Kwemithetho. Imixholo kunye neendidi komthetho

Ekuqaleni uluntu yaba mass olungamanyananga ekhoyo kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha abantu baqala ukuba alungiselele ngokobuninzi ezithile. Oku kuye kwabachaphazela inqanaba yazo yophuhliso, ngokuba kwiqela labantu ukufunda ngokukhawuleza yaye babize amava ethile. Kodwa noluntu zesizwe, ezibe izakhiwo yokuqala, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yaba yinto kwinkqubo ngokuhlanganiswa uluntu. Kuye kwacaca ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza inkqubo egqibeleleyo ngakumbi kwaye self-yokulawula. Le yayiyimeko. Namhlanje, kukho inani elikhulu kumazwe. Bonke umsebenzi ngokulawula uluntu. Lo msebenzi uya kwenziwa yencopho jikelele ezifana focal, njengoko ekunene. Ngokwawo, olu didi kwiimbangi umdla ukuba izazinzulu ezininzi. Kodwa ukwazi ngakumbi kuba izenzo karhulumente, imiqathango yaloo mthetho eneneni ikhona. izenzo olumisiweyo yombuso kuvela ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "-ekwenziweni komthetho". Izifundo yale nkqubo - hayi zonke amagunya akhoyo. Ngoko, sizama ingqalelo zonke iinkalo ekwenziweni komthetho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukubaluleka ezizodwa yale hlobo msebenzi.

Ingcamango yokuba kukho iindidi

Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe ukutyhilwa imfundiso le-ekwenziweni komthetho, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ngoyena ndoqo kudidi. Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba akukho inkqubo ethile oluqhutywa-sikhokelo nemithetho esebenzayo. Eyona njongo ephambili ye-ekwenziweni komthetho kukudala imithetho kwezomthetho elawula ubudlelwane ezithile zentlalo. Ngenxa yoko, i-ekwenziweni komthetho - umsebenzi ogunyazisiweyo izifundo, ijolise ekudaleni amalungiselelo omthetho ngokuthi kukhutshwe imigaqo esemthethweni. Enanikade uthe inkqubo na isenzeko entsonkothileyo leyo eye izifundo zayo, iifomu, iimpawu kunye m. N. Ngamanye amazwi, i-ekwenziweni komthetho na kufundwa isakhiwo ezifunekayo.

Imisebenzi yokwenziwa kwemithetho

Ezi ndidi, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ke indlela ethile yomsebenzi. Ukuba injongo yaso - ekufezekiseni imisebenzi ethile. Baya kwenza umgca iphambili iindidi zomsebenzi. Imisebenzi zingqina ngumkhuba lwenkqubo ekwenziweni komthetho kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwiindawo ezithile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ziye zachongwa iqela imisebenzi esisiseko yokwenziwa kwemithetho.

1. Nokuhlaziya sikhokelo yolawulo karhulumente - lo msebenzi, nto leyo uxanduva lokuzalisa kwenkqubo yezomthetho yesizwe kunye amaxwebhu amatsha ezisemthethweni elawula ubudlelwane kule okanye kwinqanaba.
2. Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo ukuze kuvalwe izikhewu zomthetho. Ingongoma kukuba asingawo onke ubudlelwane asakhulayo ekuhlaleni lulawulwa imithetho karhulumente. Oku kungenxa ngendaleko ngokukhawuleza eluntwini kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Ngoko ke, izifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho ekuphumezeni le misebenzi kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo kulo mba kwaye ngandlela zonke ukuba uzalise izikhewu ngenxa kuwiso-mthetho.
3. Zonke izenzo yoluntu iya kuba kubume olungqongqo oluneqela. Kungenjalo, oko kungabangela ukuba ukungalingani PPA ekhoyo, esinokubangela lunengxaki ulawulo.
4. Kakade ke, lo msebenzi ungundoqo ekwenziweni komthetho kukudala imithetho kunye-base. Ngapha koko, ngoncedo kwezi ndidi kukho ummiselo lomsebenzi lwentlalo.

Ngenxa yoko, i-ukwenza umyalelo umsebenzi ngenjongo, benawo iqela lemisebenzi. Kodwa ke, njengokuba sisazi, nawuphi na umsebenzi uvela naziphi na izifundo. Ekwenziweni komthetho akukho ngaphandle. Ngoko ke, ukuze bafunde oludidi kufuneka ukuqonda isakhiwo izifundo zayo.

Ingcamango lwamaqumrhu wokwenza-mthetho

Iphambili naliphi ishishini yinxalenye abantu abathe ngqo ukuba iphunyezwe. Ngoko, imiba ezisebenzayo ekubhekiswe kuyo kwicandelo Inqaku kufuneka kufundwa ekukhanyeni emacaleni aso olusebenzayo. Kule meko zinkampani pravotvorchestva:

• State;
• namajaji;
• izikhulu;
• imizimba of local self-government;
• umbutho eziluhlobo yoluntu;
• ngqo ebantwini.

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke izifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho ngethuba yeshishini, bayaqonda amagunya okusegazini. ubukho babo ibonisa ingakumbi ulawulo ngokwasemthethweni emacaleni yonke inkqubo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa amaqela abandakanyekayo ukuphunyezwa udidi, ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Wusebenzisele ukuba bachonge iindidi ze-yokwenza umthetho kwizifundo. Ngamanye amazwi, icala ngalinye iyasebenza inkqubo ngendlela yaso, olubonwa ngokucacileyo ekuhlalutyeni amandla abo. Ngoko ke, iintlobo kunye nezifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho; okanye iindidi inkqubo - kukuba amagama njalo ukuba ezihlobeneyo.

Ubuchule eziphambili zezifundo

Ngenxa yoko, isimaphambili se zifundo ngokwenza-mthetho lubonisa ukuba abantu ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo kufuneka uluhlu ethile amagunya kuphela. Oku ngoyena ndoqo neyodwa ye kwimisebenzi enjongo ikukudala imimiselo emitsha. Kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuqwalaselwa nkqubo okwenza-nomthetho zifundo. Bonke bephela luphawulwa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo iimfundiso. Kodwa ke, xa sihlalutya lo mthetho kunye nembono ezaziwa kakhulu kwithiyori karhulumente, amaziko athatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni komthetho, ugunyaziwe:

• ukwenza izixhobo zomthetho ezintsha;
• ingqalelo iiprojekthi PPA yamkelwa;
• Fundisa izenzo ezisemthethweni ngokungathi kunjalo, oko kukuthi, ukuzibandakanya semthethweni lwabo.

Ngalinye elimelweyo amalungelo kwezifundo wenkululeko ngokwenza-mthetho lubonisa imisebenzi yayo ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho iimpawu ezifanayo akukho uthetha malunga nokuzazi, ngaphandle kokukhetha, bonke ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo. Kule meko sithetha ubukho ukungalingani ezithile zomthetho phakathi abadlali kunye iindlela ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yabo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ucinge ezichaphazela ilungu ngalinye ngamnye yokwenziwa kwemithetho.

Umsebenzi lwemizimba karhulumente

-Ekwenziweni komthetho, kuxhomekeke kwizifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho, oko inophawu ezimbini. Thabatha, umzekelo, imisebenzi nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. Asingabo bonke abachaphazelekayo inkqubo yokwenza-mthetho. Inkqubo ilungu ophakamileyo - yiPalamente Russian Federation. umzimba thaca noxanduva zokwamkelwa nemithetho, leyo kuba amandla ephakamileyo ngokusemthethweni emva kokuba umgaqo-siseko karhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, iPalamente ayikho umzimba kuphela okhupha izenzo ezisemthethweni. Kukwakho nezinye izifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho. Ezi ziquka uRhulumente, zabaphathiswa, ii-arhente zikarhulumente ezizodwa Russian. imizimba ayamileyo thaca ukudala inkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo olawula nezobudlelwane ezithile kwaye ezithile kummandla othile.

Law-nokwenza abasemagunyeni bendawo

Ukudalwa izenzo Mthetho ayipheleli arhente federal okanye kumbindi amandla. Legislating for the Russian Federation kananjalo kwenziwe. Kodwa ke umsebenzi kufuneka ezichaphazela zalo kulo mgangatho. Zonke izenzo ezisemthethweni epapashwe elawula zomthetho nezobudlelwane evela kuburhulumente yobomi bemihla ngemihla ezithile kumiswa indawo. Njengomgaqo, loo imiba idilesi NPA lomlinganiswa yoluntu kunye nawoluNtu. Ngoko ke, ukwenziwa komthetho Federation ulinganiselwe.

Ezi nkcukacha zabantu

Inani labantu kule Russian Federation - umthombo osisiseko kwamandla karhulumente lizwe. Ngokuhambelana nale hlanga ngendidi ezininzi ofisi. umsebenzi kwemithetho yenziwa ngokusebenzisa referendums zoluntu plebiscites. ezi ziphumo iinkqubo kuba amandla omthetho ephakamileyo nesibophelelayo. Noko ke, ngenxa yale referendums kunye plebiscites asiyiyo imbonakalo yommiselo kwifomu apho zonke zisetyenziselwa bayibone. Law-kwezigqibo ngohlobo enokudala isiseko esisemthethweni lizaliswe ngakumbi amaxwebhu asemthethweni.

Umahluko ka-ekwenziweni komthetho kunye ekwenziweni komthetho

Kwinzululwazi zomthetho, zininzi amagama ezifanayo kwimiba zabo yeengcingane, kodwa twatse ngokupheleleyo akunjalo. Iindidi efana nale kubizwa-ekwenziweni komthetho kunye ekwenziweni komthetho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zombini iinkqubo kufuneka imo yezomthetho efanayo, kodwa imisebenzi eyahlukileyo esebenza. -Ekwenziweni komthetho, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ibe umsebenzi ejoliswe ekudalweni nemimiselo esemthethweni kunye nenkqubo-sikhokelo esemthethweni, ukuba sithe, umzekelo, ngokuphathelele zimvo. Esithetha ngqo malunga semthethweni imithetho yokuziphatha kummandla wolawulo unxulumano ezithile zentlalo. Umthetho kulo mzekelo - umsebenzi esinenjongo siku ukwakhiwa kwemithetho, ngaphezulu yi PPA yayo ngokomthetho mandla emva kokuba umGaqo-siseko.

isiphelo

Ngoko sazama ukufumana ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba izifundo ze-ekwenziweni komthetho. Elokuphetha: i imisebenzi karhulumente ebaluleke kakhulu onjalo umntu owenza. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wabo kufuneka ngokubanzi kwakhona kwixesha elizayo, inkqubo yezomthetho yazala nemimiselo eziyimfuneko.