Komhlaba lipstick - lilinge lokuqala ukwenza wengingqi self-government eRashiya

Le mvukelo yamahlwempu 1547 ngokucacileyo wabonisa imfuneko ukumanywa nabalawulayo ukuzinzisa le meko kweli lizwe. Kuthi kwakufika abantu abatsha kurhulumente Ivana Groznogo wabonakala isangqa, ekuthiwa i rada ezikhethiweyo. abameli bayo: AF Adashev, umbingeleli uSylvester kunye Metropolitan Macarius - ulonwabele nempembelelo enkulu Ivana Groznogo, kubenza ukuba babe ngabo abalawula utshintsho kwinkqubo yolawulo karhulumente.

nemeko yezembali

Exacerbation impi lwentlalo phakathi iiklasi ephezulu nesezantsi zisoloko ichazwe ekukhuleni kunye nokwandisa inani luqhankqalazo kunye lugwayimbo. Nyanzela kubo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ukuphelisa oko Ukwacinga iindimbane. Ngenxa yoko, umlebe sithe sahlaziywa kwinkulungwane XVI, abacandayo eminye imisebenzi zamasekela kunye nabameli volosteley post entsha - umhlalaphantsi. Angakhetha nabo, kwagqitywa ekubeni evela abantwana izinduna ', nokunceda abele abalimi osisityebi, ndayihluthwa kwiinginginya "nabaxhasi' ephambili ekulweni nokungalungi. komhlaba lipstick ukuba iiklasi elibusayo sebenzisa abasemagunyeni ntsha ukucinezela abalimi kunye neentetho wakukhonza.

ezintsha

Ivan Grozny wenyuka etroneni eneminyaka emithathu, ngoko ke iminyaka wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe ezinxulumene lomzabalazo alwayo ezahlukeneyo boyar ngenxa yempembelelo kwi Grand Duke oselula. Ngo-1538 i kuhlaziyo yasungulwa lipstick. Kuye sibhekiswe neerhuluneli nqanda Glinski. Ngomhla kwintsimi counties wadala isithili, ikhokelwa ngu abadala. Kunye ke abanyuliweyo the best amafama Sotk desyatskimi baza balwa kunye ubusela kunye ukuphanga, zibonwe nezo ndawo "abantu abangendawo". zohlaziyo yokuqaba ukuxhobisa abadala besenza uphando kunye nokubulawa-mthetho ezichongiweyo, kodwa eneneni - nje ukuba ukohlwaya engathandekiyo. Emva kwako eMoscow nxamnye Glinsky kwinkundla uqalisa ukwakha urhulumente omtsha. Ngowe-1549 ukumkani uthetha kubanumzana eyinkunzi kunye nabaveleli ukuyilahla kakubi aziingangamsha, nakumabamba, walwa kunye nohlaziyo into yokuqaba Ivana Groznogo. Le ntlanganiso yaba intlanganiso yokuqala ye Zemsky Sobor yaba ekuqaleni utshintsho ezitsha zeziko.

Ikhosi yoguquko

Sele kwi 1540s ngokutsha yokuqaba kokuba iye yaphunyezwa kwiingingqi ezininzi Russia, kunye neziqinisekiso yokuqala ngo-1539. Ngelo xesha eMoscow yamiselwa ukuze elinamandla, lowo inxaxheba kweliso imisebenzi zemizimba ezintsha. Kwisiqingatha sesibini XVI Russian uba ukumkani izindlu ummeli, nto leyo enika ngamandla kuphuhliso amalungu labial kwaye yenza kubo uhlobo ekuqaleni isasetyenziswa karhulumente mihla wengingqi. Ngenxa yoko, umlebe uhlaziyo Ivana Groznogo wamisela umzekelo ngakumbi amagunya yenkokheli County, nto leyo yanceda ukuba ulungise zaba balimi ukwanda. sodolophu iya kunyulwa luya kuba kufutshane nabo irhuluneli iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci.

Lipstick kunye nokuguqulwa Zemstvo - nokuqhubekeka ubhalo asakhasayo utshintsho ekuhlaleni. Wakhethwa zendawo iingangamsha abadala (rhoqo servitors ezindala) kubhetele kakhulu ukwazi amasiko kunye nomdla kwisithili wakhe, ukuze sikwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo ngakumbi amazwe wayinikela kubo.