Kutheni France - wesihlanu Republic: imbali igama

Ibali akuyona entsha, xa ilizwe unjengomntu, ngaphandle igama, itayitile esemthethweni, engafani, ngokungacwangciswanga. Malibongwe igama Canada - "Ilizwe kwegqabi maple" - kufuneka awucacise awohluke ze ukwakhiwa amahlathi avuthulukayo belizwekazi North American, kodwa eminye imizekelo ezingalindelwanga kangaka. Ngokomzekelo, kutheni France - Fifth Republic, okanye, yithini, China, abemi bayo bazibiza China? Roots - kwimbali.

Imizekelo emabalini

Nanku ke umzekelo ekufutshane. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala emva kokuba uKristu iRoma yamandulo waba yindawo negwiba ngamaKristu okuqala. Ke zibanjwe zizihlwele bakhona, ndaphulukana ukuba iwonga, ingqukuva ongamiselwanga zehlabathi abangamaKristu eConstantinople. Yaye ngenkulungwane XV, esi "sixeko izixeko", okanye eRoma Lwesibini, wawa waza waba yinxalenye Ottoman kunye nenkxaso uba iceba endaweni emnqamlezweni.

Kwaye ngeli xesha thina uyise kaYohane IV, ngokuba inzala ka "the esibi", Vasily III, kwakufuneka kakubi inkalo ezongezelelweyo ekumanyaniseni lizwe kunye nabantu - Russia emva ukuwa Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe waba evela kurhulumente ethile feudal yedwa kwilizwe enamandla. Vasily III Ukuthatha baxhamla kule meko (ukuba isayinwe Union, uhlanganise Eastern kunye neecawa zamaKristu Western), wayibeka phezu isihloko ikomkhulu Rome yesiThathu.

Sizama ukuphendula umbuzo kutheni France kuthiwa Fifth Republic. Imbali kweli lizwe ngokusondeleyo edibene elithi "kwiriphabliki", kunye neziganeko eFransi ubukhulu becala wagqiba ikhondo iziganeko kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu.

Enyanisweni, impendulo yombuzo kutheni France ibizwa Fifth Republic ilula - eli lizwe ezintlanu loMgaqo-siseko. Yaye ngoko kwenzeka ukuba inani uxwebhu oluphambili lokufundisa yelizwe wenza "ubale" futhi le ndawo.

French Republic wokuqala

Ekuqaleni kwimbali Republican yaseFransi ngokuqinisekileyo ingaqatshelwa French Revolution, aphawula kuthinjwe ngumsindo abahlali undoqo eli lizwe kunye uphawu igunya yobukumkani, i Bastille malivakale ka1789. Xa bebuzwa ukuba kutheni France - Fifth Republic namhlanje, ngelo xesha kwimo wotshintsho nemfazwe yamakhaya, abaninzi mbali banoxanduva phantse Marx.

Ukuyisonga bazisa isikhewu eliyingozi lokuphumelela amalungelo le izangqa abalawulayo kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo. Enye into yaba phambi kophuhliso yelizwe abakumgangatho ophakathi, leyo into ukulahlekelwa, yaye ngubani wayezimisele ukuba baphakame balwele amalungelo abo kunye nenkululeko.

Ngaphezu koko, njengokuba sisazi, walandelwa le yokubulawa ubuyele ihlazo eParis, wazama ukubaleka uKumkani uLouis XVI, ngokubulawa yonke indlu yakomkhulu kunye isibhengezo weRiphabliki - wokuqala French Republic.

Ukusuka Robespierre ekubuyiselweni post-Napoleonic

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Republic First ixesha enilichithe - de 1804, ngoxa France akazange abe lobukhosi ikhokelwa uNapoleon.

Iziganeko ke iphokoka uphondo yendyebo :

• ekuthatheni amandla Bonaparte;
• ukuyilwa uBukhosi French ;
• ekubulaleni ekuthiwa-umkhosi omkhulu babeziindleko of Russia;
• uthotho nokubuyiselwa olulandelelanayo amandla yasebukhosini kunye yeenguqu ezintsha.

Kutheni France, Fifth Republic, njengoko kunjalo ngoku kuthiwa, kwimbali yawo abanamava neziphithiphithi ezininzi kangaka kunye ubuyela ukumkani? Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba, ngokubanzi, eli lizwe yokuqala ehlabathini ukuba benze utshintsho bashenxe ngamandla olungagungqiyo umntu omnye iifom inkqubela ngakumbi karhulumente.

Yaye ukususela 1848 ukuya 1852 kwakukho Republic Second nenguqulo yalo-siseko, ke ekugqibeleni Wababekela omnye ukubuyiselwa. Phezu kwetrone wahlala yayizalwa Bourbons, kunye France waphinda waba umbuso.

Ukusekwa kwawa weRiphabliki Third ukuba ityala Germany

Imbali weRiphabliki yesiThathu ithatha ukubhukuqwa kumkani yokugqibela isisiFrentshi-1870 phambi kokuba umsebenzi yaseFransi ngo-1940 ngu imikhosi kaHitler. IMVELAPHI ukutshintsha inkqubo-siseko esezingeni - amandla bodwa ukusuka enje kweli lizwe.

Imihla wokulawula umlawuli yokugqibela France babalwayo emva kokuphela okuhlazisayo le Franco-German War of 1870, xa UNapoleon III bakwazi ukuba anikezele kweenjengele Prussia, kunye nomkhosi wakhe wonke. Kamsinya nje iindaba weza eParis, phantse ubusuku kwagqitywa yokuphelisa ukumkani kunye nokusekwa Republic yesiThathu.

Ngoko ke, ndawonye ukumkani eFransi kwalo, kodwa yonke enye kutheni France - 5 Republic, kwaye hayi wesithathu?

I post-imfazwe yehlabathi

Ekupheleni yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi ngo-1946, eli lizwe, ezifana nabanye abaninzi, bamatasa zokwakha lwangaphakathi. Kucacile ukuba ihlabathi utshintshile lukhulu. Izimiso abantu ababephila ngaphambi, akazange ahlangabezane neengxaki kunye neemfuno modernity.

Ngowe-1946, France yabamba-zimvo, nto leyo urhulumente uye waba wepalamente. Kungenxa yoko le nto France Fifth Republic uyakuhlala karhulumente apho inkulumbuso enobunzima ngokufanayo ixabiso mongameli.

"Eqhutywa" nedemokhrasi

French Republic wesine ngempumelelo eyaqhubeka de-1958, xa kwakukho isiganeko wabonisa ukuba amandla zobunene ngokugqithiseleyo kulungile xesha.

Kwenzeka ntoni? Kufuneka ke ukuba eFransi, lwentando yesininzi ngaphakathi, Noko ke, wahlala kangangoko amandla yobukoloniyali de 1980. Ngowe-1958, loo mnyaka omnye kumathanga zayo - Algeria - imvukelo kwavuka. Lo mcimbi ngokubanzi, eziqhelekileyo, kodwa umphumo neryadovoe - amajoni wathumela kuwoyisa mvukelo, engavumi ukuthobela urhulumente kunye, phezu koko, musa ukuzama ukumisela iimeko neemfuno namandla.

Ngunozala-siseko omtsha wayeyindoda likwazile ukuze iphelise loo ngxaki sele kumbovu kweli lizwe kwaye ubuyisele uxolo kweli lizwe - a ozithandayo abaninzi French elikhulu yezopolitiko Sharl De Goll. Kungenxa yoko le nto France - Fifth Republic. Iimpawu ze-siseko omtsha - ukomeleza indima ngumongameli wayixhalabelayo amagama isigqibo iPalamente kunye ophambili nokubaluleka kwenkululeko wedemokhrasi.