Imithetho dialectics Hegelian: iingcinga umisela ukuba

Dialectics - igama olukhoyo bulumko ukusuka kudaladala ezixabisa kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, Hegel ibinzana capacious uchaze imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka yale ndlela yentanda: "Ukuba inabe yaba uMdali bulumko endalo, uSocrates - ifilosofi yokuziphatha, uPlato wadala bulumko sesithathu - ngengqiqo." Ifilosofi kwemithetho dialectics kuqondwa yimfundiso ubudlelwane kakhulu jikelele, kunye nokusekwa kwe-siseko engundoqo wobomi, ngokunjalo malunga nophuhliso lolwazi. Ngoko ke, lo ngengqiqo nto zombini ithiyori yentanda, indlela kunye kwingqiqo.

Imithetho dialectics okanye izakhi zabo ngohlobo lula ivela zobulumko ezininzi yamandulo, echaza ihlabathi okanye yonke lwenqubo ngaphakathi ziphikisana. Kuba obunzulu Greek ephawuleka gama ezifana "Nozipho" - ekuqondweni dialectical. Elements of dialectics siye zayibonayo empumalanga, ingakumbi iinkqubo zeentanda-bulumko zobuTao nobuBhuda (umzekelo, emfundisweni ukuba asizizo zonke ngcamango yesazisi ngokwayo, okanye nokuqiqa ngamazwi ukuba "ubuthathaka mkhulu, kwaye amandla ayinamsebenzi"). Ngengqiqo na imfundiso Heraclitus, i Logos - loo mfazwe noxolo, indlala kunye kuhluthe, amanzi kunye ngomlilo, athi onke ukuzalwa - ukufa ezidlulileyo. USocrates ikhono dialectical ukuqhuba ingxoxo, alibiza maevtikoy - ". Ubugcisa umbelekisi ' Ngengqiqo ingabizwa ngoluvo uPlato ukuba ingcamango ngelo xesha akukho nto. imizekelo inokufumaneka lukhulu-bulumko ephakathi kunye mihla.

Noko ke, dialectics imithetho Hegel ekugqibeleni laliqulunqwe njengoko postulates ukuzalana yokuba nokucinga, okanye mandithi ukongamela yokucinga phezu yokuba. Ngemisebenzi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu - "Science of Logic", "Ifilosofi Nature" yaye "Phenomenology koMoya", yena okuchitha ithisisi ukuba lo mba ayikhangeleki ngaphandle osezingqondweni, kunye isenesazela kumbandela Kant, enyanisweni, wathi zombini mba nokuphila kukhulise phantsi kwemithetho efanayo - logic dialectical. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho ungubani yokuba nokucinga (esse), kodwa nolu chazo ifihliweyo ayiphikisani kwisifundo kunye nenjongosenzi. Ukuzazi Ubunye kunqandwa iimpawu zazo injongo kwaye kudala otherness (mba, nature). Kodwa ekubeni umongo wale otherness nto okucinga, ubhalo kunye nehlabathi eziphathekayo, kunye nentsingiselo yalo uphuhliso ingcamango elililo, eli nqanaba liphezulu leyo nguMoya Absolute.

Imithetho ye dialectics Hegelian zinjalo imithetho zeengcinga njengoko ephezulu onesimilo sokwazi. Ukucinga inokufunyanwa ku mxholo umxholo wayo, nto leyo ingqiqo - kakuhle zesifundo. yokucinga dialectical kuphela baqonde into yokuba nengqiqo, likaThixo, okunene ngokuyimfuneko idibana enyanisweni, nokubonakala. logic ezisesikweni ngayo akakwazi, kuba anqongophele ngenxa imithetho zokucinga, imithetho dialectical zophuhliso uzaziyo.

Imithetho ye dialectics, Hegel zavela kakhulu zinxulumene iingqiqo. Umthetho yokuqala ithi iikhonsepthi iphuhlisa kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; ukusuka eziphathekayo ukuya abstract kunye, phezu koko, Ihamba zibe omnye komnye. Ukudala amagama amatsha kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa utshintsho wokusemgangathweni, xhuma, "ukuphazanyiswa phambili." Umthetho yesibini uthi zonke ngqiqo umanyano yesazisi kunye umahluko - enyanisweni isiseko salo naliphina bephela izichasi ezikhokelela intshukumo kunye nophuhliso. Ke ekugqibeleni, umthetho sesithathu - le kuphika le kuphika - sichaza inkqubo uphuhliso lwengqiqo. Wonke ingqiqo entsha kuphika ezidlulileyo, ngexesha elifanayo into kuthatha, kwaye ukubuyela emva kweyokuqala, kodwa kwinqanaba eyahlukileyo.

Kwakhona Hegel liphuhlise iindidi, imigaqo nemithetho dialectics. A iindidi eyodwa, jikelele kunye ezizodwa iikhonsepthi wophuhliso kwaye bamele triad. Iskim Hegelian kakhulu kuphuhliso yokuba nokucinga, umhlaba, ngokomoya, kunye nezembali, kakhulu, i triad. Ukuba yokuqala, elinye lawo-iingcinga uchaza ngokuthi "umntu abstract," indalo wendalo sobulumko vitanaka "ukuphila okunenjongo" kunye yimbonakalo yomntu, inkqubo zembali kunye ukuvela ulwazi - ". Ekubeni abazi" Ngoko ke, ngengqiqo yakhe - i "nenzululwazi ingcamango futhi ngokwalo okupheleleyo."