Kokushenxa genetic: iimpawu ezingundoqo inkqubo

DNA isabelo apho iqhele a kuwela ethile gene kuthiwa. Isenokuba iinguqulelo enye inkcazelo yemfuza - alleles. Kuyo nayiphi na labantu, kukho inani elikhulu izakhiwo data. Ngaloo isabelo a allele ethile kwi genome abantu ngokubanzi unelona igama ezitsho sofuzo.

Ukuze kuguquka ethile eyabangela ukuba utshintsho yendaleko kweentlobo, rhoqo wayo kufuneka ibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye allele njengesi kufuneka ilungiswe bonke abantu kwisizukulwana ngasinye. Xa isixa-mali oluncinane utshintsho zayo mutational akanako ukuphembelela imbali yendaleko zezinto eziphilayo.

Ukuze allele amaza wakhula, kufuneka enze izinto ezithile - kokushenxa yemfuza, ukufuduka kunye nokukhetha zendalo.

kokushenxa kwezakhi - oku kukhula allele random phantsi kweempembelelo iziganeko eziliqela ezidibanisa kwaye babe nesimilo stochastic. Le nkqubo inxulunyaniswe yokuba ingengabo bonke abantu kubemi ababandakanyeka yokuzala. Kubaluleke kakhulu uphawu iimpawu okanye izifo zinqabile, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala ukhetho kunokugcinwa kusapho okanye wonke umphakathi elimlinganiselo encinane ixesha elide. Le ndlela kaninzi kubonwa ezweni elinabantu encinane, inani apho engekho abantu ngaphezulu kwe 1000, ngenxa yokuba kule meko yokufudukela encinane kakhulu.

Ukuze siqonde ngcono kokushenxa yemfuza, kufuneka bazazi le mithetho. Kwiimeko apho amaza allele ngu-0, alandela kwizizukulwana oko akatshintshi. Ukuba ufikelela 1, ngoko esiya kuthi, ukuba sofuzo labemi kulungisiwe. kokushenxa yemfuza Random kwaye ngenxa yenkqubo ukulungiswa kunye nokulahlekelwa ngaxeshanye allele omnye. Amaninzi, le ndlela ingalandwa xa ukuguquka kunye yokufudukela akubangeli utshintsho esisigxina iinxalenye ngeso.

Ekubeni amaza gene inophawu non-zemiyalelo, lunciphisa iyantlukwano iintlobo, kwaye kananjalo kwandisa umahluko phakathi zengingqi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le silwe ukufuduka, apho amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu eziphilayo babelana alleles zabo. Kufuneka kwakhona bathi kokushenxa yemfuza iye phantse nafuthe nezihlandlo yemfuza ngamnye abemi abaninzi, kodwa amaqela amancinane, kunokuba yayibaluleke into yokuzivelela. Inani alleles iyatshintsha kakhulu. Ezinye izakhi ukuze nobutyobo elahlekileyo, leyo mpofu kakhulu iyantlukwano yemfuza.

Ngokomzekelo, izifo ubunzima, emva koko labemi lwaqhutywa phantse wobuyiselo ngenxa abameli balo eziliqela. Ngaphezu koko, yonke inzalo twatse ukhokho sofuzo. Kamva ukwanda allelic iyantlukwano saqinisekisa abenzi ukungeniswa okanye izibophelelo atyekile ezikhuthaza umahluko ukukhula kwinqanaba yemfuza.

kubonakaliswa kakhulu kokushenxa yemfuza ungatsalela imbonakalo labemi entsha ngokupheleleyo oluthi luqokelelane kubantu nje abambalwa - ekuthiwa-effect nguyise.

Kufuneka ke ukuba okunene izizekelo ngokutsha ufuzo ukufunda biotechnology. zobunjineli Genetic - njengobuchule kwale nzululwazi, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukudlulisela ulwazi yemfuza. Xa oku transfer gene ivumela ukujongana njengomqobo eentlobo nokugqithisa iipropati ezinqwenelekayo eziphilayo.