Imbongi Dzhon Donn: engobomi, ubuchule kunye nobomi lobuqu

Dzhon Donn wazalwa eLondon ngo 1572 (phakathi 23,01 no 19.06). Uyise umthengisi enempumelelo. Wafa xa uYohane nkqu iminyaka emine. Ntombi wemidlalo kunye Imbongi D. Haywood ngumama wakhe. Phakathi ookhokho bakhe, yena waba naye T. Insha.

ixesha uqeqesho, ukwala ukuthatha isifungo

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-12, Dzhon Donn wabhalisa e Oxford University (in Hart Hall). Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva wafudukela eCambridge. Donne akazange ukungena eyunivesithi isidanga. Mhlawumbi, kunye nokwamkelwa kwakusasa, kunye ukwaliwa nokuzaliswa olusesikweni uqeqesho ngenxa yokuba Donne wayeza ungafungi isigxina wayenempembelelo Church of England. Bebuzwa nakweyiphi isidanga efunekayo ngexesha nesifungo sakhe. Noko ke, ngokuba yamaKatolika wayengacingi.

Ukuya kwamanye amazwe

Donn, eshiya eyunivesithi, sihambe ixesha elithile eSpeyin Italy. Malunga ubomi bakhe omncinane iyaziwa phambi ngo-1591 wabhalisa komthetho corporation phantsi kwegama "Tavis Inn". Emva konyaka wafudukela kwenye Donne - "Inn Lincoln kaThixo", apho wahlala kangangeminyaka emithathu.

UYohane 1596-97 biennium. Wayengomnye i "namanenekazi-amavolontiya" ababengamalungu i "ulutsha yegolide ' yaye aya kuba Earl of Essex, ethandwayo phakathi kwabantu, xa uhambo Pirate nxamnye Cádiz. Ke apho ngomkhombe, baya Azores, kwi kakubi lombutho "iphulo Island." Eli phulo ke bakhuthaza ukuba ganga ngoku iinqanawa Spanish ebuya ebuncwaneni America.

John kwaziwe

umsebenzi Donna ngayo kwiminyaka emi-4 ezayo iye yaba nempumelelo. Waze onyulwe ilungu lepalamente ngo-1601. Donn wayesaziwa imbongi, hayi ukuchwetheza umgca enye. Ibhalwe iprozi "zango kunye Iingxaki" owayephila imangaliseke njengoko ezama ukuvuselela iifom classical (epigram ivesi umyalezo uvuthondaba uthando elegy).

umtshato Secret kunye neziphumo zawo

Dzhon Donn ngoJanuwari 1602 ngasese watshata Anne Moore, intombazana eneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ubudala. Uyise wazama ukwenza ukuba icandelo elisandula-in-mthetho ithunyelwe entolongweni. Kwafuneka ukuba bahlale entolongweni Fleet, kwakunye ulahlekelwa yindawo yawo kwinkonzo umgcini Matywina. kwaphuma Donne entolongweni, wayekhe angasebenzi. Phantse komiswa ngokupheleleyo up his legacy-kanye okuqinileyo. Phakathi 1602 ngo 1615 - iminyaka lithemba kunye kakhulu. Donn Ndasingasinga lilambathayo ukusebenzisa iitalente zabo.

abantwana elinambini Anne wamzalela kuye, Lowo asixhenxe asinda unina wakhe, wafa ngo-1617. kwiminyaka 2-3 yokuqala Donna yayihlala emizalwaneni yomfazi Surrey. Ngowe-1605 bafudukela indlu Mitchum, kufuphi London.

iinzame abangaphumelelanga ukusebenzisa iitalente zabo

Ngokucokisekileyo yaye ixesha elide Dzhon Donn imfundo yezenkolo, umthetho Canon kunye nembali ibandla. Wanceda T. Morton, owathi kamva waba Bishop of Durham kule minyaka 1605-07, ekudalweni imibhalo polemical xandzukela yamaKatolika. Morton kamva 1607 thembisa ukufika omhle Donna, ukuba yokugqibela egqiba ukuthatha imiyalelo ezingcwele. Noko ke, uYohane nangoku kulindeleke ukuba enze umsebenzi wempangelo. Yena wazama ukuthabatha indawo nguNobhala - kuqala e Ireland, ngoko - in Virginia. Wazama Donne kwakhona ukufumana isithuba endisisigidimi eVenice The Hague. Ngelo xesha ziye obukhulu ezininzi uthando yesihobe, uninzi lwemibongo zonqulo, kwakunye, nasezincwadini obuphezulu ziyahambisana apho.

Umbhalo, ngazo Donna waqalisa ukuya phambili emsebenzini

Ngowe-1610 kwafika umsebenzi wokuqala epapashwe kuYohane "nkolo Ngengqondo." Kuye kwanikezelwa King James. Le ncwadi bazisa ukuziphendulela okuqaqambileyo kwakhe isifungo isigxina isithsaba IsiNgesi, apho kunyanzelekile ukuba amaKatolika emva kokuba isehlo kwi-1605 kwazo Plot. Dzhon Donn wavuzwa lo msebenzi ngesidanga Master of Arts eziphambili Oxford University. Ukumkani ukususela esidlangalaleni yathi uYohane uya kukhuthaza inkonzo, ukuba ugqiba ukukhetha amakhondo yobufundisi. Donne kulo nyaka wafumana, ekugqibeleni, saint umxhasi. Baba R. Drury. Kweli xesha ukususela ngoNovemba 1611 ngo-Agasti 1612, wayehamba naye amazwe. Emva wabuya Donne, wafudukela nentsapho yakhe endlwini, ibekwe kwi Drury Lane. UYohane waphila apha de 1621.

Nolungelelaniso ukuya ububingeleli, imisebenzi yokufundisa

"Ucwaningo yenkolo", wadala kwixesha eliphakathi 1611 no 1615 ngonyaka, anike ingcamango yokuba abhalwe umntu kubizwa ngokuba kakhulu bazilungisa inkonzo ibandla. Donn January 23, 1615 wamiswa umbingeleli kunye umdikoni. Korol Yakov wenza enye abefundisi. Wayeqiniseka ukuba Donn wawongwa ngesidanga Doctor weYunivesithi yaseCambridge Theology nayo. Enye uninzi lwamasebe esiphambili e-London, yena unikwe ngo-1616. Donn kwafuneka ukuba bafundise abadala kwemfundiso "Inn Lincoln kaThixo" - close ngokusemthethweni.

Ukugula kwaye ncwadi isekelwe phezu ngamava amatsha

King ekupheleni kuka 1621 amisiweyo uYohane umphathi Cathedral iSt uPawulos. imibongo ezincinane Donn wadala kwixesha inkonzo apha ebandleni. Kodwa ngo-1624 wapapasha "Imithandazo kunye namasiko lwamatyala ukhutshwe", ngokwasengqondweni astute ezele kwempixano. Le ingxelo malunga nokugula, nto leyo eye yaba phantse akubulali, leyo ubunzima 1623. Esi sifo iye yaba njengesipili imeko yokomoya John Donne. Wabona uxhomekeke kwi ubabalo lukaThixo. Dzhon Donn wafa Matshi 31, 1631 eLondon.

Neentshumayelo nemibongo ngu John Donne

Yena ukudlulisela unyana wakhe iintshumayelo ngaphezulu kwama-160. Nyana epapashwe kubo imiqulu-3. washumayela Dzhon Donn, ngokukhetha iminxeba kunye Ukunxusa ngokwentlambululo yokuziphatha kwabantu beqiqa malunga kuphikisana ezikhoyo kule mfundiso, onahluleyo kwezinya ukusuka Roman Catholic Church of England. Nangona uhlalutyo ngenyameko zenzululwazi iindawo ezahlukeneyo eSibhalweni, nesigama maxa wambi Latinized kunye kwezivakalisi, xa iintshumayelo zakhe, unako ukufumana osisityebi imifanekiso efanayo kunye kumnandi, uphawu kwimibongo yakhe. Intshumayelo Donna, kunye umthandazo yafumana kuye udumo luhleli ngokwenza enye iinkosi kakhulu iprozi IsiNgesi.

Bambalwa kakhulu nobuganga ukupapasha umbongo Dzhon Donn. imibongo zakhe ziye Wayefuna ukuba khetha isangqa. Bona lubonakala ngokuba ilizwi lobuqu kakhulu, oluninzi amacebo, kwakunye nezinye iindlela ukuba eziziimpawu intetho lokuhlala incoko yehlabathi. Konke oku kuvumela ukuba sithi kwisangqa emxinwa abantu zibhekiswa sonnets Dzhon Donn kunye neminye imibongo. Namhlanje umsebenzi wakhe olufikelekayo kubo bonke abantu.

Kwilizwe lethu elalidume kakhulu ukukhasa Dzhon Donn. Brodsky, umzekelo, enikezelwe kuye: "Mkhulu Elegy". igama lakhe, ke, ivakaliswa kuphela iincwadi Russian. Kakhulu namhlanje eyaziwa kakuhle eMoscow pub "Dzhon Donn" (Taganka). Njengoko ubona, oku ubhetyebhetye othandwayo umbhali IsiNgesi kunye imbongi kwilizwe lethu.