobo kunye nomzobo kubomi neembongi Russian. Umbhali uthi isiseko ubuntu iyafakwa iinkumbulo esakhula ngeemvakalelo zisoloko kubonakala kwixesha elizayo.

imfundo ukuhlonipheka kwi "greenhorns" D. I. Fonvizina

Le comedy odumileyo D. I. Fonvizina "I-Minor" Kwakhona lijongana ingxaki indima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu. Ingxabano kunye ukukhanya umbhali ubonisa ukuba nempembelelo enkulu ungubani usapho bomntwana. Ophambili - Mitrofanushka, ogama lakhe waba igama elaziwa kuthatha phezu ukunyoluka, inkohlakalo kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi umama wakhe. Wafumana isimo wobukhoboka lomhlaba kunye nomgangatho nokugada okhohlakeleyo ngabazali babo, kubonakala endleleni yakhe yokuziphatha yaye usebenza nabantu. amanqaku umfanekiso Mitrofan ekuncipheni uluntu yeengcungcu, okubangelwa akhuliswe engafanelekanga.

Ingxaki kwendima ebuntwaneni ebomini babantu: ubungqina iincwadi ngababhali bamanye amazwe

Charles Dickens, apho abalinganiswa abaphambili ngokufuthi abantu wakhula kakhulu, ugqibelele ukubonisa ingxaki yempembelelo kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala malunga nokumiselwa ubuntu. Xa inoveli "UDavide Copperfield" kakhulu ngokuphila, umbhali ubonisa indoda ihlala elungileyo, nangona ukuthotywa rhoqo, ubunzima kunye kokusesikweni ebomini. Little lukaDavide rhoqo ukuza ukunceda abantu abaqhelekileyo, ukuvumela ukuba ugcine nokholo nokunyaniseka kwabo. Inkwenkwe ngokwakhe ukufunda ukwahlula okulungileyo kokubi, ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo ngokwabo. Kuye uyakwazi ukubona iimpawu ezintle xa umntu ngamnye.

Margaret Drabble inoveli "Enye zasehlotyeni" ibonisa ukuba ubuntwana - hayi nje ixesha elifutshane ukuze kweminyaka ethile, inxulunyaniswa kakhulu ukuvuthwa engqondweni. An omdala onoxanduva izigqibo kunye nezenzo zabo, yena uyakuqonda ukubaluleka sokusebenzisana kwaye ubulumko behlabathi.

Indima yobuntwana: Kwimeko ndima

Kucholacholo lweendaba rhoqo kakhulu ingxaki indima ebuntwaneni ebomini bomntu. Iingxoxo imisebenzi kule sihloko zikwazi ukuthathwa inqaku ngu Zamostyanova "esakhula kwilishwa Suvorov kaThixo." Xa umsebenzi wakhe, umbhali uthi ubuntu umphathi baphenjelelwa ngamandla yi amabali unina malunga iinkokeli odumileyo yamajoni elidlulileyo: Aleksandre Makedonskom kunye Aleksandre Nevskom. ibali lwakhe ephelekwa ngumzali umhlalutyi ukuba amandla kwabantu entloko, azisesandleni sakho. Yaba emveni koku amabali ibuhlungu ezifana inkwenkwe yaqalisa ukuphuhlisa lukhuni ngenxa yokuba wayefuna ukuba abe isosha.

ixesha ubuntwana ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo-gingxi ubuntu. Oku sisiseko ukuba imbono eyaneleyo bona nemikhosi bawo abasehlabathini lonke kunye nobomi obonwabisayo elizayo.