Imbali yeglasi tumbler. Ceba ukuba xa?

Kakhulu kunzima ukufumana usapho ubuncinane omnye lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, nto leyo engazange zigcinwe neelokhari zabo ekhitshini isibini, okanye ngaphezulu, wonqanyulwa, iindondo. Le Ware nto yenye iisimboli xesha kude. Okwangoku, inkoliso musa ukusebenzisa kwabo, kodwa musa ukuphosa liphuma isandla. Imbali iglasi tumbler, owasungula xa - lonke olu lwazi uyafundiswa imfihlelo namabali. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukuyisombulula yonke phandle.

Amavo malunga ngemvelaphi yeglasi okubalwa

Uninzi izinto kunye nezinto era Soviet ezininzi yamandulo malunga nemvelaphi yayo. Angawaconganga elibandakanyekayo kuyo kunye ezaziwayo-kakuhle iglasi okubalwa. Imbali yayo indalo yenza yakhe kwilivo ezininzi. Nazi ezinye zazo bahamba ngeenxa inkangeleko yayo.

1. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba igama Vera Mukhina omkhulukazi. Lo inkosi owayila sculpture "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl". Ngoko ke, ngokutsho legend enye, waba - indoda owasungula iglasi okubalwa. Kukholelwa ukuba le wasiza umyeni wakhe oyintanda, ngokuhlwa elide babenobuhlobo ukusela okanye asele ezimbini ezinxilisayo.
2. Amaninzi akathandi uguqulelo apho isandla sakhe kwiglasi tumbler fyabo iqhotyoshelweyo injineli eSoviet uNikolay Slavyanov. Yena waba inkosi kwemigodi, ngoko waba ngunjingalwazi yokwakheka komhlaba. Xa isangqa kubahlobo bakhe nabazana, waziwa ngenxa yezinto kummandla arc uphawu lwe castings ugesi. Oku yokufaneleka kwalo kubalelwa ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu uphuhliso kushishino metallurgical eSoviet vremya.Pervonachalno Slavyanov wacela ukwenza iglasi, isinyithi, kunye iinketho eziqulethwe nomzobo amanqaku 10, 20 kunye namacala-30. Kungoko ke kuphela Mukhina wacela ukuba avelise iglasi ekwimo yeglasi.
3. Enye ilejendi lichaza njani ohlalele apho kwiglasi. Imbali sendalo ehlobene wayo ngexesha uPetros Omkhulu. Enye inkosi Vladimir glassmaking, Yefim Smolin, thaca isipho kukumkani iglasi njengoqinisekiso ukuba kube nzima ukuyeka. UPetros basela iwayini kulo, bayiphosa emhlabeni, bevakalisa nje la mazwi: ". Ube iglasi" Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, waziqhekeza kweglasi. Noko ke, irhuluneli zange abonakalise umsindo wakhe. Ukususela ngoko, kwabakho isiko azibethe izitya ngexesha emthendelekweni.

Phi elithi "iglasi"

Hayi nje imbali iglasi tumbler ngendlela engacacanga ngokuphikisana, kodwa ke igama into uye izimvo ezimbalwa malunga nemvelaphi yayo.

Ukusuka data yembali kwakusazeka ukuba ngenkulungwane ye-17 yaba izitya, leyo zazenziwe amacwecwe amancinane akramnceleyo, namakhonkco enxulumene, yaye wabizwa ngokuba "dostakany". Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba eli lizwi izibuko igama cut.

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, ilizwi livela zamaTurkic, zibe ukusebenzisa amagama afana "dastarkhan" Amasuntswana itafile iholide, yaye "tustygan" ngolo lwimi - isitya. Ukususela indibanisela yale magama mabini, yaye kwakukho kwiglasi isihloko, nayo leyo waqalisa ukusetyenziswa.

I glass lokuqala Soviet

Imbali iiglasi nesindindeneyo eRashiya iqala ngo-1943, xa kuqaliswa-mveliso iglasi UGus-Crystal nezipili ummeli yokuqala zomkhosi. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uhlobo loo nto nje artist iingcinga, kodwa kubalulekile.

Kubonakala ukuba nkqu ngaloo mihla kwakukho njengesicocisi kuqala ukuba unako ukwenza umsebenzi wabo kuphela xa shi izitya zabo imilo ethile kunye nobukhulu. Ngoko ke ndaba ukuvelisa iglasi kunye ubuso kunokuba kweendonga setyhula.

Ukuvela 'owolunye uhlanga' in Russian

Ngokutsho ulwazi zembali, ngo-1943 kumgca yemveliso-mveliso iglasi UGus-Crystal Andizanga ummeli lokuqala iindondo aqingqiweyo yaye yahlaziywa ubudala. Imbali iglasi aqingqiweyo (16 ubuso) ubanga ukuba wabonakala kakhulu ixesha elide.

Siye weza le nto engenazitya kwi USSR, kodwa eRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-17. Ubungqina kunjalo avuleke yokuqokelelwa Hermitage.

Qinisekisa kudala ngemvelaphi iiglasi kunye ukukhankanywa okhethekileyo mfundiso emkhosini, eyapapashwa nguPawulos I ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha. Ngoxa umlawuli uzama ukuguqula umkhosi, leyo kude qwa ngokupheleleyo yaye wayalela iglasi nesindindeneyo ukunciphisa idosi yemihla ngemihla iwayini, leyo wathembela amajoni emkhosini.

Kukholelwa ukuba kwimbali iglasi tumbler esidityaniswe kungekhona Russia. ubungqina Excellent - lo mfanekiso ze Diego Velaskasa "Breakfast."

Phezu kwetafile kunokubonwa iglasi ohlalele, ubuso kuphela ezithe nkqo enhle kancinane. Ukuba ukhangela Ngexesha lokubhala, ukupeyinta, kwaye ke kule minyaka 1617-1618, kukhuselekile ukuthi kwiglasi nesindindeneyo, imbali yayo sinxulumana eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

Le nyaniso ingqinwa yokuba izibuko mveliso indlela eyasetyenziswa kwi-USSR, lwasungulwa kuphela ngo-1820 - ngokucinezela indlela. Kuqaliswe imveliso nokusetyenziswa kwale yeteknoloji sele phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, yaye eRashiya Kwathi kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Yintoni imfihlelo iglasi high amandla?

zibuko eSoviet obukhulu kuphela ukuba i imilo ekhululekile kwaye andahexa esandleni sakho, kodwa babomelele kunene. Oku kufikelelwe onesidima Ebubanzini bodonga, kwakunye ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezizodwa.

okubonakalayo ukuba ukwenziwa indebe yeglasi nesindindeneyo eyayivutyelwa kwiqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi enkulu degrees 1400-1600, ngoko ke inkqubo ukudutyulwa lwaqhutywa yi faceting kunye technologies ezizodwa. Kwakukho ixesha xa sisincoko ukuba lokuvelisa ukwandisa amandla wongezelela lead jikelele ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni yeglasi cut.

Ukuveliswa izibuko aqingqiweyo

Kwi-mveliso iglasi baqalisa ukuvelisa iindondo ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo kunye nenani ezahlukeneyo ubuso. Lo mqulu akwazi iyahluka ukusuka ml-50 ukuya kuma-250, yaye ubuso yayivela-8 ukuya kweli-14.

Imbali classical uthe imveliso yeglasi ohlalele ml 250 nokuba facets-10. Nayo ngokuchanileyo umlinganiselo umlinganiselo onguwo iimveliso ezomileyo kunye ulwelo.

Xa nenani-80 kwi iglasi mveliso baqalisa ukutshintsha izixhobo ngaphandle, kwaba neziphumo zokulahlekekelwa ngeempawu eqhelekileyo yeglasi ohlalele.

Glass, leyo kude kube lelo xesha wayebalasele iyahlala kakhulu, ukumelana utshintsho lobushushu kwaye ziyawa etafileni, waqalisa ngothanda kwicala ngalinye. Abanye wawa emazantsi. Ngumtyholwa uthathwa kophulwa zobugcisa mveliso.

Iimpawu usike izibuko

Ngaphandle kokuba kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga owasungula iglasi nesindindeneyo, imbali, kwaye ukuvela eRashiya nayo eziphikisanayo, zonke iimpawu ezifanayo kuhlala injalo. Kwaye zahlukile kwezo zezinye izinto ezifanayo.

• Sangqa inxalenye ophezulu - ukususela 7.2 ukuya 7.3 cm.
• Netoti ezantsi iglasi - 5.5 cm.
• Ukuphakama imveliso njengokwasesipilini yi iisentimitha 10.5.
• Inani yobuso rhoqo 16 okanye 20.
• Ezigudle umphezulu negilasi, ububanzi apho - ukusuka cm 1.4 ukuya 2.1.

Zonke nezipili leSoviet, ekuveliseni kwi glassworks ezahlukeneyo, babe neempawu ezifana.

Glass tumbler basebenzisa phezu kwezinye izinto ezifanayo

Owayesakuba yiSoviet Union iglasi nesindindeneyo isagquba, ngenxa izinto zabo phezu noogxa babo.

1. Akunamsebenzi zidlule kwetafile, umzekelo, enqanaweni ngexesha isiphakamiso ewa kunye namaza.
2. Athandwa ngazo kumaziko okutya ngenxa ngamandla yalo phezulu.
3. Lovers ukusela utywala owakhethwa kwisifundo, njengokuba kwaba lula ukwabelana ibhotile ye ezintathu. Xa ugalela ulwelo ukuya undi, ibekwe kwi iglasi nje sesithathu ibhotile isiqingatha-ilitha.
4. Glass ihleli xa lehla ukusuka kumphakamo endilisekileyo. Oku kungenxa ngamandla nje phambi ubuso ukuba lo propati iglasi krobo.

ubomi Modern ngeglasi aqingqiweyo

Ukuba ngamaxesha Soviet, iglasi nesindindeneyo iye ngumnyhadala zonke ekhitshini, kodwa ngoku ukufumana izitya into enjalo asinto ilula kakhulu. Yonke into kuchazwe into yokuba uninzi mveliso zeglasi ngumsebenzi le mveliso.

Kwi mveliso e UGus-Crystal, apho, njengoko Ibali lithi, iglasi nesindindeneyo, wakhululwa ngomhla ummeli lokuqala nesindindeneyo, enye iindondo ukuba ngaphaya ngokupheleleyo, ingeyo okubalwa. abameli ithuba eSoviet wavelisa kuphela phantsi ngokomyalelo.

Ke kaloku, ngenxa yesizathu esithile iglasi nesindindeneyo kukuba ukonwabisa ababukeli kunye edumileyo. yingxonde Ngo-2005, ekubhiyozeleni isixeko Izhevsk yakhiwa phantse-2.5 ubude iindondo aqingqiweyo eemitha. On enjalo isakhiwo uye indebe 2024. Le mbono wayekwiqela distillery.

ulwazi olunomdla kwiglasi okubalwa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na ibali kwiglasi ohlalele eRashiya, oko akusoloko kuphela isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona. Elinesoya, umnikazi-esidala wafumana ngamanye amaxesha izicelo kakhulu engalindelekanga.

1. Ukusetyenziswa idumileyo - usikwe ngoncedo okusilelayo ngenxa amadombolo, amadombolo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ububanzi enkulu, koko wathabatha iglasi enkulu kunye esitoreni ezisetyenziswayo, xa kukho imfuneko. Nangona yokuba ngoku kukho ezininzi Unezixhobo ukuququzelela le nkqubo, omama ezininzi yaye engasekho esetyenziselwa le glasi ubudala kwaye lizinzile.
2. iglasi nesindindeneyo kwi ekhitshini iSoviet yaba sisixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo sokubala. Izintlelo amakhulu walinganisa iimveliso okupheka ukupheka ayikho grams, kunye iindondo.
3. Kakhulu engaqhelekanga - ukusetyenziswa sika-iglasi njenge dehumidifier. Ke kusoloko kubonakala nasekumeni ebusika phakathi Injengokubengezela kabini. Esipilini wagalela ityiwa ukuba iifestile musa ngumkhenkce. Ngoku yaye kuya kusanda ngokwanda endaweni ngokhuni kwi windows banxibe izingxobo zeplastiki wethu, ngoko beka iglasi ohlalele kwakhona.
4. Cottagers ukuziqhelanisa ukuba usebenzise tumblers esikiweyo-iglasi zitholana ezikhulayo. Bajonga ezihle ngakumbi ukukholisa, musa ukuyishiya trash ngasemva, ngokungafaniyo iikomityi afanayo.
5. Glass ingasetyenziswa ukuba umboniso we ngezenzeko enombala: ukuba ugalele amanzi kwaye ufake itispuni, kubonakala ukuba abaqobekileyo bekhululekile kuye.

Nantsi ukusetyenziswa iindondo lwalusenziwa kwi leSoviet, nangona ezinye iindlela isicelo wasinda kwaye ngoku, kwaye akukho namnye kulo mzekelo ayibonisi owasungula iglasi okubalwa. Amakhitshi mihla ezishelfini flaunts izitya mihla, apho kusilungele, ngakumbi ukuzijonga kuthelekiswa ngeglasi nesindindeneyo, kodwa angaphangeliyo ezininzi, ukuba pantries yabo lwepaki onjalo Musa ukungxama ukuba ayibulale.

Facts about glass

Kukho ezinye izibakala ixhume ngeglasi okubalwa. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. Iindleko ezinjalo izitya kuxhomekeka kwinani ubuso. Glass facets 10 penny malini 3 no-16 iinkalo - 7 eesenti. Kwinani iinkalo umthamo uzimele, wayesoloko wahlala elifanayo - ml 250.
2. Nokwanda benxilile e Moldova ezinxulumene glass okubalwa. data Historical kwenza kube lula ukwazi ukuba phambi kokuba wenkululeko yeli lizwe ukusuka amaNazi yi amajoni yiSoviet basela abemi kancinane 50 ml zeendebe, Russian wazisa ebanzi (250 ml) zibuko zamafu.
3. iglasi Soviet nesindindeneyo edume ngokuba "Malenkovskaya". Malenkov UNobhala lezoKhuselo ukhuphe umyalelo, njengoko apho lijoni sikhutshwe ml 200 yevodka. Nangona lo mthetho zange kube kudala, kodwa iinkumbulo ezininzi.

Nazi ezinye iinyani leyo zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa ngeglasi okubalwa.

iglasi Feast tumbler

Siye sahlolisisa nesizathu ngokweenkcukacha Walikhumbula iglasi nesindindeneyo (imbali, ubuso bangaphi), kodwa kuvela, le tableware na iholide yayo.

minyaka yonke Uthi ngomhla we-11 kuSeptemba. Lo mhla wakhethwa hayi ngaphandle sizathu, kule mini kwi-mveliso iglasi UGus-Crystal waqalisa ngobuninzi ezi zinto izitya. Le holide ithathwa umhla esemthethweni lo, kunoko, holide kazwelonke, ngoko edibene akukho isiko mnandi kakhulu.

Abantu Russian akusoloko musa engqondweni ukufumana indlela eya ukuphumla phezu iglasi yesiselo esinxilisayo, yaye emva koko, njengokuba oyinto, lweholide, isono ukuba kusela. Nantsi into omele uzilindele umkhosi onjalo.

• Izibuko aqingqiweyo ebekumele ukuba basele ivodka kuphela kunye nezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo akukho ndlela enxulumene nale cookware.
• Ethululwayo akufuneki abe yedwa, kodwa ngaso inkampani, kuba ezinxulumene iglasi nesindindeneyo elithi "figure ezintathu."
• Enye izithethe le holide na qhiphu "iqhawe" Umbhiyozo phantsi.
• Kuya kuba kuhle ukuba sikhumbule ukuba izibuko wamsika kumzi entle iti othululwayo, ijeli, isiselo kunye namanzi. Wonke ukhumbula iindebe ezifana kwi cupholders kwi zimoto kaloliwe.

Sinokuthi phakathi ingqiqo ka "iglasi kunqunyulwa-", "imbali welizwe lethu," uyakwazi ukubeka uphawu ngokulinganayo. Ezi ngongoma zimbini kuhlangene. Kakhulu Ndingathanda ukubona ukuba lo qambo unikwa Prize Nobel, kodwa akazange akwenze kube phawu esisigxina nawamaxesha onke.