Kutuzov: umfanekiso inoveli "War Noxolo". Iimpawu ze Kutuzov

LN UTolstoy wayeqinisekile ukuba imbali akakwazi ukulawula umntu omnye, kungakhathaliseki indlela ebalaseleyo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, bayahlelwa karhulumente, nkqu ezona zinto zinzima ikhona sele isonjululwe ngabantu.

Le ndlela kuboniswe kumfanekiso athethwe yingqwayi-ngqwayi, oze wazimela phantsi kobunkokheli umkhosi Russian yakwazi ukuba aphumelele soyise phezu isisiFrentshi 1812. UMikhail Kutuzov e Tolstoy - isampulu ophethe komoya kunye intando yabantu bonke. Ngenxa italente namaqhinga okulwa, ukukulungela kunye nokukwazi akhusele uluvo lwabo, isimo sengqondo njengotata amajoni, waphumelela uthando nentlonelo yomkhosi Russian.

ulwazi zembali

Golenischev-Kutuzov Kutuzov, 1745 ukuzalwa, yaba kwisikolo mkhosi, apho wakhonza phantsi kobunkokheli PA Rumyantsev no Suvorov ekuphakameni kwakhe rapid iqala imfazwe Russian-Turkish leminyaka 1864-78.

Ukususela nge-mkhosi ka Prince Holstein-bek ngo-1861, emva kweminyaka engama-30 kamva, wafumana isikhundla jikelele. UMikhail Kutuzov safunyanwa kakuhle ezafumaneka ebhotwe phantsi Catherine II kunye noPawulos, mna ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndimoyisile iimbasa oluphezulu anobukroti emkhosini.

Weza ngamandla , Alexander I ngowe-1802, wabamisela kuqala kuye irhuluneli zomkhosi nokulawula imicimbi yoluntu kumaphondo amabini, kodwa emva konyaka sachithwa. ubudlelwane abanenzondo phakathi koMlawuli entsha Kutuzov wahlala kuloo ndawo de ukufa yokugqibela ngo-1813. Ngaphandle koku, ngowe-1805, Kutuzov wamiselwa alimwi omnye bemikhosi Russian, wathumela Austria ngehlobo lowe-1812 xa ukunyanzelisa yezikhulu - umphathi ayo yonke imikhosi Russian kunye ngabavukeli.

"War Noxolo": inkcazo kwinoveli Kutuzov

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala umfundi ubona umlinganiswa kwangaxesha uphonononge in yaseBraunau. Ngokuchasene yangasemva jikelele Austria, enxibe iyunifomu emhlophe, Kutuzov, oko lutyhido kwaye kwabonakala ukuba nesaziso kwenziwa phambi kwakhe webutho, ngakumbi leyo ithe ayakunanza umphathi omkhulu, kunye nendoda eqhelekileyo.

Umbhali ngokuphindaphindiweyo ugxininisa uncumo, n'ekiweebwayo ngobuso bakhe sizenze sasisimbi inxeba, xa wayethetha amajoni. Olu luphawu lokuqala Kutuzov.

"War Noxolo" iquka imifanekiso eziliqela compositionally ebalulekileyo, kumdlali eliyinkokheli, yena uhlala zendalo. ubuso bakhe enlivened uncumo yayibathanda, ngoko awumhluphi. Akazange alibazise ngaloo ekhwela nzima phezu kwehashe okanye iqala ukulala kude ngexesha kwibhunga yasemkhosini. Not ezimela kwimboniselo ngokupheleleyo wonke, angasusa iinyembezi emehlweni okanye ukubonisa ukudinwa. Nditsho chicken ngexesha lesidlo sasemini esidla ngokungathi kunye umgudu. Kulo mzekelo, kubonakala olumkileyo, uzolile kwaye uzive uxanduva eli lizwe kunye nabantu bonke phezu inoveli "War Noxolo". Ucaphula Kutuzov - enye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ezinceda ukwenza ukumelwa ngale ndoda. "Yeha kuwo umhlaba, apho abangaphantsi, abaphathi kunye neenkundla, hayi imithetho elawula abemi nezenzo!" - oku kunye nezinye iingxelo ukuvumela ukuba siqonde iinkolelo wangaphakathi kunye ukuchaza ezinye izinto.

Review ku yaseBraunau

Eyona njongo iphambili awayezenza oyintloko, ukulungiselela uhlolo, - ukubonisa indlela umkhosi Russian ayikho nako ngeli xesha ukuze ziye kweli dabi.

Kule ndawo, abakwazi ukuya sengqondo kuyabonwa Kutuzov ukuba amajoni. Ngokucophelela ujonga nezambatho zabo, ingakumbi izihlangu, yaye, enikina intloko yakhe, yenza kucace ukuba jikelele Austria, ngayo yonke into embi. Nge ingqalelo eyodwa Kutuzov ukuba amajoni wayesazi phulo Turkish, kwaye Timohin ujongana ngegama kwaye ukhumbula anobukroti yakhe ngexesha lokufakwa kaIshmayeli. Akukho umphathi-mkhosi, kwaye umphathi ingqalelo - ayiphucukanga ngexesha ngokutsha Kutuzov.

Yomfanekiso inoveli "Imfazwe Uxolo" lenduna kuyo yonke imveliso kuyahlukahlukana kancinane. Ngoko ke siya kumbona ngexesha idabi Borodino okanye okuvela ESmolensk.

impi Austerlitz

I-episode elandelayo ibalulekile ekuqondeni yohlobo uTshawe - ibhunga yemfazwe, owanyusa ndawonye onke iinjengele ngaphandle Bagration. Yiza Kutuzov, ngubani kuqala imbonakalo yakhe yonke yabonisa ukungoneliseki kwenzeka ntoni, yaye emva koko nje walala ubuthongo. Oku ukungakhathali elula engayenzanga. Kaloku imfazwe uza kuphela, yaye akukho zicwangciso "misebenzi" ayiyi kunceda - oku eqinisekile ukuba umphathi Kutuzov umfanekiso abanamava inoveli "War Noxolo" apho kusoloko ngumbandela intlonelo nokunconywa.

Yena akayi uphikise umlawuli. Alexander Ndafika kusasa kwindawo elizayo edabini, eqinisekile uloyiso elizayo. Wayebonakala nako Kwathi ngeenxa zonke intliziyo Kutuzov kuphela unciphe ukusuka intlungu uze uqonde ukuba ukufa amajoni ezininzi ziya kuba nantsingiselo. Unyanzelekile ukuba enze intando kakumkani, unika umyalelo lokuhlasela. Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo - ngokunxaxha nibuye umva, ezingenakulinganiswa ivingcwe, - Wothuka akulungele ukuyoyisa le jikelele.

Impi yase Borodino

Ngethuba kwidabi ukuba umphathi yelizwe kwi intloko yomkhosi Russian lonke Kutuzov kukuthi, umfanekiso kwi inoveli "War Noxolo" nto leyo kule meko alisilingene lungqinelane ingqikelelo njani ukuba abe yinkokheli yokwenene yasemkhosini. Kubonakala ukuba akhangele nje yaye akenzi nto kakhulu. Enyanisweni akunjalo. Umbhali wavakalisa sengqondo yakhe yokuziphatha Mihaila Illarionovicha ngokusebenzisa indlela yezenzo zakhe Andrey Bolkonsky. Yiloo nto ke umthetheli ucinga olwandulela edabini ukuba: "Yena [Kutuzov] akazange eze nayo nantoni na, musa kuthatha nto, kodwa yena uya kuphulaphula, ukuba ukukhumbula yonke into, wabeka yonke endaweni yayo, akukho luncedo umntu ayinakukukhathaza yaye akazange avumele yingozi. Uyaqonda ukuba kukho into enkulu ukuthanda kwakhe ... "Loo nto yaba isimo salo amajoni isigqibo isiphumo ekulweni. Eneneni, uxolo lwengqondo Kutuzov nangoko kutshintshelwa amagosa kunye namajoni. Ngenxa kwindawo esebenzayo Imbono kweli dabi Borodino umkhosi Russian iphumelele uloyiso yokuziphatha phezu isiFrentshi, apho ngokwaneleyo ukuze isigqibo isiphumo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Council e Fili

Undoqo ekuqondeni isimilo Kutuzov waqalisa ngokuhlwa emva kwedabi Borodino. Council kwi Fili kuboniswa ngalo amehlo intombazana encinane akazange akwazi ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuloo ndlu. Kodwa nangoko wabona Mihaila Illarionovicha, ngubani babembiza uTatomkhulu. Wayefuna kabi ukuba impikiswano ezingemnandi Bennigsen yakhe akancedi.

Umbuzo real yokusombulula kakhulu: ukunika edabini kukaNapoleon okanye ukushiya eMoscow. Uninzi iinjengele ndawonye waqonda ukuba idabi entsha kwakuthetha ukuba wonke umkhosi Russian ukufa kunqandwa, kodwa Kutuzov wafumana nesibindi ukujongana Bennigsen kwaye athathe uxanduva isigqibo ngokwalo: "... ukuba ... amandla, wandinika nokumkani kunye labo, mna - I-odola Ayi. " Yena, indoda Russian ngokwenene, indlela "capital engcwele wamandulo eMoscow", kodwa xa weza awayihlangula yonke yomkhosi kunye lizwe, yena ingqalelo eli dini ugwetyelwe.

Kutuzov indawo phakathi kwezinye izinto ezikhoyo inoveli zembali

inoveli Epic - umfanekiso omkhulu ubomi Russian kwithuba elide. Ibali iintsapho ezintathu amanene ezindilekileyo, ubukumkani Alexander I , aziwayo kuzo zonke iinguqulelo Speransky, eRashiya ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni nxamnye kukaNapoleon eMpuma Yurophu kunye Patriotic War of 1812 kunyaka - ezi ziganeko usixelela kumsebenzi wakhe Tolstoy. "War Noxolo" - ngokwenene enye imisebenzi omkhulu inkcubeko Russian kunye nehlabathi.

Kodwa onke amanani zembali Kutuzov kuphela esoloko yonke ebangela ubani uvelwano kunye nokuvunywa nombhali. Oku akukho ngozi. Ukuba Alexander I, uNapoleon kunye nezinye iinjengele oyicingayo kuqala malunga udumo lwabo nokuba namandla, uMikhail Kutuzov kwindawo yokuqala ibeka ezilungileyo lokhokho. Emva kokuba ibhunga e Fili wacinga kuye ngeentuthumbo nzima: "Xa ... wagqiba ukuba ekhohlo eMoscow" kwaye ukulungisa le meko, wayelungele nantoni na. Kuba Tolstoy, umphathi waba isimntwiso zomoya ebantwini, umfuziselo ngokuthanda lokwenyaniso.

Ukufa Kutuzov

Emva kokuba ukugxothwa yomkhosi French ukusuka eRashiya imfuneko umphathi onjalo oyintloko, oko Kutuzov, ngokutsho Tolstoy, unyamalele. Ngoku, amajoni, ophefumlelwe uloyiso yakhe, wakwazi kunokukhokelela kwelinye ngqwayi. A "ummeli abantu Russian" ngexesha eRashiya ifikelele "iqondo eliphezulu yobuqaqawuli bobuso bakhe", "nto iyenye ukuyenza. Representative of War the People kaThixo nto iseleyo kodwa kukufa. "

Kodwa Kutuzov - nomfanekiselo inoveli "War Noxolo", elikhunjulwa ngonaphakade - wahlala kwimbali Russian, inkokeli omkhulu wamajoni, owaphumelela enkosi ngobulumko bakhe kunye namava, nokuqonda kunye nobukrelekrele yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uthando mda ukuba lokhokho kunye nokholo isimo salo abantu ukuba aphumelele kwabakhulu uloyiso ngayo kwimbali yoluntu.