Maleko zokuzikhusela zabasebenzi ukukhusela unyanzeliso eziphathekayo ukusuka kokusingqongileyo

maleko ibakhusela eziphathekayo balo babulingana nesandla 'umdla kubantu abaninzi benza ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezenziwe ufakelo lwesamente. Ngokusisiseko le ukutyabeka, uqala kumphezulu ndisolulela ukuya kwiindawo abangakumbi.

Isetyenziswa ukukhusela imisipha lutshintsho umhlwa, ubushushu ngokugqithiseleyo, ukufuma phezulu, nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. umsebenzi walo adhesion hetisekeke isisombululo eziphathekayo kunye nezilinganisi.

design

Kwizakhiwo eziphathekayo umaleko zokhuselo ukhandwa izinto yandisa indawo kude ukusuka moya eqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umaleko zokuzikhusela zabasebenzi Ukomeleza ngekhonkrithi sele ubukhulu olubekwe kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo. Ukongeza, impembelelo kwisalathiso, ezinye izinto ezifana uhlobo eziphathekayo, imilinganiselo macandelo emnqamlezweni.

Ukuthintela ngokuwa iintsika kugunyaziso sobhedu ilele kwindawo waneka eso sakhiwo. Eziphathekayo Ukuguqulwa kolwelo xa natywinwa ngenyameko nayo kwaye ithwala ezininzi imikhosi eqine.

ingcinezelo

Ukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo ubukhulu abafanelekileyo yimeko ebalulekileyo emsebenzini. Kwimeko umaleko iya kuba nomzimba ukuqalisa intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo lweziqalelo ebuntsimbi enokukhokelela utshintsho kubume yonke.

Kulo mzekelo Ebubanzini likhulu kakhulu umaleko zikhusela ikhonkrithi iba ukhetho ilungileyo, ukusukela ukuba oku kukhuthaza ukwanda ngokungafanelekanga kubume iindleko. Ngoko ke, simele sibe nako ukubala ngokuchanekileyo ubukhulu efunekayo. Phakathi imiba echaphazela oku kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku kulandelayo:

• Umthwalo phezu imisipha. Kukho iindlela ezimbini kulo mzobo zayo. Iziphatha kubo uhlobo mula kunye nexesha eladlulayo unyanzeliso.
• iintlobo abamelwe. Ukusebenzisa zombini ezinqamlezayo kunye nombono longitudinal. Kuyahluka njenge yokusebenza kunye unyanzeliso eyakhayo.

ifuthe Big, ukongeza koku kungasentla, kufuneka iimeko elindelweyo yokusebenza. Unako ukusebenzisa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, xa kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukufuma okanye adibane emhlabeni. Kufuneka kwakhona yobhaliso enyanzelekileyo.

Ukukhetha

Ukuze lula kukhethwe Ebubanzini inkqubo kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwimigangatho efunekayo ecaciswe isniphu. Free ukugogeka unyanzeliso candelo longitudinal kufuneka umaleko ibakhusela ikhonkrithi mkhulu kune okanye ilingana nenkalo diametral yentonga. Ukuba iindonga neepleyiti kufuneka indices ngaphantsi kwe-100 mm, ukutyabeka kufuneka iqale ngo-10 mm. Kwimeko yokudlula kwinqanaba lithile ukuphakama imiqadi kunikwa bungange 250 isalathiso esilingana-15 mm.

Ngexesha ulwakhiwo lohlobo kunye longitudinal prestressing unyanzeliso ezo ndawo apho umthwalo zifakwa inxalenye eziphathekayo, umaleko kufuneka ubukhulu malunga kabili ubukhulu. Oku kusebenza zombini liye emivalweni nokubethelela kunye ngentambo.

Izalathisi kunye nemigangatho ezidweliswe ngasentla kufuna iimeko zemozulu eqhelekileyo. Zikulungele ukuhlolwa kwaye ubukhulu womlinganiselo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ziphuhliswe, ezo zisekelwe kumgaqo ngemagnethi.

nitrogen

Okubaluleke kakhulu ke ngesihlwitha Guardian maleko, elikuvumela ukuba ukudala imilinganiso ngqo ngesakhiwo ngexesha wezifundo yayo. izixhobo ezinjalo zifakwa siqinisa womnatha engundoqo, lo gama i-siseko abembumbile. Zothintelo eziphathekayo layer kunye ubukhulu-60 cm kule meko ukulungisa lula kakhulu.

Namhlanje ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu wafumana plastiki utshixo, nangona ukuba kwakude kudala ke izakusetyenziswa endaweni lwemidlalo workpiece. ngaphambili zavelisa phambi kokuqala ngokubekwa. Ukhetho zanamhlanje akubizi yaye kulula ukufaka. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba imisebenzi elula unyanzeliso ubuninzi kunye concreting koko izakhiwo monolithic.

Izinto eziluncedo ze usebenzise

Ngenxa okuvula babe nethuba imisipha entengo esemgangathweni kwifomu efunekayo. Ngoko kwakukho ozingenelayo ukuthululwa isisombululo eziphathekayo. Kulo mzekelo, engenaxhala malunga ukubana le armature, njengoko rhoqo umaleko efanayo ibakhusela ikhonkrithi liqinisekisiwe. Isniphu 2.01.02-85 iimfuno ezisisiseko indalo yayo. Esi sixhobo uluncedo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukutyabeka.

Ukusebenzisa omfisha kuvula amathuba zilandelayo:

• ukunciphisa iindleko kwakhiwa isakhiwo;
• kufuneka ngaphantsi ixesha imisebenzi ezihambelana ukuya concreting kunye wezifundo;
• kuhanjwa isiseko usoloko phantsi kolawulo;
• umgangatho womsebenzi iphezulu.

Kwakhona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho isakhiwo lokugqibela eziphathekayo kusenza into eyaneleyo kunye nenqanaba efanayo Guardian ngeso lenyama.

Ukufeza imisebenzi

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, nkqu umaleko ubuninzi ibakhusela ikhonkrithi kufuna umsebenzi zalungiswa ngenxa ukufika sikarhulumente engalunganga. Nokubuyisela ku ichibi esebenzisa iindlela ezimbini:

• indawo epheleleyo inxalenye eliphezulu;
• umsebenzi wokwakha buso, nayo leyo iquka ezipetshiweyo ayangena NOKUCUKUCEZA.

In lwalo yesibini akadingi elininzi ixesha kunye nomgudu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunyanga kwindawo eyonakeleyo, ekucoceni nabo Lutho primer. Ezipetshiweyo kungaqala kuphela emva kokugqitywa wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela.

Ukwenziwa kwe ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo inxalenye engentla umaleko zokuzikhusela kufuneka ibe phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye nemithetho. Imfuneko ngokutsha epheleleyo livela meko zilandelayo:

• yokuzahlula umqobo layer;
• utshintsho lweempawu eziphathekayo;
• iintsimbi baqala angezi ngenxa intsebenziswano imichiza ne-bume engqongileyo kuzo.

indawo kwechibi

Umsebenzi luqala imitha ukuchonga ububanzi isetyenziswa le maleko ibakhusela eziphathekayo. Inika ithuba ukulinganisa umaleko okuqinisa ukhuseleko, iindawo zazo ezingafanelekanga isuswe emva nangononophelo olukhulu ukuya kwindawo owandayo isakhelo kwensimbi.

Xa kuvele imfuneko ngokusebenzisa zokucoca iindawo metal kubume lwesamente eziphathekayo ngoomaleko umhlwa kwakunye nothuli ekhoyo kunye nokungcola.

Ukusetyenziswa isisombululo eziphathekayo luqala emva kokugqitywa iintshukumo wokulungiselela. Used ngokusebenzisa umxube ngomatshini, nto leyo unikezelo umbandela phantsi koxinzelelo ngokohlobo umoya. Ngokusebenzisa indlela inikeze isisombululo luthe zakudibana-moya kwezakhiwo abutment kunye amasuntswana zincinane. Isisombululo kufuneka ubudeki ubuncinane 3 cm.

Ukuba umphezulu zokwakha kukho umonakalo ebonakalayo, Sesiphi na sinda phantsi nokulungiswa buso sebenzisa umaleko entsha ibakhusela eziphathekayo yangaphambili. Devices kunye tips diamond zisetyenziswa xa machining kuyimfuneko.

Anchorage

ukubaluleka ibalulekileyo okubambelela eziqalelo wezifundo, enika amandla transfer kuqikelelwa kwicandelo ezimiselweyo izakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente. ubude bayo ibanjiwe ngokungqinelana yokuba ngoku ngabafakwa armature kufuneka amkele adhesion yayo kumphezulu eziphathekayo, ibekwe ecaleni lonke okubambelela ubude. Kwaye ke iinzame ukuxhathisa ukulungisa izixhobo, kuxhomekeka kumthamo eziphathekayo saluqilima, iiprofayili kunye nezixhobo ubungakanani, uxinezeleko karhulumente izinto.

Iveliswe okubambelela uhlobo lwezivalo ezinqamlezayo ngokusebenzisa ngokugoba yalo iwelding lwalo okanye ukufikelela yayo longitudinal. Kugunyaziso longitudinal kufuneka enobubanzi hayi ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha nenkalo ezinqamlezayo.

Ekwakheni ubuhlobo kufuneka kwakudibana mgama, nto leyo eza kunika amandla transfer kuqikelelwa ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye inxalenye enxibeleleneyo. ubude ziyangenana umiselwe yi okubambelela eziphambili, lo gama kuthathelwa ingqalelo isithuba phakathi kwamalungu iintonga, kukho umaleko ibakhusela ngekhonkrithi, inani cross-type izixhobo kwi edibeneyo phakathi kweentonga kunye, zokuyixakatha ngenqaku elinye.