Praxiteles le nomkroli of Greece yamandulo kunye nemisebenzi yakhe

Praxiteles - nomkroli, owayephila ngexesha Greece yamandulo. Le nomkroli odumileyo kuzise iziqalelo zobugcisa yesihobe, uye waphumelela ekudaleni ngendlela kaThixo. Kukholelwa ukuba le ndoda waba ngowokuqala ukuba badumise imisebenzi yakhe nezemarmore, ubuhle umzimba ze. Abaphandi call enkosini "umculi ababhinqileyo ngobuhle." Yintoni enye onokuyenza usixelele ngaye nemisebenzi yakhe?

Le nomkroli yamandulo Greek Praxiteles: inqqalelo oluchaza

Ngelishwa ke, ulwazi malunga nale abanetalente mntu ezincinci ezihleli. Praxiteles - nomkroli, wazalwa eAthene. Mbali baye bakwazi ukumisela umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe, kukholelwa ukuba wazalwa malunga 390 BC. Ukukhankanywa yakutshanje ye wizard, imihla ukususela 334 BC, esinceda ngayo umsebenzi wakhe e-Efese.

Praxiteles - a nomkroli, ngenxa yobomi bakhe ixesha ayi-70 ngemisebenzi, ukuba uxhomekeke kwi ulwazi lwemithombo amandulo ephakathi. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi bakwazi ngokuzithemba ukumbiza umbhali kuphela inxalenye encinane kubo.

usapho

Yintoni eyaziwayo kusapho ngale ndoda ephawulekayo? Siwisa ngazo yobhedu eqingqiweyo, ukusebenza kunye nezemarmore, wafunda kwi workshop kayise - le nomkroli Athene Kefisodota. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uyise akafumani ukuba uzuko, nto leyo ebangele ukufumana unyana abafundi. Eyona ubalaseleyo indalo yakhe - Umfanekiso sobhedu obonisa uthixokazi Eyrenu ephethe usana.

Kwakhona Praxiteles wayenoonyana ababini - Kefisodot kunye Timarchus. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba baya emanyathelweni kayise, kodwa akazange azame ukukopa kanye isimbo yakhe ekhethekileyo. Umzekelo, Kefisodot elinempumelelo kakhulu uhlobo portrait imikrolo, wadala umzobo neciko odumileyo Lycurgus.

uthando indaba

Praxiteles - nomkroli, ngubani iminyaka emininzi eyayithandana hetero Phryne omhle. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi iimpawu entokazi agqithayo, ukudala umfanekiso omhle-tempile wothixokazi. Ngokomzekelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba eli nenekazi lathatha xa wayesenza umsebenzi phezu yakhe edumileyo isithixokazi ubuhle Aphrodite ngaseKinido.

Eyaziwa portrait oqingqiweyo kunye ezimbini Thais, makangehli aye imihla yethu, apho yena.

Iimpawu art

Zeziphi izihloko ekhethwa touch kwimisebenzi yakhe buchopho Praxiteles? I nomkroli, ogama engobomi obuxoxiweyo kweli nqaku, othandekayo ukwenza imifanekiso yezithixo nezithixokazi. Kwakhona ukugcina ulwazi malunga imisebenzi, obonisa maenads, Oophunguphungu, caryatids, njalo-njalo. abafayo baba kuye ngaphantsi kakhulu nomdla.

Praxiteles isakhono bayinqule bexesha lakhe kunye nenzala, ababhali bamandulo nomkroli kuthelekiswa namanye amagcisa ezibalaseleyo ixesha, umzekelo, kunye Poliklet, Phidias. Ingakumbi nabagxeki ezixhasayo waphawula amandla akhe ukugqithisa ubuhle umzimba womntu.

ubuhle ilungele

Kwakukho Praxiteles kunye yakhe yobuhle efanelekileyo, ebethanda ukudumisa ubuhle ulutsha, nto leyo akanalo inkanuko sisingxami. UMkroli enqabile wayesebenza ezinkulu yokwenza, zakhetha ukuba kujoliswe umzekelo ngamnye imifanekiso. UMkroli akazange wabethelela izihlunu zomzimba, wakhetha ukuba baqwalasele ngesisa.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba Praxiteles - nomkroli of Greece amandulo kuqala nobuganga ukwenza umfanekiso oqingqiweyo benganxibanga Aphrodite. Kakade ke, xa inkosi bawa izityholo yekratshi, kodwa akazange anikele ingqalelo kubo. Eros laKhe uvuthondaba, ndayihluthwa zihlunu yajika yaba swii, athambekele kulutsha ukudangala. ubuso bakhe ukuba abe isisa saint kunye nenzolo.

Le Umfanekiso idumileyo

Loluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi yeyona edume abo wadala abanamakhono Praxiteles? UMkroli, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane ichazwe kweli nqaku - umbhali komsebenzi, obonisa uthixo uHermes usana yayinguDionysus. Kukholelwa ukuba lo msebenzi nje nomkroli, kwanawezayo kuthi apha yokuqala. Le Umfanekiso bufunyenwe ngethuba kwimingxuma, eziye zabanjwa e-Olympia e-1877. Noko ke, abanye abaphandi basakholelwa ukuba mfanekiso imele kuphela lokuqala-iklasi esebenza ikopi efanayo ongumdali, ngoxa yokuqala ilahlekile nobutyobo.

Le Umfanekiso wadalwa nezemarmore, liveza uthixo nguHermes, bekwayame enamathele esihlahleni. Esandleni sakhe sasekunene qela seediliya, apho isiphatho siyakrazula usana yayinguDionysus. Ngelishwa ke, nguHermes ngebrashi Ingalo engafakwanga. " Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba umsebenzi kule piece yagqitywa nama-40 iminyaka eli BC ngenkulungwane yesine.

Yintoni kanye kanye kangaka lo mfanekiso? Umsebenzi izele amandla lwangaphakathi, nto leyo egxininisa ukuba sihlale ngendlela elula iqhawe. Zijikeleza ubuso enhle uThixo wabanika nomkroli ngokomoya nokuthantamisa. Praxiteles ukuhlola ukubetha ithemba chiaroscuro, utsalela ingqalelo bokuqonda ngokungangqalanga of texture. Wakwazi ukugxininisa wabanumzana, namandla ka nguHermes, izihlunu zakhe bhetyebhetye. Unga kwakhona inqaku nokudangazela emehlweni yawo.

ikhawulelane nowayo young

Njengoko sele elicacisiweyo, i avulekile ubuhle yobutsha - kwisihloko ukuba ikakhulukazi uyakuthanda enkulu ngumdali Praxiteles. UMkroli, iifoto imisebenzi kunokubonwa kweli nqaku, udale imisebenzi emininzi, sicacisa ubuhle kolutsha. Le Umfanekiso "Yokuphumla ikhawulelane nowayo" ngomnye wabo. Lo msebenzi, apho ngelishwa ayikhange ezisagcinwe yokuqala, kodwa kwakukho ngokwaneleyo ezifanayo ezilungileyo owaqalisa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo.

Praxiteles kubonisa ubuhle of a ikhawulelane nowayo oselula, amnike ethile ekhululekile. UTshawe limi, bekwayame lo buti umthi, phezu komzimba sliding umthunzi, Bulelani apho oqingqiweyo ubonakala uphilile, ihamba. Ukufudumala ulusu ngenxa ntshikilelo kukuqhuqha ulusu kakhulu waphoswa phezu emagxeni akhe. Thina uvuthondaba look swii, uncumo ethambileyo idlala emilebeni yakhe. Esandleni sakhe sasekunene uqhuba nelembande, ngenxa yoko kuyabonakala ukuba wayevile ukuba nje umdlalo.

Sculpture "ikhawulelane nowayo ngokuligalela iwayini" Kwakhona kufanele kuphawulwe. Kuthathwa ukuba yaba kumsebenzi ekuqaleni Praxiteles. Lo mfanekiso wenziwe zobhedu, ezigcinwe kuphela ngohlobo iikopi.

Aphrodite ngaseKinido

Kakade ke, lo ngasentla echazwe lee yonke indalo emangalisayo, ibhalwe Praxiteles (nomkroli). Aphrodite ngaseKinido yenye yezona abadumileyo yemisebenzi yakhe, ubukho eyaziwa kubantu bexesha zethu. Ngelishwa, inkosi yokuqala ngendalo khange walondolozwa, kodwa abemi behlabathi lanamhlanje banethuba babubone iikopi ezininzi lo msebenzi ezikrelekrele.

Umfanekiso ingabizwa ekhethekileyo, ngoba ngaphambi Praxiteles namnye nomkroli akazange avume ukuba esimelela ngoothixokazi ze. Umfanekiso lakhe uhlobo olufanayo kukungakhankanywa kwimbali ngemvelaphi Aphrodite - isithixokazi ezintle, zivela alephuze amagwebu elwandle, ngokutsho welivo odumileyo. Heroine wayo - umfazi osele ndalahla iimpahla kunye okudada khona.

UMkroli ukwazi ngokupheleleyo ukugxininisa ubabalo umzimba uthixokazi omhle, ayinike ihlabathi sisityebi yangaphakathi. Akumangalisi ke, Aphrodite yakhe eKinido kuluhlu lwe imilonde ubalaseleyo lonke ixesha.

Okunye Aphrodite ngu Praxiteles

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba nomkroli yamandulo yesiGrike Praxiteles wakwazi ukwakha imifanekiso ezininzi uthixokazi Aphrodite. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kwenzeke kwixesha lokuqala, xa nomkroli wenza odolo FESPAM. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba lisukela emva oqingqiweyo Aphrodite of Arles, leyo bunokubonwa Louvre.

Ayikwazi ukuqala kanye oko Praxiteles Aphrodite Abuya emibini. Abaphengululi baye bafumanisa kuphela inkcazelo ukuba enye yezi misebenzi ezenziwe ngobhedu. Ngaphezulu lee yodumo ke Aphrodite ka eKosi, Ngokabani na lo mfanekiso alondolozwe wamandulo zemali. Le yothixokazi baboniswa sezihlinziwe, neenwele zakhe ezinde wawa phezu emagxeni akhe kakhulu. intloko ke yomfazi wathweswa isidanga entanyeni yakhe sasikhona yomqala.

yesithixokazi * uArtemis

uthixokazi nesibindi ngokuzingela wenzala kwakhona uphethulele ingqalelo yakhe brilliant Praxiteles wakhe (nomkroli). Yakhe imisebenzi ekuzukisweni uArtemis, bahlile beza kuthi kuphela ngohlobo iikopi. Umzekelo, i-Statue of Huntress, kwamathuba nomkroli ixesha elide kwaba amanqugwala kwakhe ime kwisixeko Antikira. Praxiteles wamambathisa umlinganiswa yakhe ingubo elifutshane esandleni sakhe wafaka itotshi.

Wehla kwimbali kunye nomnye umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka-Artemis, elalihlala engcweleni uthixokazi, nto leyo ibekwe eAthene. Kwafunyanwa ukuba lo Umfanekiso yadalwa 345 BC. Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uArtemis Gabii, nto leyo igcinwe kwi Louvre, kukho umfanekiso lo msebenzi.

Okwesithathu Artemis ngu Praxiteles wadala kudala engcwele leto. yakubo baba eqingqiweyo, apho leto uApollo zimelwe. Ngelishwa, le ifane lo msebenzi odumileyo abuyi kufunyanwa.

god Apollo

UMdali ethile sculpture odumileyo ngakumbi uthathwa ukuba Praxiteles odumileyo (nomkroli)? imisebenzi yakhe, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, inkoliso yabo beza kuthi kuphela ngokohlobo iikopi ezigqwesileyo. Ayimangalisi into yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi mbhali nomkroli wabeka abaphandi phantsi uphawu lombuzo. Ku vuriwa yini loko kuyinyaniso kuba imikrolo, ebonisa uthixo Apollo, ngubani obethe untulo.

Ikopi Kuqikelelwa yalo msebenzi ngoku phakathi imiboniso ye Louvre, phambi kokuba ahlala Villa Borghese, eRome. Young uthixo ezisemfanekisweni elirholiweyo, zayo imilo liselikho kufutshane imithi ekhwela untulo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kule meko norhoqotyeni sesona Python umlilo-uphefumlayo. Le dragon of kwiintsomi zamaGrike, owabulawa lo thixo, ukuba uyakholwa ilivo. Le ifane wadalwa ngayo kwinkulungwane yokuqala, kwathi ngemihla uBukhosi baseRoma. Kukho iikopi ezimbini ezilungileyo leyo kuza kujongwa Art Museum of Cleveland kunye imyuziyam Oliver-Clementine.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Umfanekiso original Praksitelis, oluveza uthixo Apollo, yayenziwe zobhedu. Ikopi enye, nezinye iimpawu lokuqala, wenziwa naziiperile.

Umhla kunye unobangela wokufa kuhlala imfihlelo Praxiteles, abasafuna akakwazi ukusombulula uphando.